springmvc+maven框架介绍详解编程语言

maven搭建springmvc框架介绍:

pom.xml文件:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> 
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 
  <groupId>com.somnus</groupId> 
  <artifactId>SpringMVC</artifactId> 
  <packaging>war</packaging> 
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> 
  <name>SpringMVC Maven Webapp</name> 
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> 
 <properties> 
	<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> 
	</properties> 
  <!-- 指定Maven仓库 --> 
	<repositories> 
		<!-- oschina的maven仓库 --> 
		<repository> 
			<id>oschinaRepository</id> 
			<name>local private nexus</name> 
			<url>http://maven.wozsz.com/content/groups/public/</url> 
			<releases> 
				<enabled>true</enabled> 
			</releases> 
			<snapshots> 
				<enabled>true</enabled> 
			</snapshots> 
		</repository> 
	</repositories> 
   
  <!-- maven依赖包的书写是有顺序的,请不要更改下面dependency的顺序,避免造成JAR包冲突 --> 
  <dependencies> 
  	 <!-- servlet & jsp --> 
	<dependency> 
		<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 
		<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> 
		<version>2.5</version> 
		<scope>provided</scope> 
	</dependency> 
	<dependency> 
		<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 
		<artifactId>jstl</artifactId> 
		<version>1.2</version> 
	</dependency> 
	<dependency> 
		<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> 
		<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> 
		<version>2.2</version> 
		<scope>provided</scope> 
	</dependency> 
	<!-- 加入springmvc依赖包 --> 
	<dependency> 
		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
		<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> 
		<version>3.2.5.RELEASE</version> 
	</dependency> 
	<!-- xml --> 
	<dependency> 
		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
		<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId> 
		<version>3.2.5.RELEASE</version> 
	</dependency> 
    <dependency> 
           <groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId> 
           <artifactId>xstream</artifactId> 
           <version>1.4.7</version> 
    </dependency> 
	<!-- 加入fileupload依赖包 --> 
	<dependency> 
		<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> 
		<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> 
		<version>1.3.1</version> 
	</dependency> 
	<!-- jackson --> 
	<dependency> 
		<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> 
		<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> 
		<version>2.2.3</version> 
	</dependency> 
	<!-- bean validator --> 
	<dependency> 
		<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> 
		<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> 
		<version>4.3.2.Final</version> 
	</dependency> 
	<!-- alibaba json --> 
	<dependency> 
   		<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> 
   		<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> 
   		<version>1.2.16</version> 
	</dependency> 
  </dependencies> 
   
  <build> 
    <finalName>SpringMVC</finalName> 
    <plugins> 
    	<plugin> 
			<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> 
			<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> 
			<configuration> 
				<target>1.7</target> 
				<resource>1.7</resource> 
				<encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding> 
			</configuration> 
		</plugin> 
    	 
    	<!-- 配置maven集成jetty和tomcat插件 --> 
    	<plugin> 
			<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId> 
			<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId> 
			<version>8.1.9.v20130131</version> 
			<configuration> 
				<webAppConfig> 
					<contextPath>/${project.build.finalName}</contextPath> 
				</webAppConfig> 
				<scanIntervalSeconds>5</scanIntervalSeconds> 
				<!-- 设置端口号为8095默认为8080 --> 
				<connectors> 
					<connector implementation="org.eclipse.jetty.server.nio.SelectChannelConnector"> 
						<port>8095</port> 
                        <maxIdleTime>60000</maxIdleTime> 
					</connector> 
				</connectors> 
				<!-- 设置停止启动端口号9966 --> 
				<stopKey>shutdown</stopKey> 
				<stopPort>9966</stopPort> 
			</configuration> 
		</plugin> 
			 
		<plugin> 
			<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> 
			<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> 
			<version>2.2</version> 
			<configuration> 
				<path>/${project.build.finalName}</path> 
				<port>8080</port> 
				<uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding> 
				<finalName>${project.build.finalName}</finalName> 
				<server>tomcat7</server> 
			</configuration> 
		</plugin>	 
		 
    </plugins> 
  </build> 
</project> 

web.xml文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee  
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"> 
 
  <display-name>SpringMVC</display-name> 
   
  <!--字符过滤器及编码utf-8--> 
  <filter> 
  	<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> 
  	<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> 
  	<init-param> 
  		<param-name>encoding</param-name> 
  		<param-value>UTF-8</param-value> 
  	</init-param> 
  	<init-param> 
  		<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> 
  		<param-value>true</param-value> 
  	</init-param> 
  </filter> 
  <filter-mapping> 
  	<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> 
  	<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> 
  </filter-mapping> 
  <servlet> 
  	<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> 
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> 
    <!-- <init-param>   
    	<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>   
    	<param-value>classpath:/spring-servlet.xml</param-value>   
	</init-param> --> 
	<!-- 不写,使用默认值:/WEB-INF/[servlet-name]-servlet.xml --> 
	<!-- <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/spring-servlet.xml</param-value> --> 
	<!-- <param-value>classpath:/spring-servlet.xml</param-value> --> 
  	<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 
  </servlet> 
  <servlet-mapping> 
  	<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> 
  	<url-pattern>/</url-pattern> 
  </servlet-mapping> 
   
  <welcome-file-list> 
		<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> 
	</welcome-file-list> 
</web-app> 

我们在学SpringMVC的时候都知道,它需要一个spring配置文件,用来初始化SpringMVC子容器,既可以指定也可以不指定文件位置。

如果不指定,如上面所配置,那么org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet会从默认位置(/WEB-INF/[servlet-name]-servlet.xml)加载,也就是/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml。如下截图:

springmvc+maven框架介绍详解编程语言

如果需要指定呢,比如需要把spring配置文件放在src/main/resources中呢,如下图:

springmvc+maven框架介绍详解编程语言

则配置方式如下:

<servlet> 
    <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> 
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> 
    <init-param>   
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>   
        <param-value>classpath:/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>   
    </init-param> 
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 
</servlet>

springmvc的请求路径url后缀:

方式一:

<servlet-mapping> 
    <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> 
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> 
</servlet-mapping>

方式二:

<servlet-mapping> 
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> 
    <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern> 
</servlet-mapping> 
<servlet-mapping> 
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> 
    <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> 
</servlet-mapping> 
<servlet-mapping> 
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> 
   <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> 
</servlet-mapping>

它们有什么区别呢,以及在开发中注意的地方:

方式一:任意路径都会被映射,能够被org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet处理

方式二:只有指定的路径才会被处理,如html、action、do结尾

两种方式其实任意一种都可以,但是使用方式二静态资源文件(js、css、images、plugins、fonts)就不能放在WEB-INF里面,只能放在webapp里面,因为映射里没有包含静态文件的路径。方式一就没问题,但是需要在springmvc配置文件中做静态资源映射。

方式一静态资源文件存放如下截图:

springmvc+maven框架介绍详解编程语言

方式二静态资源文件存放如下截图:

springmvc+maven框架介绍详解编程语言

方式一需要在springmvc配置文件中做静态资源映射如下:

spring-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 
    xsi:schemaLocation=" 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> 
         
	<!-- 启动注解驱动的Spring MVC功能,注册请求url和注解POJO类方法的映射--><!-- <mvc:annotation-driven /> --> 
    <mvc:annotation-driven validator="validator" conversion-service="conversion-service" /> 
     
    <bean id="validator" class="org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean"> 
        <property name="providerClass"  value="org.hibernate.validator.HibernateValidator"/> 
        <!--不设置则默认为classpath下的 ValidationMessages.properties --> 
        <property name="validationMessageSource" ref="validatemessageSource"/> 
    </bean> 
    <bean id="conversion-service" class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean" /> 
    <bean id="validatemessageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource">   
        <property name="basename" value="classpath:message/validatemessages"/>   
        <property name="fileEncodings" value="utf-8"/>   
        <property name="cacheSeconds" value="120"/>   
	</bean>  
       
    <!-- 如果当前请求为"/"时,则转发到“/helloworld/index" --> 
    <mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="forward:/helloworld/index"/>  
    <!-- 静态资源映射 --> 
    <mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/WEB-INF/js/" /> 
    <mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/WEB-INF/css/" /> 
    <mvc:resources mapping="/fonts/**" location="/WEB-INF/fonts/" /> 
    <mvc:resources mapping="/plugins/**" location="/WEB-INF/plugins/" /> 
    <mvc:resources mapping="images/**" location="/WEB-INF/images/" /> 
    <!-- 当上面要访问的静态资源不包括在上面的配置中时,则根据此配置来访问 --> 
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> 
 
	<!-- 开启controller注解支持 --> 
    <!-- use-default-filters="false" 只扫描指定的注解 --> 
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.somnus.controller" use-default-filters="false"> 
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> 
    </context:component-scan> 
	 
    <!-- 视图解析器 --> 
    <!-- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> 
       <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/> 
       <property name="contentType" value="text/html"/>         
       <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/> 
       <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> 
    </bean> --> 
    <!-- 视图解析器 --> 
	<bean id="viewResolver" 
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver"> 
		<property name="mediaTypes"> 
			<map> 
				<entry key="html" value="text/html" /> 
				<entry key="json" value="application/json" /> 
				<entry key="xml" value="application/xml" /> 
			</map> 
		</property> 
		<property name="viewResolvers"> 
			<list> 
				<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> 
					<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" /> 
					<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> 
				</bean> 
			</list> 
		</property> 
		<property name="defaultViews"> 
			<list> 
				<!-- 不加配置返回 {"account":{"username":"admin","password":"123456"}} --> 
				<!-- 加配置返回 {"username":"admin","password":"123456"}--> 
				<!--视图解析器解析json数据--> 
				<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView"> 
					<property name="extractValueFromSingleKeyModel" value="true" />  
				</bean> 
				<!--视图解析器解析xml数据--> 
				<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.xml.MarshallingView">  
                    <property name="marshaller">  
                        <bean class="org.springframework.oxm.xstream.XStreamMarshaller"/>  
                    </property>  
                </bean>  
			</list> 
		</property> 
	</bean> 
     
    <!-- 支持上传文件 -->   
    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">   
	    <!-- 设置上传文件的最大尺寸为1MB -->   
	    <property name="maxUploadSize">   
	        <value>1048576</value>   
	    </property> 
	    <property name="defaultEncoding">  
			<value>UTF-8</value>  
		</property> 
    </bean> 
     
    <mvc:interceptors> 
    	<mvc:interceptor> 
    		<mvc:mapping path="/helloworld/*"/> 
    		<!-- 如果不定义 mvc:mapping path 将拦截所有的URL请求 --> 
        	<bean class="com.somnus.interceptor.AuthInterceptor"></bean> 
    	</mvc:interceptor>  
        <!-- 国际化操作拦截器 如果采用基于(请求/Session/Cookie)则必需配置 -->  
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.LocaleChangeInterceptor" />   
    </mvc:interceptors> 
     
    <!-- ################################################################ --> 
    <!--    注意:当spring-servlet.xml中使用<mvc:annotation-driven/>时,                               --> 
    <!--    如果是3.1之前已经默认注入AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter,                                                 --> 
    <!--    3.1之后默认注入RequestMappingHandlerAdapter只需加上相关jackson的jar包即可! --> 
    <!-- ################################################################ --> 
     
    <!-- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter">   
        <property name="messageConverters">   
            <list>   
                <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"/>   
            </list>   
        </property>   
    </bean> --> 
     
</beans> 

开启注解映射支持,它是为了简化配置的缩写形式,它相当于以下2个配置:

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"/> 
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"/>

由于我们在web.xml文件里面配置的是拦截所有的请求到该servlet,所以我们在这里要对静态资源文件映射作一下配置,否则请求这些资源文件会返回
404

<!-- 静态资源映射 -->   
<mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/WEB-INF/js/" />   
<mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/WEB-INF/css/" />   
<mvc:resources mapping="/fonts/**" location="/WEB-INF/fonts/" />   
<mvc:resources mapping="/plugins/**" location="/WEB-INF/plugins/" />   
<mvc:resources mapping="images/**" location="/WEB-INF/images/" />   
<!-- 当上面要访问的静态资源不包括在上面的配置中时,则根据此配置来访问 -->   
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/> 

开启Controller注解支持,并配置只扫描指定包下面的Controller:

<context:component-scan base-package="com.demo.web.controllers" use-default-filters="false">   
    <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>   
</context:component-scan> 

配置视图解析器,并指定视图所在的文件夹:

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">   
   <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>   
   <property name="contentType" value="text/html"/>           
   <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>   
   <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>   
</bean> 

springmvc数据绑定注解:

1.@RequestParam,绑定单个请求数据,可以是URL中的数据,表单提交的数据或上传的文件;

(经常使用如在请求的url中带参数url:basePath+’/SpringMVC/databand/queryByName.do?name=’+name

    后台接受参数方法:public String queryByName(@RequestParam(‘name’) String name){}


2.@PathVariable,绑定URL模板变量值;
3.@CookieValue,绑定Cookie数据;
4.@RequestHeader,绑定请求头数据;
5.@ModelAttribute,绑定数据到Model;
6.@SessionAttributes,绑定数据到Session;
7.@RequestBody,用来处理Content-Type不是application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码的内容,例如application/json, application/xml等;
8.@RequestPart,绑定“multipart/data”数据,并可以根据数据类型进项对象转换;

备注:

[email protected][email protected]
@RequestParam(value=”username”, required=true, defaultValue=”AAA”)。
value表示要绑定请求中参数的名字;
required表示请求中是否必须有这个参数,默认为true这是如果请求中没有要绑定的参数则返回404;
defaultValue表示如果请求中指定的参数值为空时的默认值;
要绑定的参数如果是值类型必须要有值否则抛异常,如果是引用类型则默认为null(Boolean除外,默认为false);
[email protected] [email protected]如下:

@RequestMapping(value="/modelautobind", method = {RequestMethod.POST})   
public String modelAutoBind(HttpServletRequest request, Model model, AccountModel accountModel){   
    model.addAttribute("accountmodel", accountModel);   
    return "modelautobindresult";   
} 

[email protected] 我们可以更简单的讲数据添加到Model中,把上面的代码修改为:

@RequestMapping(value="/modelautobind", method = {RequestMethod.POST})   
public String modelAutoBind(HttpServletRequest request, @ModelAttribute("accountmodel") AccountModel accountModel){   
    return "modelautobindresult";   
} 

[email protected][email protected]ncoded请求中的内容转换为指定的对象,如请求类型content-type为“application/json”,[email protected],@[email protected],他把指定的对象转换为合适的内容(请求头为Accept:application/json 则返回json数据)并返回。
注意Spring默认解析json用的是Jackson,让实体类继承Serializable接口并添加一个空的构造函数(为了Jackson做转换)。

原创文章,作者:Maggie-Hunter,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/11197.html

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