1.常量声明的值必须是一个数字值、字符串或者一个固定的boolean值。
2.常量声明和变量声明一般都会出现在包级别
3.[]color.Color{…}生成的是一个slice切片和gif.GIF{…}生成的是一个struct结构体这两个表达式就是我们说的复合声明
4.struct是一组值或者叫字段的集合,不同的类型集合在一个struct可以让我们以一个统一的单元进行处理,struct内部的变量可以以一个点(.)来进行访问
5.import了一个包路径包含有多个单词的package时,比如image/color(image和color两个单词),通常我们只需要用最后那个单词表示这个包就可以
练习 1.5: 修改前面的Lissajous程序里的调色板,由黑色改为绿色。我们可以用color.RGBA{0xRR, 0xGG, 0xBB, 0xff}来得到#RRGGBB这个色值,三个十六进制的字符串分别代表红、绿、蓝像素。
package main import ( "image" "image/color" "image/gif" "io" "math" "math/rand" "os" "time" ) //定义一个slice切片变量,复合声明 var palette = []color.Color{color.White, color.RGBA{0, 255, 68, 255}} //声明一组常量 const ( whiteIndex = 0 blackIndex = 1 ) func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UTC().UnixNano()) lissajous(os.Stdout) } //定义函数 func lissajous(out io.Writer) { const ( cycles = 5 // number of complete x oscillator revolutions res = 0.001 // angular resolution size = 100 // image canvas covers [-size..+size] nframes = 64 // number of animation frames delay = 8 // delay between frames in 10ms units ) freq := rand.Float64() * 3.0 // relative frequency of y oscillator anim := gif.GIF{LoopCount: nframes} phase := 0.0 // phase difference for i := 0; i < nframes; i++ { rect := image.Rect(0, 0, 2*size+1, 2*size+1) img := image.NewPaletted(rect, palette) for t := 0.0; t < cycles*2*math.Pi; t += res { x := math.Sin(t) y := math.Sin(t*freq + phase) img.SetColorIndex(size+int(x*size+0.5), size+int(y*size+0.5), blackIndex) } phase += 0.1 anim.Delay = append(anim.Delay, delay) anim.Image = append(anim.Image, img) } gif.EncodeAll(out, &anim) // NOTE: ignoring encoding errors }
练习 1.6: 修改Lissajous程序,修改其调色板来生成更丰富的颜色,然后修改SetColorIndex的第三个参数,看看显示结果吧。
package main import ( "image" "image/color" "image/gif" "io" "math" "math/rand" "os" "time" ) //定义一个slice切片变量,复合声明 var palette = []color.Color{color.White, color.RGBA{0, 255, 68, 255},color.RGBA{26, 0, 255, 255}} //声明一组常量 const ( whiteIndex = 0 blackIndex = 1 ) func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UTC().UnixNano()) lissajous(os.Stdout) } //定义函数 func lissajous(out io.Writer) { const ( cycles = 5 // number of complete x oscillator revolutions res = 0.001 // angular resolution size = 100 // image canvas covers [-size..+size] nframes = 64 // number of animation frames delay = 8 // delay between frames in 10ms units ) freq := rand.Float64() * 3.0 // relative frequency of y oscillator anim := gif.GIF{LoopCount: nframes} phase := 0.0 // phase difference for i := 0; i < nframes; i++ { rect := image.Rect(0, 0, 2*size+1, 2*size+1) img := image.NewPaletted(rect, palette) for t := 0.0; t < cycles*2*math.Pi; t += res { x := math.Sin(t) y := math.Sin(t*freq + phase) img.SetColorIndex(size+int(x*size+0.5), size+int(y*size+0.5), blackIndex) } phase += 0.1 anim.Delay = append(anim.Delay, delay) anim.Image = append(anim.Image, img) } gif.EncodeAll(out, &anim) // NOTE: ignoring encoding errors }
原创文章,作者:Maggie-Hunter,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/12560.html