堡垒机之paramiko模块详解编程语言

一、paramiko简单介绍

场景预设:

很多运维人员平时进行维护linux/unix主机时候,无非通过ssh到相应主机操作,那么一旦主机有成千上百台,那该如何应对,这时候我们需要批处理工具,基于python的工具有ansible、salt,而ansible的核心则是基于paramiko。

安装:

pip install paramiko或 easy_install paramiko

paramiko依赖第三方的Crypto,Ecdsa和pyhton-devel

核心组件:

SSHclient类
方法:

connect():远程ssh连接并作校验

参数:

  • hostname 连接的目标主机
  • port=SSH_PORT 指定端口
  • username=None 验证的用户名
  • password=None 验证的用户密码
  • pkey=None 私钥方式用于身份验证
  • key_filename=None 一个文件名或文件名列表,指定私钥文件
  • timeout=None 可选的tcp连接超时时间
  • allow_agent=True 是否允许连接到ssh代理,默认为True 允许
  • look_for_keys=True 是否在~/.ssh中搜索私钥文件,默认为True 允许
  • compress=False 是否打开压缩
  • sock=None
  • gss_auth=False
  • gss_kex=False
  • gss_deleg_creds=True
  • gss_host=None
  • banner_timeout=None

 

exec_command():用于远程执行命令,该命令的输入与输出流为标准输入、标出输出、标准错误输出

参数:

  • command 执行的命令
  • bufsize=-1 文件缓冲区大小
  • timeout=None 设置超时时间
  • get_pty=False

 

load_system_host_key():装载系统公钥,默认为~/.ssh/known_hosts

参数:

  • filename=None 指定本地公钥文件

 

set_missing_host_key_policy():设置连接的远程主机没有本地主机密钥或HostKeys对象时的策略,目前支持三种,也就是参数只有三个。

参数:

  • AutoAddPolicy 自动添加主机名及主机密钥到本地的known_hosts,不依赖load_system_host_key的配置。即新建立ssh连接时不需要再输入yes或no进行确认
  • WarningPolicy 用于记录一个未知的主机密钥的python警告。并接受,功能上和AutoAddPolicy类似,但是会提示是新连接
  • RejectPolicy 自动拒绝未知的主机名和密钥,依赖load_system_host_key的配置。此为默认选项

  用法:
  set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

SFTPClient类

SFTPCLient作为一个sftp的客户端对象,根据ssh传输协议的sftp会话,实现远程文件操作,如上传、下载。

方法:

  • from_transport(cls,t) 创建一个已连通的SFTP客户端通道
  • put(localpath, remotepath, callback=None, confirm=True) 将本地文件上传到服务器 参数confirm:是否调用stat()方法检查文件状态,返回ls -l的结果
  • get(remotepath, localpath, callback=None) 从服务器下载文件到本地
  • mkdir() 在服务器上创建目录
  • remove() 在服务器上删除目录
  • rename() 在服务器上重命名目录
  • stat() 查看服务器文件状态
  • listdir() 列出服务器目录下的文件
二、使用paramiko远程执行命令

1.使用用户名、密码直接远程登陆demo:

#!/usr/bin/env python3 
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ 
#Author:wd 
import paramiko 
host='10.0.0.241' 
username='root' 
passwd='1234qwer' 
ssh=paramiko.SSHClient()#创建SSH对象 
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())#设置自动添加known_host 
ssh.connect(hostname=host,username=username,password=passwd,)#连接主机 
paramiko.util.log_to_file('tran.log')#设置登陆数据传输日志 
stdin,stdout,stderr=ssh.exec_command('ifconfig',timeout=10)#执行命令设置超时时间 
stdout,stderr=stdout.read(),stderr.read() 
res=stdout if stdout else stderr 
print(res.decode())
ssh.close()#关闭连接

2.使用公钥私钥远程连接

demo:

#!/usr/bin/env python3 
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ 
#Author:wd 
host='172.16.11.35' 
username='root' 
 
import paramiko 
ssh=paramiko.SSHClient() 
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())#设置自动添加known_hosts,一定要在connection之前 
ssh.connect(username=username,hostname=host,pkey=paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/Users/fangchaoliu/.ssh/id_rsa')) 
stdin,stdout,stderr=ssh.exec_command('ifconfig') 
stdout,stderr=stdout.read(),stderr.read() 
res=stdout if stdout else stderr 
print(res.decode())

3.使用SSHclient封装transport

#!/usr/bin/env python3 
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ 
#Author:wd 
host=('172.16.11.35',22) 
user='root' 
passwd='1234qwer' 
import paramiko 
tran=paramiko.Transport(host)#host是一个tuple,分别是主机和port 
tran.connect(username=user,password=passwd) 
ssh=paramiko.SSHClient() 
ssh._transport=tran 
stdin,stdout,stderr=ssh.exec_command('df -h') 
stdout,stderr=stdout.read(),stderr.read() 
res=stdout if stdout else stderr 
print(res.decode())
tran.close()

私钥是字符串:

import paramiko 
from io import StringIO 
 
key_str = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- 
MIIEpQIBAAKCAQEAq7gLsqYArAFco02/55IgNg0r7NXOtEM3qXpb/dabJ5Uyky/8 
NEHhFiQ7deHIRIuTW5Zb0kD6h6EBbVlUMBmwJrC2oSzySLU1w+ZNfH0PE6W6fans 
H80whhuc/YgP+fjiO+VR/gFcqib8Rll5UfYzf5H8uuOnDeIXGCVgyHQSmt8if1+e 
7hn1MVO1Lrm9Fco8ABI7dyv8/ZEwoSfh2C9rGYgA58LT1FkBRkOePbHD43xNfAYC 
tfLvz6LErMnwdOW4sNMEWWAWv1fsTB35PAm5CazfKzmam9n5IQXhmUNcNvmaZtvP 
c4f4g59mdsaWNtNaY96UjOfx83Om86gmdkKcnwIDAQABAoIBAQCnDBGFJuv8aA7A 
ZkBLe+GN815JtOyye7lIS1n2I7En3oImoUWNaJEYwwJ8+LmjxMwDCtAkR0XwbvY+ 
c+nsKPEtkjb3sAu6I148RmwWsGncSRqUaJrljOypaW9dS+GO4Ujjz3/lw1lrxSUh 
IqVc0E7kyRW8kP3QCaNBwArYteHreZFFp6XmtKMtXaEA3saJYILxaaXlYkoRi4k8 
S2/K8aw3ZMR4tDCOfB4o47JaeiA/e185RK3A+mLn9xTDhTdZqTQpv17/YRPcgmwz 
zu30fhVXQT/SuI0sO+bzCO4YGoEwoBX718AWhdLJFoFq1B7k2ZEzXTAtjEXQEWm6 
01ndU/jhAasdfasdasdfasdfa3eraszxqwefasdfadasdffsFIfAsjQb4HdkmHuC 
OeJrJOd+CYvdEeqJJNnF6AbHyYHIECkj0Qq1kEfLOEsqzd5nDbtkKBte6M1trbjl 
HtJ2Yb8w6o/q/6Sbj7wf/cW3LIYEdeVCjScozVcQ9R83ea05J+QOAr4nAoGBAMaq 
UzLJfLNWZ5Qosmir2oHStFlZpxspax/ln7DlWLW4wPB4YJalSVovF2Buo8hr8X65 
lnPiE41M+G0Z7icEXiFyDBFDCtzx0x/RmaBokLathrFtI81UCx4gQPLaSVNMlvQA 
539GsubSrO4LpHRNGg/weZ6EqQOXvHvkUkm2bDDJAoGATytFNxen6GtC0ZT3SRQM 
WYfasdf3xbtuykmnluiofasd2sfmjnljkt7khghmghdasSDFGQfgaFoKfaawoYeH 
C2XasVUsVviBn8kPSLSVBPX4JUfQmA6h8HsajeVahxN1U9e0nYJ0sYDQFUMTS2t8 
RT57+WK/0ONwTWHdu+KnaJECgYEAid/ta8LQC3p82iNAZkpWlGDSD2yb/8rH8NQg 
9tjEryFwrbMtfX9qn+8srx06B796U3OjifstjJQNmVI0qNlsJpQK8fPwVxRxbJS/ 
pMbNICrf3sUa4sZgDOFfkeuSlgACh4cVIozDXlR59Z8Y3CoiW0uObEgvMDIfenAj 
98pl3ZkCgYEAj/UCSni0dwX4pnKNPm6LUgiS7QvIgM3H9piyt8aipQuzBi5LUKWw 
DlQC4Zb73nHgdREtQYYXTu7p27Bl0Gizz1sW2eSgxFU8eTh+ucfVwOXKAXKU5SeI 
+MbuBfUYQ4if2N/BXn47+/ecf3A4KgB37Le5SbLDddwCNxGlBzbpBa0= 
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----""" 
 
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str)) 
transport = paramiko.Transport(('10.0.1.40', 22)) 
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key) 
 
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() 
ssh._transport = transport 
 
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df') 
result = stdout.read() 
 
transport.close() 
 
print(result)

 

三、使用paramiko上传、下载文件

 下载上传,使用SSHclient封装的Transport,注意(连接建立完成以后需要关闭通道tran.close())

通过用户名密码demo:

#!/usr/bin/env python3 
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ 
#Author:wd 
host=('172.16.11.35',22) 
user='root' 
passwd='1234qwer' 
import paramiko 
tran=paramiko.Transport(host)#host是一个tuple,分别是主机和port 
tran.connect(username=user,password=passwd) 
sftp=paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(tran) 
status=sftp.put('socket_client.py','/usr/local/socket_client.py')#上传文件 
sftp.get('/root/skip.sh','skip.sh')#下载文件 
print(status)#打印传输状态 
tran.close()#关闭连接

通过公钥私钥方式demo:

#!/usr/bin/env python3 
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ 
#Author:wd 
import paramiko 
host=('172.16.11.35',22) 
user='root' 
private_key=paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/Users/fangchaoliu/.ssh/id_rsa') 
tran=paramiko.Transport(host)#host是一个tuple,分别是主机和port 
tran.connect(username=user,pkey=private_key) 
sftp=paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(tran) 
status=sftp.put('socket_client.py','/usr/local/socket_client.py')#上传文件 
sftp.get('/root/skip.sh','skip.sh')#下载文件 
print(status)#打印传输状态 
tran.close()#关闭连接

简单跳板机实现:

堡垒机之paramiko模块详解编程语言

import paramiko 
import sys 
import os 
import socket 
import getpass 
from paramiko.py3compat import u 
# windows does not have termios... 
try: 
import termios 
import tty 
has_termios = True 
except ImportError: 
has_termios = False 
def interactive_shell(chan): 
if has_termios: 
posix_shell(chan) 
else: 
windows_shell(chan) 
def posix_shell(chan): 
import select 
oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) 
try: 
tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno()) 
tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno()) 
chan.settimeout(0.0) 
log = open('handle.log', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') 
flag = False 
temp_list = [] 
while True: 
r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], []) 
if chan in r: 
try: 
x = u(chan.recv(1024)) 
if len(x) == 0: 
sys.stdout.write('/r/n*** EOF/r/n') 
break 
if flag: 
if x.startswith('/r/n'): 
pass 
else: 
temp_list.append(x) 
flag = False 
sys.stdout.write(x) 
sys.stdout.flush() 
except socket.timeout: 
pass 
if sys.stdin in r: 
x = sys.stdin.read(1) 
import json 
if len(x) == 0: 
break 
if x == '/t': 
flag = True 
else: 
temp_list.append(x) 
if x == '/r': 
log.write(''.join(temp_list)) 
log.flush() 
temp_list.clear() 
chan.send(x) 
finally: 
termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty) 
def windows_shell(chan): 
import threading 
sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF./r/n/r/n") 
def writeall(sock): 
while True: 
data = sock.recv(256) 
if not data: 
sys.stdout.write('/r/n*** EOF ***/r/n/r/n') 
sys.stdout.flush() 
break 
sys.stdout.write(data) 
sys.stdout.flush() 
writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,)) 
writer.start() 
try: 
while True: 
d = sys.stdin.read(1) 
if not d: 
break 
chan.send(d) 
except EOFError: 
# user hit ^Z or F6 
pass 
def run(): 
default_username = getpass.getuser() 
username = input('Username [%s]: ' % default_username) 
if len(username) == 0: 
username = default_username 
hostname = input('Hostname: ') 
if len(hostname) == 0: 
print('*** Hostname required.') 
sys.exit(1) 
tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22,)) 
tran.start_client() 
default_auth = "p" 
auth = input('Auth by (p)assword or (r)sa key[%s] ' % default_auth) 
if len(auth) == 0: 
auth = default_auth 
if auth == 'r': 
default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa') 
path = input('RSA key [%s]: ' % default_path) 
if len(path) == 0: 
path = default_path 
try: 
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path) 
except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException: 
password = getpass.getpass('RSA key password: ') 
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password) 
tran.auth_publickey(username, key) 
else: 
pw = getpass.getpass('Password for %s@%s: ' % (username, hostname)) 
tran.auth_password(username, pw) 
# 打开一个通道 
chan = tran.open_session() 
# 获取一个终端 
    chan.get_pty() 
# 激活器 
    chan.invoke_shell() 
interactive_shell(chan) 
chan.close() 
tran.close() 
if __name__ == '__main__': 
run()

demo

 带密钥方式:

堡垒机之paramiko模块详解编程语言

import paramiko 
import sys 
import os 
import socket 
import getpass 
from paramiko.py3compat import u 
# windows does not have termios... 
try: 
import termios 
import tty 
has_termios = True 
except ImportError: 
has_termios = False 
def interactive_shell(chan): 
if has_termios: 
posix_shell(chan) 
else: 
windows_shell(chan) 
def posix_shell(chan): 
import select 
oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) 
try: 
tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno()) 
tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno()) 
chan.settimeout(0.0) 
log = open('handle.log', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') 
flag = False 
temp_list = [] 
while True: 
r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], []) 
if chan in r: 
try: 
x = u(chan.recv(1024)) 
if len(x) == 0: 
sys.stdout.write('/r/n*** EOF/r/n') 
break 
if flag: 
if x.startswith('/r/n'): 
pass 
else: 
temp_list.append(x) 
flag = False 
sys.stdout.write(x) 
sys.stdout.flush() 
except socket.timeout: 
pass 
if sys.stdin in r: 
x = sys.stdin.read(1) 
import json 
if len(x) == 0: 
break 
if x == '/t': 
flag = True 
else: 
temp_list.append(x) 
if x == '/r': 
log.write(''.join(temp_list)) 
log.flush() 
temp_list.clear() 
chan.send(x) 
finally: 
termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty) 
def windows_shell(chan): 
import threading 
sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF./r/n/r/n") 
def writeall(sock): 
while True: 
data = sock.recv(256) 
if not data: 
sys.stdout.write('/r/n*** EOF ***/r/n/r/n') 
sys.stdout.flush() 
break 
sys.stdout.write(data) 
sys.stdout.flush() 
writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,)) 
writer.start() 
try: 
while True: 
d = sys.stdin.read(1) 
if not d: 
break 
chan.send(d) 
except EOFError: 
# user hit ^Z or F6 
pass 
def run(): 
default_username = getpass.getuser() 
username = input('Username [%s]: ' % default_username) 
if len(username) == 0: 
username = default_username 
hostname = input('Hostname: ') 
if len(hostname) == 0: 
print('*** Hostname required.') 
sys.exit(1) 
tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22,)) 
tran.start_client() 
default_auth = "p" 
auth = input('Auth by (p)assword or (r)sa key[%s] ' % default_auth) 
if len(auth) == 0: 
auth = default_auth 
if auth == 'r': 
default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa') 
path = input('RSA key [%s]: ' % default_path) 
if len(path) == 0: 
path = default_path 
try: 
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path) 
except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException: 
password = getpass.getpass('RSA key password: ') 
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password) 
tran.auth_publickey(username, key) 
else: 
pw = getpass.getpass('Password for %s@%s: ' % (username, hostname)) 
tran.auth_password(username, pw) 
# 打开一个通道 
chan = tran.open_session() 
# 获取一个终端 
    chan.get_pty() 
# 激活器 
    chan.invoke_shell() 
interactive_shell(chan) 
chan.close() 
tran.close() 
if __name__ == '__main__': 
run()

demo

 

原创文章,作者:Maggie-Hunter,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/12439.html

(0)
上一篇 2021年7月19日
下一篇 2021年7月19日

相关推荐

发表回复

登录后才能评论