Spring Boot读取配置的 5 种方式详解编程语言

读取application文件

在application.yml或者properties文件中添加：

info.address=USA info.company=Spring info.degree=high

@Value注解读取方式

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; 
 
@Component 
public class InfoConfig1 { 
 
    @Value("${info.address}") 
    private String address; 
 
    @Value("${info.company}") 
    private String company; 
 
    @Value("${info.degree}") 
    private String degree; 
 
    public String getAddress() { 
        return address; 
    } 
 
    public void setAddress(String address) { 
        this.address = address; 
    } 
 
    public String getCompany() { 
        return company; 
    } 
 
    public void setCompany(String company) { 
        this.company = company; 
    } 
 
    public String getDegree() { 
        return degree; 
    } 
 
    public void setDegree(String degree) { 
        this.degree = degree; 
    } 
 
}

@ConfigurationProperties注解读取方式

@Component 
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "info") 
public class InfoConfig2 { 
 
    private String address; 
    private String company; 
    private String degree; 
 
    public String getAddress() { 
        return address; 
    } 
 
    public void setAddress(String address) { 
        this.address = address; 
    } 
 
    public String getCompany() { 
        return company; 
    } 
 
    public void setCompany(String company) { 
        this.company = company; 
    } 
 
    public String getDegree() { 
        return degree; 
    } 
 
    public void setDegree(String degree) { 
        this.degree = degree; 
    } 
 
}

读取指定文件

资源目录下建立config/db-config.properties:

db.username=root db.password=123456

@[email protected]

@Component 
@PropertySource(value = { "config/db-config.properties" }) 
public class DBConfig1 { 
 
    @Value("${db.username}") 
    private String username; 
 
    @Value("${db.password}") 
    private String password; 
 
    public String getUsername() { 
        return username; 
    } 
 
    public void setUsername(String username) { 
        this.username = username; 
    } 
 
    public String getPassword() { 
        return password; 
    } 
 
    public void setPassword(String password) { 
        this.password = password; 
    } 
 
}

注意：@PropertySource不支持yml文件读取。

@[email protected]

@Component 
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "db") 
@PropertySource(value = { "config/db-config.properties" }) 
public class DBConfig2 { 
 
    private String username; 
    private String password; 
 
    public String getUsername() { 
        return username; 
    } 
 
    public void setUsername(String username) { 
        this.username = username; 
    } 
 
    public String getPassword() { 
        return password; 
    } 
 
    public void setPassword(String password) { 
        this.password = password; 
    } 
 
}

Environment读取方式

以上所有加载出来的配置都可以通过Environment注入获取到。

@Autowired 
private Environment env; 
 
// 获取参数 
String getProperty(String key);

总结

从以上示例来看，Spring [email protected],@Value,@Environment,@ConfigurationProperties来绑定变量。

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