javaweb学习总结(十四)——JSP原理详解编程语言

一、什么是JSP?

  JSP全称是Java Server Pages,它和servle技术一样,都是SUN公司定义的一种用于开发动态web资源的技术。
  JSP这门技术的最大的特点在于,写jsp就像在写html,但它相比html而言,html只能为用户提供静态数据,而Jsp技术允许在页面中嵌套java代码,为用户提供动态数据。

二、JSP原理

2.1、Web服务器是如何调用并执行一个jsp页面的?

  浏览器向服务器发请求,不管访问的是什么资源,其实都是在访问Servlet,所以当访问一个jsp页面时,其实也是在访问一个Servlet,服务器在执行jsp的时候,首先把jsp翻译成一个Servlet,所以我们访问jsp时,其实不是在访问jsp,而是在访问jsp翻译过后的那个Servlet,例如下面的代码:

index.jsp

 1 <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 
 2 <% 
 3 String path = request.getContextPath(); 
 4 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; 
 5 %> 
 6  
 7 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> 
 8 <html> 
 9   <head> 
10     <base href="<%=basePath%>"> 
11      
12     <title>First Jsp</title> 
13      
14   </head> 
15    
16   <body> 
17     <% 
18         out.print("Hello Jsp"); 
19     %> 
20   </body> 
21 </html>

  当我们通过浏览器访问index.jsp时,服务器首先将index.jsp翻译成一个index_jsp.class,在Tomcat服务器的work/Catalina/localhost/项目名/org/apache/jsp目录下可以看到index_jsp.class的源代码文件index_jsp.java,index_jsp.java的代码如下:

 1 package org.apache.jsp; 
 2  
 3 import javax.servlet.*; 
 4 import javax.servlet.http.*; 
 5 import javax.servlet.jsp.*; 
 6 import java.util.*; 
 7  
 8 public final class index_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase 
 9     implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent { 
10  
11   private static final JspFactory _jspxFactory = JspFactory.getDefaultFactory(); 
12  
13   private static java.util.List _jspx_dependants; 
14  
15   private javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory; 
16   private org.apache.AnnotationProcessor _jsp_annotationprocessor; 
17  
18   public Object getDependants() { 
19     return _jspx_dependants; 
20   } 
21  
22   public void _jspInit() { 
23     _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory(); 
24     _jsp_annotationprocessor = (org.apache.AnnotationProcessor) getServletConfig().getServletContext().getAttribute(org.apache.AnnotationProcessor.class.getName()); 
25   } 
26  
27   public void _jspDestroy() { 
28   } 
29  
30   public void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
31         throws java.io.IOException, ServletException { 
32  
33     PageContext pageContext = null; 
34     HttpSession session = null; 
35     ServletContext application = null; 
36     ServletConfig config = null; 
37     JspWriter out = null; 
38     Object page = this; 
39     JspWriter _jspx_out = null; 
40     PageContext _jspx_page_context = null; 
41  
42  
43     try { 
44       response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8"); 
45       pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response, 
46                   null, true, 8192, true); 
47       _jspx_page_context = pageContext; 
48       application = pageContext.getServletContext(); 
49       config = pageContext.getServletConfig(); 
50       session = pageContext.getSession(); 
51       out = pageContext.getOut(); 
52       _jspx_out = out; 
53  
54       out.write('/r'); 
55       out.write('/n'); 
56  
57 String path = request.getContextPath(); 
58 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; 
59  
60       out.write("/r/n"); 
61       out.write("/r/n"); 
62       out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC /"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN/">/r/n"); 
63       out.write("<html>/r/n"); 
64       out.write("  <head>/r/n"); 
65       out.write("    <base href=/""); 
66       out.print(basePath); 
67       out.write("/">/r/n"); 
68       out.write("    /r/n"); 
69       out.write("    <title>First Jsp</title>/r/n"); 
70       out.write("/t/r/n"); 
71       out.write("  </head>/r/n"); 
72       out.write("  /r/n"); 
73       out.write("  <body>/r/n"); 
74       out.write("    "); 
75  
76         out.print("Hello Jsp"); 
77      
78       out.write("/r/n"); 
79       out.write("  </body>/r/n"); 
80       out.write("</html>/r/n"); 
81     } catch (Throwable t) { 
82       if (!(t instanceof SkipPageException)){ 
83         out = _jspx_out; 
84         if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0) 
85           try { out.clearBuffer(); } catch (java.io.IOException e) {} 
86         if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t); 
87       } 
88     } finally { 
89       _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context); 
90     } 
91   } 
92 }

  我们可以看到,index_jsp这个类是继承 org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase这个类的,通过查看Tomcat服务器的源代码,可以知道在apache-tomcat-6.0.20-src/java/org/apache/jasper/runtime目录下存HttpJspBase这个类的源代码文件,如下图所示:

  javaweb学习总结(十四)——JSP原理详解编程语言

我们可以看看HttpJsBase这个类的源代码,如下所示:

 1 /* 
 2  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 
 3  * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with 
 4  * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. 
 5  * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 
 6  * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with 
 7  * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at 
 8  *  
 9  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
10  *  
11  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
12  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
13  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 
14  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 
15  * limitations under the License. 
16  */ 
17  
18 package org.apache.jasper.runtime; 
19  
20 import java.io.IOException; 
21  
22 import javax.servlet.ServletConfig; 
23 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 
24 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 
25 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 
26 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 
27 import javax.servlet.jsp.HttpJspPage; 
28 import javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory; 
29  
30 import org.apache.jasper.compiler.Localizer; 
31  
32 /** 
33  * This is the super class of all JSP-generated servlets. 
34  * 
35  * @author Anil K. Vijendran 
36  */ 
37 public abstract class HttpJspBase  
38     extends HttpServlet  
39     implements HttpJspPage  
40          
41      
42 { 
43      
44     protected HttpJspBase() { 
45     } 
46  
47     public final void init(ServletConfig config)  
48     throws ServletException  
49     { 
50         super.init(config); 
51     jspInit(); 
52         _jspInit(); 
53     } 
54      
55     public String getServletInfo() { 
56     return Localizer.getMessage("jsp.engine.info"); 
57     } 
58  
59     public final void destroy() { 
60     jspDestroy(); 
61     _jspDestroy(); 
62     } 
63  
64     /** 
65      * Entry point into service. 
66      */ 
67     public final void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  
68     throws ServletException, IOException  
69     { 
70         _jspService(request, response); 
71     } 
72      
73     public void jspInit() { 
74     } 
75  
76     public void _jspInit() { 
77     } 
78  
79     public void jspDestroy() { 
80     } 
81  
82     protected void _jspDestroy() { 
83     } 
84  
85     public abstract void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request,  
86                      HttpServletResponse response)  
87     throws ServletException, IOException; 
88 }

  HttpJspBase类是继承HttpServlet的,所以HttpJspBase类是一个Servlet,而index_jsp又是继承HttpJspBase类的,所以index_jsp类也是一个Servlet,所以当浏览器访问服务器上的index.jsp页面时,其实就是在访问index_jsp这个Servlet,index_jsp这个Servlet使用_jspService这个方法处理请求。

2.2、Jsp页面中的html排版标签是如何被发送到客户端的?

浏览器接收到的这些数据

 1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> 
 2 <html> 
 3   <head> 
 4     <base href="http://localhost:8080/JavaWeb_Jsp_Study_20140603/"> 
 5      
 6     <title>First Jsp</title> 
 7      
 8   </head> 
 9    
10   <body> 
11     Hello Jsp 
12   </body> 
13 </html>

都是在_jspService方法中使用如下的代码输出给浏览器的:

 1 out.write('/r'); 
 2       out.write('/n'); 
 3  
 4 String path = request.getContextPath(); 
 5 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; 
 6  
 7       out.write("/r/n"); 
 8       out.write("/r/n"); 
 9       out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC /"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN/">/r/n"); 
10       out.write("<html>/r/n"); 
11       out.write("  <head>/r/n"); 
12       out.write("    <base href=/""); 
13       out.print(basePath); 
14       out.write("/">/r/n"); 
15       out.write("    /r/n"); 
16       out.write("    <title>First Jsp</title>/r/n"); 
17       out.write("/t/r/n"); 
18       out.write("  </head>/r/n"); 
19       out.write("  /r/n"); 
20       out.write("  <body>/r/n"); 
21       out.write("    "); 
22  
23         out.print("Hello Jsp"); 
24      
25       out.write("/r/n"); 
26       out.write("  </body>/r/n"); 
27       out.write("</html>/r/n");

  在jsp中编写的java代码和html代码都会被翻译到_jspService方法中去,在jsp中编写的java代码会原封不动地翻译成java代码,如<%out.print(“Hello Jsp”);%>直接翻译成out.print(“Hello Jsp”);,而HTML代码则会翻译成使用out.write(“<html标签>/r/n”);的形式输出到浏览器。在jsp页面中编写的html排版标签都是以out.write(“<html标签>/r/n”);的形式输出到浏览器,浏览器拿到html代码后才能够解析执行html代码。

2.3、Jsp页面中的java代码服务器是如何执行的?

  在jsp中编写的java代码会被翻译到_jspService方法中去,当执行_jspService方法处理请求时,就会执行在jsp编写的java代码了,所以Jsp页面中的java代码服务器是通过调用_jspService方法处理请求时执行的。

2.4、Web服务器在调用jsp时,会给jsp提供一些什么java对象?

  查看_jspService方法可以看到,Web服务器在调用jsp时,会给Jsp提供如下的8个java对象

1 PageContext pageContext; 
2 HttpSession session; 
3 ServletContext application; 
4 ServletConfig config; 
5 JspWriter out; 
6 Object page = this; 
7 HttpServletRequest request,  
8 HttpServletResponse response

  其中page对象,request和response已经完成了实例化,而其它5个没有实例化的对象通过下面的方式实例化

1 pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,null, true, 8192, true); 
2 application = pageContext.getServletContext(); 
3 config = pageContext.getServletConfig(); 
4 session = pageContext.getSession(); 
5 out = pageContext.getOut();

 这8个java对象在Jsp页面中是可以直接使用的,如下所示:

 1 <% 
 2         session.setAttribute("name", "session对象");//使用session对象,设置session对象的属性 
 3         out.print(session.getAttribute("name")+"<br/>");//获取session对象的属性 
 4         pageContext.setAttribute("name", "pageContext对象");//使用pageContext对象,设置pageContext对象的属性 
 5         out.print(pageContext.getAttribute("name")+"<br/>");//获取pageContext对象的属性 
 6         application.setAttribute("name", "application对象");//使用application对象,设置application对象的属性 
 7         out.print(application.getAttribute("name")+"<br/>");//获取application对象的属性 
 8         out.print("Hello Jsp"+"<br/>");//使用out对象 
 9         out.print("服务器调用index.jsp页面时翻译成的类的名字是:"+page.getClass()+"<br/>");//使用page对象 
10         out.print("处理请求的Servlet的名字是:"+config.getServletName()+"<br/>");//使用config对象 
11         out.print(response.getContentType()+"<br/>");//使用response对象 
12         out.print(request.getContextPath()+"<br/>");//使用request对象 
13 %>

运行结果如下:

  javaweb学习总结(十四)——JSP原理详解编程语言

2.5、Jsp最佳实践

  Jsp最佳实践就是jsp技术在开发中该怎么去用。

  不管是JSP还是Servlet,虽然都可以用于开发动态web资源。但由于这2门技术各自的特点,在长期的软件实践中,人们逐渐把servlet作为web应用中的控制器组件来使用,而把JSP技术作为数据显示模板来使用。其原因为,程序的数据通常要美化后再输出:让jsp既用java代码产生动态数据,又做美化会导致页面难以维护。让servlet既产生数据,又在里面嵌套html代码美化数据,同样也会导致程序可读性差,难以维护。因此最好的办法就是根据这两门技术的特点,让它们各自负责各的,servlet只负责响应请求产生数据,并把数据通过转发技术带给jsp,数据的显示jsp来做。

2.6、Tomcat服务器的执行流程

  javaweb学习总结(十四)——JSP原理详解编程语言

第一次执行:

  1. 客户端通过电脑连接服务器,因为是请求是动态的,所以所有的请求交给WEB容器来处理
  2. 在容器中找到需要执行的*.jsp文件
  3. 之后*.jsp文件通过转换变为*.java文件
  4. *.java文件经过编译后,形成*.class文件
  5. 最终服务器要执行形成的*.class文件

第二次执行:

  1. 因为已经存在了*.class文件,所以不在需要转换和编译的过程

修改后执行:

       1.源文件已经被修改过了,所以需要重新转换,重新编译。

原创文章,作者:ItWorker,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/11393.html

(0)
上一篇 2021年7月19日
下一篇 2021年7月19日

相关推荐

发表回复

登录后才能评论