一直以来对Hyper-V Linux虚拟主机的磁盘扩容困扰,今天将介绍如何利用 fdisk 和 resize2fs 进行数据磁盘扩容。
情况说明:
宿主机系统:Windwos Server 2012 R2 Hyper-V
虚拟主机:CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
平时接触Hyper-V较多,所以对磁盘扩容那是常有的事。Windwos磁盘扩容最简单,本文就不多介绍了。
今天我将以Centos虚拟主机进行演示,该小机分为两块磁盘(都是独立磁盘),一块是系统盘/dev/sda,另一块是数据库盘/dev/sdb,现在的需求是sdb需要在不影响数据的情况下从原来的30GB扩容为100GB。
[root@renwole-com ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x5f149419 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 62914559 31456256 83 Linux Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x00043041 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 20971519 9436160 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root: 8585 MB, 8585740288 bytes, 16769024 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes [root@renwole-com ~]# df -hT Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/cl-root xfs 8.0G 950M 7.1G 12% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 8.3M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 138M 877M 14% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 379M 0 379M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/sdb1 ext4 30G 60M 28G 1% /apps
注意:橙色部分 /dev/sdb1 分区大小是30GB,挂载的也是30GB。
删除 /etc/fstab 文件中以下开机磁盘自动挂载信息:
/dev/sdb1 /apps ext4 defaults 0 0
Hyper-V虚机操作:
打开Hyper-V 管理器,找到需要扩容的小机并关机,然后右击设置,点击需要扩容的磁盘,(一般是数据盘)编辑 – 默认下一步 – 选择扩展下一步,这一步骤需要注意,假设你原有磁盘为30G,那么你想扩展到100G,请填写100即可,点击下一步完成。然后启动虚拟主机。
查看扩容后的磁盘分区情况:
[root@renwole-com ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x00043041 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 20971519 9436160 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x5f149419 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 62914559 31456256 83 Linux Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root: 8585 MB, 8585740288 bytes, 16769024 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
sdb分区大小由原来的30GB扩展到100GB了,但分区sdb1并没有使用扩容的70GB空间,怎么办呢?
删除分区不同等删除数据,删除分区再重建:
[root@renwole-com ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb The device presents a logical sector size that is smaller than the physical sector size. Aligning to a physical sector (or optimal I/O) size boundary is recommended, or performance may be impacted. Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): d # 删除sdb1分区 Selected partition 1 Partition 1 is deleted Command (m for help): n # 新建分区 Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 # 指定分区号 First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-209715199, default 209715199): Using default value 209715199 Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 GiB is set Command (m for help): w # 输入w保存 The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
再次查看磁盘分区情况
[root@renwole-com ~]# fdisk -l ... Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x5f149419 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 209715199 104856576 83 Linux ...
已经从原来的30G扩展成100G了,但现在还不能使用,需要进行如下操作才算真正扩容成功:
[root@renwole-com ~]# resize2fs -f /dev/sdb1 resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Resizing the filesystem on /dev/sdb1 to 26214144 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/sdb1 is now 26214144 blocks long.
扩容成功。
[root@renwole-com ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /apps/ [root@renwole-com ~]# df -hT Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/cl-root xfs 8.0G 950M 7.1G 12% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 8.3M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 138M 877M 14% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 379M 0 379M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/sdb1 ext4 99G 60M 94G 1% /apps [root@renwole-com ~]# ls /apps/ web mysql
如上所示,Linux虚拟主机数据盘已经成功扩容,查看数据并无丢失。
另外再次将你的磁盘信息写入到 /etc/fstab 文件中,不然重启后磁盘还需要手动挂载。
注意:还是那句话,操作任何数据之前,一定要先备份,养成良好的习惯,以防止数据丢失。
原创文章,作者:ItWorker,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/117145.html