import os
# 读取真实标签文件列表，不含文件后缀
path_A = './ground-truth'
set_A = set (i.split('.')[0] for i in os.listdir(path_A))
print(path_A ,"files:", len(set_A))
# 读取检测结果文件列表，不含文件后缀
path_B = './detection-results'
set_B = set (i.split('.')[0] for i in os.listdir(path_B))
print(path_B, "files:", len(set_B))
# 删除两个文件夹中不同的文件
for i in set_A - set_B: os.remove(os.path.join(path_A, i + '.xml'))
for i in set_B - set_A: os.remove(os.path.join(path_B, i + '.txt'))
参考：
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_62273462/article/details/125930482
https://blog.csdn.net/hxc0520/article/details/121394790
原创文章，作者：ItWorker，如若转载，请注明出处：https://blog.ytso.com/tech/python/280845.html