XML 结构
XML 文档形成了一种树结构，它从“根部”开始，然后扩展到“枝叶”。
一个 XML 文档实例
XML 使用简单的具有自我描述性的语法：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<note>
<to>George</to>
<from>John</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget the meeting!</body>
</note>
第一行是 XML 声明。它定义 XML 的版本 (1.0) 和所使用的编码 (ISO-8859-1 = Latin-1/西欧字符集)。
下一行描述文档的根元素（像在说：“本文档是一个便签”）：
<note>
接下来 4 行描述根的 4 个子元素（to, from, heading 以及 body）：
<to>George</to>
<from>John</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget the meeting!</body>
最后一行定义根元素的结尾：
</note>
从本例可以设想，该 XML 文档包含了 John 给 George 的一张便签。
XML 具有出色的自我描述性，你同意吗？
XML 文档形成一种树结构
XML 文档必须包含根元素。该元素是所有其他元素的父元素。
XML 文档中的元素形成了一棵文档树。这棵树从根部开始，并扩展到树的最底端。
所有元素均可拥有子元素：
<root>
<child>
<subchild>.....</subchild>
</child>
</root>
父、子以及同胞等术语用于描述元素之间的关系。父元素拥有子元素。相同层级上的子元素成为同胞（兄弟或姐妹）。
所有元素均可拥有文本内容和属性（类似 HTML 中）。
实例
上图表示下面的 XML 中的一本书：
<bookstore>
<book category="COOKING">
<title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title>
<author>Giada De Laurentiis</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>30.00</price>
</book>
<book category="CHILDREN">
<title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
<author>J K. Rowling</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>29.99</price>
</book>
<book category="WEB">
<title lang="en">Learning XML</title>
<author>Erik T. Ray</author>
<year>2003</year>
<price>39.95</price>
</book>
</bookstore>
例子中的根元素是 。文档中的所有 元素都被包含在 中。
元素有 4 个子元素：、< author>、<year>、<price>。</p>
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