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<meta property="og:description" content="前面我们讨论了 Instance 的若干操作，有的操作功能比较类似，也有各自的适用场景，现在是时候系统地总结一下了。 如上图所示，我们把对 Instance 的管理按运维工作的场景分为两类：常规操作和故障处理。 常规操作 常规操作中，Launch、Start、Reboot、Shut Off 和 Terminate 都很…">
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                            <article id="post-54637" class="post-54637 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-aiops tag-314 entry">
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                            <h1 class="entry-title">1 张图秒懂 Nova 16 种操作 - 每天5分钟玩转 OpenStack（44）</h1>
                            <div class="entry-info">
                                                                <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2021-08-07T03:53:34+08:00" pubdate>
                                    2021年8月7日 03:53                                </time>
                                <span class="dot">•</span>
                                <a href="https://blog.ytso.com/category/tech/aiops" rel="category tag">智能运维</a>                                                            </div>
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                                                <div class="entry-content text-indent text-justify">
                            <div id="toc">
<p class="toc-title"><strong>文章目录</strong><span class="toc-controller toc-controller-show">[隐藏]</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toc-level1"><a href="#toc_1">常规操作</a></li>
<li class="toc-level1"><a href="#toc_2">故障处理</a>
<ul>
<li class="toc-level2"><a href="#toc_3">计划内故障处理</a></li>
<li class="toc-level2"><a href="#toc_4">计划外故障处理</a>
<ul>
<li class="toc-level3"><a href="#toc_5">Instance 故障</a></li>
<li class="toc-level3"><a href="#toc_6">计算节点故障</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc-level1"><a href="#toc_7">小节</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>前面我们讨论了 Instance 的若干操作，有的操作功能比较类似，也有各自的适用场景，现在是时候系统地总结一下了。</p>
<p><noscript><img ></noscript><img ></p>
<p>如上图所示，我们把对 Instance 的管理按运维工作的场景分为两类：常规操作和故障处理。</p>
<h1 id="toc_1">常规操作</h1>
<p>常规操作中，Launch、Start、Reboot、Shut Off 和 Terminate 都很好理解。 下面几个操作重点回顾一下：</p>
<p><strong>Resize</strong><br />通过应用不同的 flavor 调整分配给 instance 的资源。</p>
<p><strong>Lock/Unlock</strong><br />可以防止对 instance 的误操作。</p>
<p><strong>Pause/Suspend/Resume</strong><br />暂停当前 instance，并在以后恢复。 Pause 和 Suspend 的区别在于 Pause 将 instance 的运行状态保存在计算节点的内存中，而 Suspend 保存在磁盘上。 Pause 的优点是 Resume 的速度比 Suspend 快；缺点是如果计算节点重启，内存数据丢失，就无法 Resume 了，而 Suspend 则没有这个问题。</p>
<p><strong>Snapshot</strong><br />备份 instance 到 Glance。产生的 image 可用于故障恢复，或者以此为模板部署新的 instance。</p>
<h1 id="toc_2">故障处理</h1>
<p>故障处理有两种场景：计划内和计划外。</p>
<p>计划内是指提前安排时间窗口做的维护工作，比如服务器定期的微码升级，添加更换硬件等。 计划外是指发生了没有预料到的突发故障，比如强行关机造成 OS 系统文件损坏，服务器掉电，硬件故障等。</p>
<h2 id="toc_3">计划内故障处理</h2>
<p>对于计划内的故障处理，可以在维护窗口中将 instance 迁移到其他计算节点。 涉及如下操作：</p>
<p><strong>Migrate</strong><br />将 instance 迁移到其他计算节点。 迁移之前，instance 会被 Shut Off，支持共享存储和非共享存储。</p>
<p><strong>Live Migrate</strong><br />与 Migrate 不同，Live Migrate 能不停机在线地迁移 instance，保证了业务的连续性。也支持共享存储和非共享存储（Block Migration）</p>
<p><strong>Shelve/Unshelve</strong> Shelve 将 instance 保存到 Glance 上，之后可通过 Unshelve 重新部署。 Shelve 操作成功后，instance 会从原来的计算节点上删除。 Unshelve 会重新选择节点部署，可能不是原节点。</p>
<h2 id="toc_4">计划外故障处理</h2>
<p>计划外的故障按照影响的范围又分为两类：Instance 故障和计算节点故障</p>
<h3 id="toc_5">Instance 故障</h3>
<p>Instance 故障只限于某一个 instance 的操作系统层面，系统无法正常启动。 可以使用如下操作修复 instance：</p>
<p><strong>Rescue/Unrescue</strong><br />用指定的启动盘启动，进入 Rescue 模式，修复受损的系统盘。成功修复后，通过 Unrescue 正常启动 instance。</p>
<p><strong>Rebuild</strong><br />如果 Rescue 无法修复，则只能通过 Rebuild 从已有的备份恢复。Instance 的备份是通过 snapshot 创建的，所以需要有备份策略定期备份。</p>
<h3 id="toc_6">计算节点故障</h3>
<p>Instance 故障的影响范围局限在特定的 instance，计算节点本身是正常工作的。如果计算节点发生故障，OpenStack 则无法与节点的 nova-compute 通信，其上运行的所有 instance 都会受到影响。这个时候，只能通过 Evacuate 操作在其他正常节点上重建 Instance。</p>
<p><strong>Evacuate</strong><br />利用共享存储上 Instance 的镜像文件在其他计算节点上重建 Instance。 所以提前规划共享存储是关键。</p>
<h1 id="toc_7">小节</h1>
<p>到这里，我们已经学习了 OpenStack Nova 的架构，讨论了 Nova API，Scheduler，Compute 等重要组件，并通过案例详尽的剖析了 Nova 各个操作，最后用一张图总结了这些操作的用途和使用场景。</p>
<p>Nova 是 OpenStack 最重要的项目，处于 OpenStack 的中心。 其他 Keystone，Glance，Cinder 和 Neutron 项目都是为 Nova 其服务的，一定要好好理解。</p>
<p>下一节我们将学习 OpenStack 块存储服务 - Cinder</p>
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