ios网络编程详解手机开发

一:确认网络环境3G/WIFI 

 

    1. 添加源文件和framework 

     

    开发Web等网络应用程序的时候,需要确认网络环境,连接情况等信息。如果没有处理它们,是不会通过Apple的审查的。 

    Apple 的 例程 Reachability 中介绍了取得/检测网络状态的方法。要在应用程序程序中使用Reachability,首先要完成如下两部: 

     

    1.1. 添加源文件: 

    在你的程序中使用 Reachability 只须将该例程中的 Reachability.h 和 Reachability.m 拷贝到你的工程中。如下图: 

 

     

     

    1.2.添加framework: 

    将SystemConfiguration.framework 添加进工程。如下图: 

     

     

    2. 网络状态 

     

    Reachability.h中定义了三种网络状态: 

    typedef enum { 

        NotReachable = 0,            //无连接 

        ReachableViaWiFi,            //使用3G/GPRS网络 

        ReachableViaWWAN            //使用WiFi网络 

    } NetworkStatus; 

     

    因此可以这样检查网络状态: 

 

    Reachability *r = [Reachability reachabilityWithHostName:@“
www.apple.com”]; 

    switch ([r currentReachabilityStatus]) { 

            case NotReachable: 

                    // 没有网络连接 

                    break; 

            case ReachableViaWWAN: 

                    // 使用3G网络 

                    break; 

            case ReachableViaWiFi: 

                    // 使用WiFi网络 

                    break; 

    } 

     

    3.检查当前网络环境 

    程序启动时,如果想检测可用的网络环境,可以像这样 

    // 是否wifi 

    + (BOOL) IsEnableWIFI { 

        return ([[Reachability reachabilityForLocalWiFi] currentReachabilityStatus] != NotReachable); 

    } 

 

    // 是否3G 

    + (BOOL) IsEnable3G { 

        return ([[Reachability reachabilityForInternetConnection] currentReachabilityStatus] != NotReachable); 

    } 

    例子: 

    – (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated {     

    if (([Reachability reachabilityForInternetConnection].currentReachabilityStatus == NotReachable) &&  

            ([Reachability reachabilityForLocalWiFi].currentReachabilityStatus == NotReachable)) { 

            self.navigationItem.hidesBackButton = YES; 

            [self.navigationItem setLeftBarButtonItem:nil animated:NO]; 

        } 

    } 

 

    4. 链接状态的实时通知 

    网络连接状态的实时检查,通知在网络应用中也是十分必要的。接续状态发生变化时,需要及时地通知用户: 

     

    Reachability 1.5版本 

    // My.AppDelegate.h 

    #import “Reachability.h” 

 

    
@interface MyAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> { 

        NetworkStatus remoteHostStatus; 

    } 

 

    @property NetworkStatus remoteHostStatus; 

 

    @end 

 

    // My.AppDelegate.m 

    #import “MyAppDelegate.h” 

 

    @implementation MyAppDelegate 

    @synthesize remoteHostStatus; 

 

    // 更新网络状态 

    – (void)updateStatus { 

        self.remoteHostStatus = [[Reachability sharedReachability] remoteHostStatus]; 

    } 

 

    // 通知网络状态 

    – (void)reachabilityChanged:(NSNotification *)note { 

        [self updateStatus]; 

        if (self.remoteHostStatus == NotReachable) { 

            UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:NSLocalizedString(@”AppName”, nil) 

                         message:NSLocalizedString (@”NotReachable”, nil) 

                        delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@”OK” otherButtonTitles: nil]; 

            ; 

            ; 

        } 

    } 

 

    // 程序启动器,启动网络监视 

    – (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application { 

     

        // 设置网络检测的站点 

        [[Reachability sharedReachability] setHostName:@”www.apple.com”]; 

        [[Reachability sharedReachability] setNetworkStatusNotificationsEnabled:YES]; 

        // 设置网络状态变化时的通知函数 

        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(reachabilityChanged:) 

                                                 name:@”kNetworkReachabilityChangedNotification” object:nil]; 

        [self updateStatus]; 

    } 

 

    – (void)dealloc { 

        // 删除通知对象 

        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self]; 

        [window release]; 

        [super dealloc]; 

    }  

     

    Reachability 2.0版本 

     

 

    // MyAppDelegate.h 

    @class Reachability; 

 

        @interface MyAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> { 

            Reachability  *hostReach; 

        } 

 

    @end 

 

    // MyAppDelegate.m 

    – (void)reachabilityChanged:(NSNotification *)note { 

        Reachability* curReach = [note object]; 

        NSParameterAssert([curReach isKindOfClass: [Reachability class]]); 

        NetworkStatus status = [curReach currentReachabilityStatus]; 

     

        if (status == NotReachable) { 

            UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@”AppName”” 

                              message:@”NotReachable” 

                              delegate:nil 

                              cancelButtonTitle:@”YES” otherButtonTitles:nil]; 

                              ; 

                              ; 

        } 

    } 

                               

    – (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application { 

        // … 

                   

        // 监测网络情况 

        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self 

                              selector:@selector(reachabilityChanged:) 

                              name: kReachabilityChangedNotification 

                              object: nil]; 

        hostReach = [[Reachability reachabilityWithHostName:@”www.google.com”] retain]; 

        hostReach startNotifer]; 

        // … 

    } 

 

 

二:使用NSConnection下载数据 

     

    1.创建NSConnection对象,设置委托对象 

     

    NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:[self urlString]]]; 

    [NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:request delegate:self]; 

     

    2. NSURLConnection delegate委托方法 

        – (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response;   

        – (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error;   

        – (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data;   

        – (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection;   

 

    3. 实现委托方法 

    – (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response { 

        // store data 

        [self.receivedData setLength:0];            //通常在这里先清空接受数据的缓存 

    } 

     

    – (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data { 

           /* appends the new data to the received data */ 

        [self.receivedData appendData:data];        //可能多次收到数据,把新的数据添加在现有数据最后 

    } 

 

    – (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error { 

        // 错误处理 

    } 

 

    – (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection { 

        // disconnect 

        [UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible = NO;    

        NSString *returnString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:self.receivedData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; 

        NSLog(returnString); 

        [self urlLoaded:[self urlString] data:self.receivedData]; 

        firstTimeDownloaded = YES; 

    } 

 

三:使用NSXMLParser解析xml文件 

 

    1. 设置委托对象,开始解析 

    NSXMLParser *parser = [[NSXMLParser alloc] initWithData:data];   //或者也可以使用initWithContentsOfURL直接下载文件,但是有一个原因不这么做: 

    // It’s also possible to have NSXMLParser download the data, by passing it a URL, but this is not desirable 

    // because it gives less control over the network, particularly in responding to connection errors. 

    [parser setDelegate:self]; 

    [parser parse]; 

 

    2. 常用的委托方法 

    – (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didStartElement:(NSString *)elementName  

                                namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI 

                                qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName  

                                attributes:(NSDictionary *)attributeDict; 

    – (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString *)elementName  

                                namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI  

                                qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName; 

    – (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser foundCharacters:(NSString *)string; 

    – (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser parseErrorOccurred:(NSError *)parseError; 

 

    static NSString *feedURLString = @”http://www.yifeiyang.net/test/test.xml”; 

 

    3.  应用举例 

    – (void)parseXMLFileAtURL:(NSURL *)URL parseError:(NSError **)error 

    { 

        NSXMLParser *parser = [[NSXMLParser alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:URL]; 

        [parser setDelegate:self]; 

        [parser setShouldProcessNamespaces:NO]; 

        [parser setShouldReportNamespacePrefixes:NO]; 

        [parser setShouldResolveExternalEntities:NO]; 

        [parser parse]; 

        NSError *parseError = [parser parserError]; 

        if (parseError && error) { 

            *error = parseError; 

        } 

        [parser release]; 

    } 

 

    – (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didStartElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI  

                                        qualifiedName:(NSString*)qName attributes:(NSDictionary *)attributeDict{ 

        // 元素开始句柄 

        if (qName) { 

            elementName = qName; 

        } 

        if ([elementName isEqualToString:@”user”]) { 

            // 输出属性值 

            NSLog(@”Name is %@ , Age is %@”, [attributeDict objectForKey:@”name”], [attributeDict objectForKey:@”age”]); 

        } 

    } 

 

    – (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI  

                                        qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName 

    { 

        // 元素终了句柄 

        if (qName) { 

               elementName = qName; 

        } 

    } 

 

    – (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser foundCharacters:(NSString *)string 

    { 

        // 取得元素的text 

    } 

 

    NSError *parseError = nil; 

    [self parseXMLFileAtURL:[NSURL URLWithString:feedURLString] parseError:&parseError];

使用NSOperation和NSOperationQueue启动多线程

在app store中的很多应用程序非常的笨重,他们有好的界面,但操作性很差,比如说当程序从网上或本地载入数据的时候,界面被冻结了,用户只能等程序完全载入数据之后才能进行操作。 

当 打开一个应用程序时,iphone会产生一个包含main方法的线程,所用程序中的界面都是运行在这个线程之中的(table views, tab bars, alerts…),有时候我们会用数据填充这些view,现在问        题是如何有效的载入数据,并且用户还能自如的操作程序。方法是启动新的线 程,专门用于数据的下载,而主线程不会因为下载数据被阻塞。 

不管使用任何编程语言,在实现多线程时都是一件很麻烦的事情。更糟糕的是,一旦出 错,这种错误通常相当糟糕。然而,幸运的是apple从os x10.5在这方面做了很多的改进,NSThread的引入,使得开发多线程应用程序容易多了。除此之外,它们还引入了两个全新的 类,NSOperation和NSOperationQueue。 

接下来我们通过一个实例来剖析如何使用这两个类实现多线程。这里指示展示这两个类的基本用法,当然这不是使用他们的唯一办法。 

如 果你熟悉java或者它的别的变种语言的话 ,你会发现NSOperation对象很像java.lang.Runnable接口,就像java.lang.Runnable接口那 样,NSOperation类也被设计为可扩展的,而且只有一个需要重写的方法。它就是-(void)main。使用NSOperation的最简单的方 式就是把一个NSOperation对象加入到NSOperationQueue队列中,一旦这个对象被加入到队列,队列就开始处理这个对象,直到这个对 象的所有操作完成。然后它被队列释放。 

下面的例子中,使用一个获取网页,并对其解析程NSXMLDocument,最后将解析得到的NSXMLDocument返回给主线程。 

     

[email protected] PageLoadOperation : NSOperation { 

    NSURL *targetURL;} 

@property(retain) NSURL *targetURL; 

– (id)initWithURL:(NSURL*)url;@end 

 

PageLoadOperation.m 

#import “PageLoadOperation.h”#import “AppDelegate.h”@implementation [email protected] targetURL;- (id)initWithURL:(NSURL*)url;{ 

    if (![super init]) return nil; 

    [self setTargetURL:url]; 

    return self;}- (void)dealloc { 

    [targetURL release], targetURL = nil; 

    [super dealloc]; 



– (void)main  



    NSString *webpageString = [[[NSString alloc] 

    initWithContentsOfURL:[self targetURL]] autorelease]; 

    NSError *error = nil; 

    NSXMLDocument *document = [[NSXMLDocument alloc] 

    initWithXMLString:webpageString  

    options:NSXMLDocumentTidyHTML error:&error]; 

    if (!document) { 

        NSLog(@”%s Error loading document (%@): %@”,  

        _cmd, [[self targetURL] absoluteString], error); 

         return; 

    } 

    [[AppDelegate shared] 

    performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(pageLoaded:) 

         withObject:document waitUntilDone:YES]; 

    [document release]; 



@end 

    正 如我们所看到的那样,这个类相当的简单,在它的init方法中接受一个url并保存起来,当main函数被调用的时候,它使用这个保存的url创建一个字 符串,并将这个字符串传递给NSXMLDocumentinit方法。如果加载的xml数据没有出错,数据会被传递给AppDelegate,它处于主线 程中。到此,这个线程的任务就完成了。在主线程中注销操作队列的时候,会将这个NSOperation对象释放。 

AppDelegate.h 

@interface AppDelegate : NSObject { 

    NSOperationQueue *queue; 

}+ (id)shared;- (void)pageLoaded:(NSXMLDocument*)document;@endAppDelegate.m        #import “AppDelegate.h”#import “PageLoadOperation.h”@implementation AppDelegate 

static AppDelegate *shared; 

static NSArray *urlArray; 

– (id)init 



    if (shared) 

    { 

        [self autorelease]; 

        return shared; 

    } 

    if (![super init]) return nil;    NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];[array addObject:@”http://www.google.com”];[array addObject:@”http://www.apple.com”];[array addObject:@”http://www.yahoo.com”];[array addObject:@”http://www.zarrastudios.com”];[array addObject:@”http://www.macosxhints.com”];urlArray = array;    queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];shared = self;return self; 

    } 

    •    (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching: 

    (NSNotification *)aNotification 



        for (NSString *urlString in urlArray)  

        { 

        NSURL *url =  

        [NSURL URLWithString:urlString];        PageLoadOperation *plo =  

        [[PageLoadOperation alloc] initWithURL:url]; 

        [queue addOperation:plo]; 

        [plo release]; 

        } 



– (void)dealloc 



        [queue release], queue = nil; 

        [super dealloc]; 



+ (id)shared; 



        if (!shared) { 

            [[AppDelegate alloc] init]; 

        } 

        return shared; 



– (void)pageLoaded:(NSXMLDocument*)document; 



        NSLog(@”%s Do something with the XMLDocument: %@”, 

             _cmd, document); 



@end 

 

NSOperationQueue的并行控制(NSOperationQueue Concurrency) 

        在 上面这个简单的例子中,我们很难看出这些操作是并行运行的,然而,如果你你的操作花费的时间远远比这里的要长,你将会发现,队列是同时执行这些操作的。幸 运的是,如果你想要为队列限制同时只能运行几个操作,你可以使用NSOperationQueue的 setMaxConcurrentOperationCount:方法。例如,[queue setMaxConcurrentOperationCount:2];

原创文章,作者:奋斗,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/tech/app/5178.html

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