本地搭建 Apache 服务器详解编程语言

下载安装程序

Apache2.2.4版下载,地址:
http://httpd.apache.org/download,选择apache_2.2.4-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi,大约4M多。
 
配置Apache

一、配置文件

  Apache是一个后台运行的程序,没有界面。所有的配置,都包含在配置文件里。主配置文件是:

    C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache/conf/httpd.conf

  如果要修改Apache的配置,可以用任何一个文本编辑工具(例如记事本)编辑这个配置文件。在配置文件里,以“#”开头的行是注释行。

二、配置选项

  在配置文件里的主要选项如下:

#Listen 3000
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80

  Apache的IP地址和端口。一般来说不需要设置,Apache会绑定在本机所有IP地址的80端口上。

Port 80

  Apache的端口。默认值是80。

ServerName test.dnschek.net

  Web服务器的名字。安装时输入的“Server Name”就是保存在这里。

DocumentRoot “C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache/htdocs”

  这是网站的根目录。如果您想把网站文件存放在“D:/myweb”目录下,可以把DocumentRoot后面的目录修改为“D:/myweb”。

Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews

  为了安全起见,请把上面的“Indexes”删掉。否则别人可以浏览到您网站里的所有文件。

DirectoryIndex index.html

  默认首页文件名。在浏览器里输入一个地址(例如http://test.dnschek.net/)的时候,Apache会查找这个默认的首页文件打开。如果要配置多个默认首页文件名,请用空格分开。

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ “C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache/cgi-bin/”

  CGI文件存放路径。

三、高级配置

1、设置虚拟目录

  在配置文件中找下面这行:

    <IfModule mod_alias.c>

  在这行下面添加如下内容:

    Alias /vdir/ “c:/comexe/”

    <Directory “c:/comexe/”>
    Options MultiViews
    AllowOverride None
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all
    </Directory>

  这样,通过访问 http://test.dnschek.net/vdir/,就可以访问到c:/test/目录下的内容。

  Apache默认开设了两个虚拟目录:“/icons/”和“/manual/”。这两个虚拟目录没有用,可以在配置文件中删除。

 

 

2、如何解决中文网页显示乱码

(1)在配置文件中找包含“AddLanguage”或“AddCharset”的行,在这些行最前面增加一行:

    AddDefaultCharset GB2312

(2)养成良好的习惯,在每个网页的<head></head>里加入这行:

    <meta http-equiv=”Content-Type” content=”text/html; charset=gb2312″>

  一般的中文版网页编辑工具(例如FrontPage、Dreamweaver等)都会自动加上这行。

3、如何解决中文文件名无法访问

  在ie中选择 工具 -> internet选项 -> 高级 -> 取消“总是以UTF-8发送URL”。

  这个方法很麻烦,请尽量不要使用中文的网站文件名。

请注意:

1、Apache配置过程中最关键的两点是:网站根目录和默认首页文件名。必须要把网站文件放在所指定的网站根目录下,而且默认首页文件名必须要设置正确,否则将看不到您的网页。

2、每次配置文件更改后,要重新启动Apache才会生效。

 

在windows xp下在apache服务器上搭建两个虚拟主机方法:

对于conf/httpd.conf文件:

1. 开启:Listen 80

2.填写:ServerAdmin  管理员邮箱地址

3.注释:#DocumentRoot “”

4.给web服务器目录增加权限;<Directory “第一web服务器路径”>

5.设置默认自动运行的文件名:

<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.html index.php index.htm
</IfModule>

6. 将给web服务器目录增加权限的一对标签复制粘贴到上一标签的下面,将首标签更改为:

<Directory “第二web服务器路径”>

 

对于:conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf 文件:

1.开启:NameVirtualHost *:80     // *:代表本机的所以ip

2.设置基于主机名的虚拟主机:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot ” 第一web服务器路径”
    ServerName   写入第一个域名

</VirtualHost>

 

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot “第二web服务器路径”
    ServerName   写入第二个域名

</VirtualHost>

3.不指定错误日志,则默认使用apache的错误日志!

4.系统防火墙会阻止客户机对虚拟主机的访问,所以要本机关闭防火墙(郁闷了我一会子,才找出是本机防火墙的原因!)

# 
# This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file.  It contains the 
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions. 
# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2> for detailed information. 
# In particular, see  
# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/directives.html> 
# for a discussion of each configuration directive. 
# 
# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding 
# what they do.  They're here only as hints or reminders.  If you are unsure 
# consult the online docs. You have been warned.   
# 
# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many 
# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the 
# server will use that explicit path.  If the filenames do *not* begin 
# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/foo.log" 
# with ServerRoot set to "C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2" will be interpreted by the 
# server as "C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2/logs/foo.log". 
# 
# NOTE: Where filenames are specified, you must use forward slashes 
# instead of backslashes (e.g., "c:/apache" instead of "c:/apache"). 
# If a drive letter is omitted, the drive on which httpd.exe is located 
# will be used by default.  It is recommended that you always supply 
# an explicit drive letter in absolute paths to avoid confusion. 
# 
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's 
# configuration, error, and log files are kept. 
# 
# Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path.  If you point 
# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to point the LockFile directive 
# at a local disk.  If you wish to share the same ServerRoot for multiple 
# httpd daemons, you will need to change at least LockFile and PidFile. 
# 
ServerRoot "C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2" 
# 
# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or 
# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost> 
# directive. 
# 
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to  
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses. 
# 
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80 
Listen 8088 
# 
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support 
# 
# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you 
# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the 
# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used. 
# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need 
# to be loaded here. 
# 
# Example: 
# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so 
# 
LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so 
LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so 
LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.so 
LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so 
#LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so 
#LoadModule authn_alias_module modules/mod_authn_alias.so 
#LoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.so 
#LoadModule authn_dbd_module modules/mod_authn_dbd.so 
#LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.so 
LoadModule authn_default_module modules/mod_authn_default.so 
LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so 
#LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so 
#LoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.so 
LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so 
LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so 
LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so 
#LoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so 
LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so 
LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so 
#LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so 
#LoadModule cern_meta_module modules/mod_cern_meta.so 
LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so 
#LoadModule charset_lite_module modules/mod_charset_lite.so 
#LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so 
#LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so 
#LoadModule dav_lock_module modules/mod_dav_lock.so 
#LoadModule dbd_module modules/mod_dbd.so 
#LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so 
LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so 
#LoadModule disk_cache_module modules/mod_disk_cache.so 
#LoadModule dumpio_module modules/mod_dumpio.so 
LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so 
#LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so 
#LoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.so 
#LoadModule file_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so 
#LoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so 
#LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so 
#LoadModule ident_module modules/mod_ident.so 
#LoadModule imagemap_module modules/mod_imagemap.so 
LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so 
#LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so 
LoadModule isapi_module modules/mod_isapi.so 
#LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so 
#LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so 
LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so 
#LoadModule log_forensic_module modules/mod_log_forensic.so 
#LoadModule mem_cache_module modules/mod_mem_cache.so 
LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so 
#LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so 
LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so 
#LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so 
#LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so 
#LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so 
#LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so 
#LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so 
#LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so 
#LoadModule proxy_scgi_module modules/mod_proxy_scgi.so 
#LoadModule reqtimeout_module modules/mod_reqtimeout.so 
#LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so 
LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so 
#LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so 
#LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so 
#LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so 
#LoadModule substitute_module modules/mod_substitute.so 
#LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so 
#LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so 
#LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so 
#LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so 
#LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so 
<IfModule !mpm_netware_module> 
<IfModule !mpm_winnt_module> 
# 
# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run 
# httpd as root initially and it will switch.   
# 
# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as. 
# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for 
# running httpd, as with most system services. 
# 
User daemon 
Group daemon 
</IfModule> 
</IfModule> 
# 'Main' server configuration 
# 
# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main' 
# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a 
# <VirtualHost> definition.  These values also provide defaults for 
# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file. 
# 
# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers, 
# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the 
# virtual host being defined. 
# 
# 
# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be 
# e-mailed.  This address appears on some server-generated pages, such 
# as error documents.  e.g. [email protected]-domain.com 
# 
ServerAdmin ls@alpha-it-system.com 
# 
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself. 
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify 
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup. 
# 
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here. 
# 
ServerName 127.0.0.1:8080 
# 
# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your 
# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but 
# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations. 
# 
DocumentRoot "c:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2/htdocs" 
# 
# Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect 
# to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that 
# directory (and its subdirectories).  
# 
# First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of  
# features.   
# 
<Directory /> 
Options FollowSymLinks 
AllowOverride None 
Order deny,allow 
Deny from all 
</Directory> 
# 
# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow 
# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as 
# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it 
# below. 
# 
# 
# This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to. 
# 
<Directory "C:/Program Files(x86)/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2/htdocs"> 
# 
# Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All", 
# or any combination of: 
#   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews 
# 
# Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All" 
# doesn't give it to you. 
    # 
# The Options directive is both complicated and important.  Please see 
# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options 
# for more information. 
# 
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks 
# 
# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files. 
# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords: 
#   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit 
# 
AllowOverride None 
# 
# Controls who can get stuff from this server. 
# 
Order allow,deny 
Allow from all 
</Directory> 
listen 92 
<VirtualHost *:92> 
DocumentRoot "F:/workspace/oab-v2/doc/cn/html" 
<Directory /> 
# 
# Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All", 
# or any combination of: 
#   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews 
# 
# Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All" 
# doesn't give it to you. 
    # 
# The Options directive is both complicated and important.  Please see 
# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options 
# for more information. 
# 
Options +Includes 
# 
# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files. 
# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords: 
#   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit 
# 
AllowOverride None 
# 
# Controls who can get stuff from this server. 
# 
Order allow,deny 
Allow from all 
AddType text/html .html 
AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .html 
</Directory> 
</VirtualHost> 
# 
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory 
# is requested. 
# 
<IfModule dir_module> 
DirectoryIndex index.html 
</IfModule> 
# 
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being  
# viewed by Web clients.  
# 
<FilesMatch "^/.ht"> 
Order allow,deny 
Deny from all 
Satisfy All 
</FilesMatch> 
# 
# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. 
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> 
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be 
# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> 
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. 
# 
ErrorLog "logs/error.log" 
# 
# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log. 
# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, 
# alert, emerg. 
# 
LogLevel warn 
<IfModule log_config_module> 
# 
# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with 
# a CustomLog directive (see below). 
# 
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t /"%r/" %>s %b /"%{Referer}i/" /"%{User-Agent}i/"" combined 
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t /"%r/" %>s %b" common 
<IfModule logio_module> 
# You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O 
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t /"%r/" %>s %b /"%{Referer}i/" /"%{User-Agent}i/" %I %O" combinedio 
</IfModule> 
# 
# The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format). 
# If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost> 
# container, they will be logged here.  Contrariwise, if you *do* 
# define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be 
# logged therein and *not* in this file. 
# 
CustomLog "logs/access.log" common 
# 
# If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information 
# (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive. 
# 
#CustomLog "logs/access.log" combined 
</IfModule> 
<IfModule alias_module> 
# 
# Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to  
# exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client  
# will make a new request for the document at its new location. 
# Example: 
# Redirect permanent /foo http://127.0.0.1/bar 
 
# 
# Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to 
# access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot. 
# Example: 
# Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path 
# 
# If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will 
# require it to be present in the URL.  You will also likely 
# need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to 
# the filesystem path. 
# 
# ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts.  
# ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that 
# documents in the target directory are treated as applications and 
# run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the 
# client.  The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias 
# directives as to Alias. 
# 
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2/cgi-bin/" 
</IfModule> 
<IfModule cgid_module> 
# 
# ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX 
# socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod_cgid. 
# 
#Scriptsock logs/cgisock 
</IfModule> 
# 
# "C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased 
# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured. 
# 
<Directory "C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2/cgi-bin"> 
AllowOverride None 
Options None 
Order allow,deny 
Allow from all 
</Directory> 
# 
# DefaultType: the default MIME type the server will use for a document 
# if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions. 
# If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is 
# a good value.  If most of your content is binary, such as applications 
# or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to 
# keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are 
# text. 
# 
DefaultType text/plain 
<IfModule mime_module> 
# 
# TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from 
# filename extension to MIME-type. 
# 
TypesConfig conf/mime.types 
# 
# AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration 
# file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types. 
# 
#AddType application/x-gzip .tgz 
# 
# AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress 
# information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this. 
# 
#AddEncoding x-compress .Z 
#AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz 
# 
# If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you 
# probably should define those extensions to indicate media types: 
# 
AddType application/x-compress .Z 
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz 
# 
# AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers": 
# actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server 
# or added with the Action directive (see below) 
# 
# To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories: 
# (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.) 
# 
#AddHandler cgi-script .cgi 
# For type maps (negotiated resources): 
#AddHandler type-map var 
# 
# Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client. 
# 
# To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI): 
# (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.) 
# 
#AddType text/html .shtml 
#AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml 
</IfModule> 
# 
# The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the 
# contents of the file itself to determine its type.  The MIMEMagicFile 
# directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located. 
# 
#MIMEMagicFile conf/magic 
# 
# Customizable error responses come in three flavors: 
# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects 
# 
# Some examples: 
#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo." 
#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html 
#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl" 
#ErrorDocument 402 http://127.0.0.1/subscription_info.html 
# 
# 
# MaxRanges: Maximum number of Ranges in a request before 
# returning the entire resource, or one of the special 
# values 'default', 'none' or 'unlimited'. 
# Default setting is to accept 200 Ranges. 
#MaxRanges unlimited 
# 
# EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it,  
# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall is used to deliver 
# files.  This usually improves server performance, but must 
# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted  
# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise 
# broken on your system. 
# 
#EnableMMAP off 
#EnableSendfile off 
# Supplemental configuration 
# 
# The configuration files in the conf/extra/ directory can be  
# included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of  
# the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as  
# necessary. 
# Server-pool management (MPM specific) 
#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf 
# Multi-language error messages 
#Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf 
# Fancy directory listings 
#Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf 
# Language settings 
#Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf 
# User home directories 
#Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf 
# Real-time info on requests and configuration 
#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf 
# Virtual hosts 
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf 
# Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual 
#Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf 
# Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV) 
#Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf 
# Various default settings 
#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf 
# Secure (SSL/TLS) connections 
#Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf 
# 
# Note: The following must must be present to support 
#       starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent 
#       but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl. 
# 
<IfModule ssl_module> 
SSLRandomSeed startup builtin 
SSLRandomSeed connect builtin 
</IfModule>

 

原创文章,作者:Maggie-Hunter,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/13402.html

(0)
上一篇 2021年7月19日
下一篇 2021年7月19日

相关推荐

发表回复

登录后才能评论