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                            <h1 class="entry-title">如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 中启动到救援模式或紧急模式</h1>
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                                                                <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-05-18T06:01:43+08:00" pubdate>
                                    2022年5月18日 06:01                                </time>
                                <span class="dot">•</span>
                                <a href="https://blog.ytso.com/category/tech/pnotes" rel="category tag">编程笔记</a>                                                            </div>
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                            <div id="toc">
<p class="toc-title"><strong>文章目录</strong><span class="toc-controller toc-controller-show">[隐藏]</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toc-level3"><a href="#toc_1">什么是救援模式？</a></li>
<li class="toc-level3"><a href="#toc_2">什么是紧急模式？</a></li>
<li class="toc-level3"><a href="#toc_3">在 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 中进入救援模式</a></li>
<li class="toc-level3"><a href="#toc_4">启动到紧急模式</a></li>
<li class="toc-level3"><a href="#toc_5">在救援模式和紧急模式之间切换</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>正如你可能已经知道的那样，<strong>运行级别</strong> 在许多最近的 Linux 发行版（如 RHEL 7 和 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS）中被 <strong>systemd 的目标</strong> 替换。有关它们的更多详细信息，请参阅<a href="https://www.ostechnix.com/check-runlevel-linux/">这个指南</a>。在这个简短的教程中，我们将看到如何启动<strong>救援模式</strong>以及<strong>紧急模式</strong>。本指南在 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 中进行了测试，但是下面给出的步骤适用于大多数使用 systemd 作为默认服务管理器的 Linux 发行版。在进一步讨论之前，让我澄清什么是救援模式和紧急模式以及这两种模式的目的是什么。</p>
<h3 id="toc_1">什么是救援模式？</h3>
<p><strong>救援模式</strong>相当于使用 <strong>SysV</strong> 作为默认的服务管理器的 Linux 发行版中的 <strong>单用户模式</strong>。在救援模式下，将挂载所有本地文件系统，仅启动一些重要服务。但是，不会启动正常服务（例如网络服务）。救援模式在系统无法正常启动的情况下很有用。此外，我们可以在救援模式下执行一些重要的救援操作，例如<a href="https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-reset-or-recover-root-user-password-in-linux/">重置 root 密码</a>。</p>
<h3 id="toc_2">什么是紧急模式？</h3>
<p>与救援模式相比，在<strong>紧急模式</strong>中不启动任何东西。没有服务启动、没有挂载点、没有建立套接字，什么也没有。你所拥有的只是一个<strong>原始的 shell</strong>。紧急模式适用于调试目的。</p>
<h3 id="toc_3">在 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 中进入救援模式</h3>
<p>启动你的 Ubuntu 系统。出现 Grub 菜单时，选择第一条并按下 <code>e</code> 进行编辑。</p>
<p><noscript><img decoding="async" src="http://ytso-blog-oss-img.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/17/20220517144445202.png" alt="如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 中启动到救援模式或紧急模式" /></noscript><img decoding="async" class="j-lazy" src="https://blog.ytso.com/wp-content/themes/justnews/themer/assets/images/lazy.png" data-original="http://ytso-blog-oss-img.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/17/20220517144445202.png" alt="如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 中启动到救援模式或紧急模式" /></p>
<p>如果你没有看到 Grub 菜单，只需在 BIOS 的 logo 消失后立即按下 <code>ESC</code> 键。</p>
<p>找到以单词 <code>linux</code> 开头的行，并在该行的末尾添加以下内容（要到达末尾，只需按下 <code>CTRL+e</code> 或使用 <code>END</code> 键或左右箭头键）：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint linenums"><code>systemd.unit=rescue.target</code></pre>
<p><noscript><img decoding="async" src="http://ytso-blog-oss-img.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/17/20220517144445725.png" alt="如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 中启动到救援模式或紧急模式" /></noscript><img decoding="async" class="j-lazy" src="https://blog.ytso.com/wp-content/themes/justnews/themer/assets/images/lazy.png" data-original="http://ytso-blog-oss-img.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/17/20220517144445725.png" alt="如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 中启动到救援模式或紧急模式" /></p>
<p>添加完成后，只需按下 <code>CTRL+x</code> 或 <code>F10</code> 即可继续启动救援模式。几秒钟后，你将以 root 用户身份进入救援模式（单用户模式）。以下是 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 服务器版中救援模式的样子：</p>
<p><noscript><img decoding="async" src="http://ytso-blog-oss-img.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/17/20220517144445894.png" alt="如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 中启动到救援模式或紧急模式" /></noscript><img decoding="async" class="j-lazy" src="https://blog.ytso.com/wp-content/themes/justnews/themer/assets/images/lazy.png" data-original="http://ytso-blog-oss-img.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/17/20220517144445894.png" alt="如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 中启动到救援模式或紧急模式" /></p>
<p>接下来，输入以下命令将根 （<code>/</code>） 文件系统重新挂载成读/写模式。</p>
<pre class="prettyprint linenums"><code>mount -n -o remount,rw /</code></pre>
<h3 id="toc_4">启动到紧急模式</h3>
<p>将 Ubuntu 引导到紧急模式与上述方法相同。你只需在编辑 Grub 菜单时将 <code>systemd.unit=rescue.target</code> 替换为 <code>systemd.unit=emergency.target</code> 即可。</p>
<p><noscript><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" src="http://ytso-blog-oss-img.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/17/20220517144445373.png" alt="如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 中启动到救援模式或紧急模式" width="720" height="397" /></noscript><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="j-lazy" src="https://blog.ytso.com/wp-content/themes/justnews/themer/assets/images/lazy.png" data-original="http://ytso-blog-oss-img.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/17/20220517144445373.png" alt="如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 中启动到救援模式或紧急模式" width="720" height="397" /></p>
<p>添加 <code>systemd.unit=emergency.target</code> 后，按下 <code>Ctrl+x</code> 或 <code>F10</code> 继续启动到紧急模式。</p>
<p><noscript><img decoding="async" src="http://ytso-blog-oss-img.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/17/20220517144446985.png" alt="如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 中启动到救援模式或紧急模式" /></noscript><img decoding="async" class="j-lazy" src="https://blog.ytso.com/wp-content/themes/justnews/themer/assets/images/lazy.png" data-original="http://ytso-blog-oss-img.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/17/20220517144446985.png" alt="如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 中启动到救援模式或紧急模式" /></p>
<p>最后，你可以使用以下命令将根文件系统重新挂载成读/写模式：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint linenums"><code>mount -n -o remount,rw /</code></pre>
<h3 id="toc_5">在救援模式和紧急模式之间切换</h3>
<p>如果你处于救援模式，则不必像上面提到的那样编辑 Grub 条目。相反，只需输入以下命令即可立即切换到紧急模式：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint linenums"><code>systemctl emergency</code></pre>
<p>同样，要从紧急模式切换到救援模式，请输入：</p>
<pre class="prettyprint linenums"><code>systemctl rescue</code></pre>
<p>你现在知道了什么是救援模式和紧急模式以及如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 中启动这些模式。就像我已经提到的，这里提供的步骤将适用于许多使用 systemd 的 Linux 版本。</p>
<p>就是这些了。希望这篇文章有用。</p>
<p>还有更多好东西。敬请期待！</p>
<p>干杯！</p>
<hr />
<p>via: <a href="https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-boot-into-rescue-mode-or-emergency-mode-in-ubuntu-18-04/">https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-boot-into-rescue-mode-or-emergency-mode-in-ubuntu-18-04/</a></p>
<p>作者：<a href="https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/">SK</a> 选题：<a href="https://github.com/lujun9972">lujun9972</a> 译者：<a href="https://github.com/geekpi">geekpi</a> 校对：<a href="https://github.com/wxy">wxy</a></p>
<p>本文由 <a href="https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject">LCTT</a> 原创编译，<a href="https://linux.cn/">Linux中国</a> 荣誉推出</p>
<section><noscript><img decoding="async" style="width:24px;height: 24px;float: right;" alt="如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 中启动到救援模式或紧急模式" src="http://ytso-blog-oss-img.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/17/20220517144446904.svg"></noscript><img decoding="async" style="width:24px;height: 24px;float: right;" class="j-lazy" alt="如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 中启动到救援模式或紧急模式" src="https://blog.ytso.com/wp-content/themes/justnews/themer/assets/images/lazy.png" data-original="http://ytso-blog-oss-img.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/17/20220517144446904.svg"><br class="clear"></section>
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