#导入urllib.request模块 
import urllib.request 
 
#设置请求头 
headers=("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0") 
#创建一个opener 
opener=urllib.request.build_opener() 
#将headers添加到opener中 
opener.addheaders=[headers] 
#将opener安装为全局 
urllib.request.install_opener(opener) 
#用urlopen打开网页 
data=urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8','ignore')

#定义代理ip 
proxy_addr="122.241.72.191:808" 
#设置代理 
proxy=urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'http':proxy_addr}) 
#创建一个opener 
opener=urllib.request.build_opener(proxy) 
#将opener安装为全局 
urllib.request.install_opener(opener) 
#用urlopen打开网页 
data=urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8','ignore')

#定义代理ip 
proxy_addr="122.241.72.191:808" 
#创建一个请求 
req=urllib.request.Request(url) 
#添加headers 
req.add_header("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) 
#设置代理 
proxy=urllib.request.ProxyHandle("http":proxy_addr) 
#创建一个opener 
opener=urllib.request.build_opener(proxy,urllib.request.HTTPHandler) 
#将opener安装为全局 
urllib.request.install_opener(opener) 
#用urlopen打开网页 
data=urllib.request.urlopen(req).read().decode('utf-8','ignore')

# python3 
# 国内高匿代理IP网站：http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/ 
# 爬取首页代理IP地址 
 
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 
import requests 
import random 
 
# 获取首页IP列表 
def get_ip_list(url, headers): 
    web_data = requests.get(url, headers=headers) 
    soup = BeautifulSoup(web_data.text, 'lxml') 
    ips = soup.find_all('tr') 
    ip_list = [] 
    # 提取ip列表 
    # range()的用法：range(1,5) #代表从1到5(不包含5) 
    for i in range(1, len(ips)): 
        ip_info = ips[i] 
        tds = ip_info.find_all('td') 
        ip_list.append(tds[5].text.lower() + '://' + tds[1].text + ':' + tds[2].text) 
    return ip_list 
 
# 随机获取一个ip 
def get_random_ip(ip_list): 
    # 随机获取一个ip（从返回的ip列表里面） 
    proxy_ip = random.choice(ip_list) 
    return proxy_ip 
 
# 测试 
if __name__ == '__main__': 
    # 国内高匿代理IP 
    url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/' 
    headers = { 
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.143 Safari/537.36' 
    } 
    # 获取首页ip列表 
    ip_list = get_ip_list(url, headers=headers) 
    # 随机提取一个ip 
    ip = get_random_ip(ip_list) 
    print('代理ip地址：' + ip)