Spring Cloud之Ribbon与Nginx区别详解架构师

客户端负载均衡器

在SpringCloud中Ribbon负载均衡客户端，会从eureka注册中心服务器端上获取服务注册信息列表，缓存到本地。

让后在本地实现轮训负载均衡策略。

Ribbon与Nginx区别

服务器端负载均衡Nginx

nginx是客户端所有请求统一交给nginx，由nginx进行实现负载均衡请求转发，属于服务器端负载均衡。

既请求有nginx服务器端进行转发。

客户端负载均衡Ribbon

Ribbon是从eureka注册中心服务器端上获取服务注册信息列表，缓存到本地，让后在本地实现轮训负载均衡策略。

既在客户端实现负载均衡。

应用场景的区别：

Nginx适合于服务器端实现负载均衡比如Tomcat ，Ribbon适合与在微服务中RPC远程调用实现本地服务负载均衡，比如Dubbo、SpringCloud中都是采用本地负载均衡。

Ribbon是Spring Cloud （本地）客户端负载均衡器

Ribbon底层实现：

Member：

pom：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 
  <groupId>com.toov5</groupId> 
  <artifactId>member</artifactId> 
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> 
   
   
	<parent> 
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> 
		<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version> 
	</parent> 
	<!-- 管理依赖 --> 
	<dependencyManagement> 
		<dependencies> 
			<dependency> 
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> 
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> 
				<version>Finchley.M7</version> 
				<type>pom</type> 
				<scope>import</scope> 
			</dependency> 
		</dependencies> 
	</dependencyManagement> 
	<dependencies> 
		<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 --> 
		<dependency> 
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> 
		</dependency> 
		<!-- SpringBoot整合eureka客户端 --> 
		<dependency> 
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> 
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> 
		</dependency> 
	</dependencies> 
	<!-- 注意： 这里必须要添加， 否者各种依赖有问题 --> 
	<repositories> 
		<repository> 
			<id>spring-milestones</id> 
			<name>Spring Milestones</name> 
			<url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url> 
			<snapshots> 
				<enabled>false</enabled> 
			</snapshots> 
		</repository> 
	</repositories> 
   
</project>

　　yml：

###服务启动端口号 
server: 
  port: 8009 
###服务名称(服务注册到eureka名称)   
spring: 
    application: 
        name: app-toov5-member 
###服务注册到eureka地址 
eureka: 
  client: 
    service-url: 
    ##当前会员注册到eureka服务  地址+端口号  
           defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8100/eureka 
            
###因为该应用为注册中心，不会注册自己 
    register-with-eureka: true 
###是否需要从eureka上获取注册信息 
    fetch-registry: true

Controller类

package com.toov5.api.controller; 
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; 
 
@RestController 
public class MemberApiController { 
    @Value("${server.port}") 
    private String serverPort; 
     
    @RequestMapping("/getMember") 
  public String getMember() { 
        return "会员服务"+serverPort; 
  } 
}

启动类：

package com.toov5.api; 
 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; 
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; 
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; 
 
@SpringBootApplication 
@EnableEurekaClient   //注册到eureka 
public class AppMember { 
    
    public static void main(String[] args) { 
        SpringApplication.run(AppMember.class, args); 
    } 
     
}

Order

Controlller

package com.toov5.api.controller; 
 
import java.util.List; 
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance; 
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; 
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; 
 
//纯手写Ribbon本地负载均衡 
@RestController 
public class ExtRibbonController { 
    @Autowired 
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient; 
    @Autowired 
    private RestTemplate restTemplate; 
    //定义请求数 
    private int reqCount; 
     
@RequestMapping("/ribbonMember")     
   public String ribbonMember() { 
       //互殴去对应服务器远程调用地址 
      String  instanceUrl =  getInstance()+"/getMember"; 
      System.out.println("instanceUrl"+instanceUrl); 
        //直接使用httpclient远程调用。本次使用rest方式 
      String result = restTemplate.getForObject(instanceUrl, String.class);  //底层使用httpclient实现的 
       return result; 
   } 
   private String getInstance() { 
       List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("app-toov5-member"); 
       if (instances==null || instances.size()==0) { 
        return null; 
    } 
       int instanceSize = instances.size(); 
       int serviceIndex = reqCount%instanceSize; 
       reqCount++; 
         
       return instances.get(serviceIndex).getUri().toString(); 
   } 
}

启动类：

package com.toov5.api.controller; 
 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; 
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; 
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; 
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; 
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; 
 
@SpringBootApplication 
@EnableEurekaClient 
public class AppOrder { 
  public static void main(String[] args) { 
    SpringApplication.run(AppOrder.class, args); 
} 
  //解决RestTemplate找不到问题  把restTemplate注册到Spring Boot容器中 
  @Bean 
//  @LoadBalanced   手写的 不要去实现本地负载均衡效果了 
  RestTemplate restTemplate() {   
      return new RestTemplate(); 
  } 
   
}

yml：

###服务启动端口号 
server: 
  port: 8002 
###服务名称(服务注册到eureka名称)   
spring: 
    application: 
        name: app-toov5-order 
###服务注册到eureka地址 
eureka: 
  client: 
    service-url: 
           defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8100/eureka 
 
            
###因为该应用为注册中心，不会注册自己 
    register-with-eureka: true 
###是否需要从eureka上获取注册信息 
    fetch-registry: true

　　pom

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 
  <groupId>com.toov5</groupId> 
  <artifactId>order</artifactId> 
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> 
   
  <parent> 
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> 
		<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version> 
	</parent> 
	<!-- 管理依赖 --> 
	<dependencyManagement> 
		<dependencies> 
			<dependency> 
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> 
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> 
				<version>Finchley.M7</version> 
				<type>pom</type> 
				<scope>import</scope> 
			</dependency> 
		</dependencies> 
	</dependencyManagement> 
	<dependencies> 
		<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 --> 
		<dependency> 
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> 
		</dependency> 
		<!-- SpringBoot整合eureka客户端 --> 
		<dependency> 
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> 
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> 
		</dependency> 
 
	</dependencies> 
	<!-- 注意： 这里必须要添加， 否者各种依赖有问题 --> 
	<repositories> 
		<repository> 
			<id>spring-milestones</id> 
			<name>Spring Milestones</name> 
			<url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url> 
			<snapshots> 
				<enabled>false</enabled> 
			</snapshots> 
		</repository> 
	</repositories> 
</project>

　　Eureka

pom

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 
  <groupId>com.toov5</groupId> 
  <artifactId>SpringCloud-eureka-server</artifactId> 
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> 
  <parent> 
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> 
		<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version> 
	</parent> 
	<!-- 管理依赖 --> 
	<dependencyManagement> 
		<dependencies> 
			<dependency> 
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> 
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> 
				<version>Finchley.M7</version> 
				<type>pom</type> 
				<scope>import</scope> 
			</dependency> 
		</dependencies> 
	</dependencyManagement> 
	<dependencies> 
		<!--SpringCloud eureka-server --> 
		<dependency> 
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> 
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId> 
		</dependency> 
	</dependencies>  
	<!-- 注意： 这里必须要添加， 否者各种依赖有问题 --> 
	<repositories> 
		<repository> 
			<id>spring-milestones</id> 
			<name>Spring Milestones</name> 
			<url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url> 
			<snapshots> 
				<enabled>false</enabled> 
			</snapshots> 
		</repository> 
	</repositories> 
   
</project>

　　yml

###eureka 服务端口号 
server: 
  port: 8100 
###服务注册名称 
eureka: 
  instance: 
  ##注册中心ip地址 
    hostname: 127.0.0.1 
###客户端调用地址 
  client: 
    serviceUrl: 
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/ 
###因为该应用为注册中心，不会注册自己 （集群设为true） 
    register-with-eureka: false 
###因为自己为注册中心 ,不会去在该应用中的检测服务  
    fetch-registry: false

package com.toov5; 
 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; 
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; 
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer; 
 
@EnableEurekaServer   //开启注册中心 
@SpringBootApplication  
public class AppEureka { 
   
     public static void main(String[] args) { 
           SpringApplication.run(AppEureka.class, args); 
    } 
     
}

启动访问：

原创文章，作者：奋斗，如若转载，请注明出处：https://blog.ytso.com/tech/architecture/7070.html