C++实现一个复数类详解编程语言

复数类的实现中包含了众多C++的基础知识，对学习C++有很大的帮助。其中，运算符重载中的“前置++、–和后置++、–”稍微难些，需注意理解它的参数设计和返回值。

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1 
#include<iostream> 
using namespace std; 
class Complex 
{ 
private: 
double _real; 
double _image; 
public://四个默认成员函数 
//构造函数 
Complex(double real = 0.0, double image = 0.0) 
:_real(real), _image(image) 
{ 
} 
//拷贝构造函数 
Complex(const Complex& c) 
{ 
_real = c._real; 
_image = c._image; 
} 
//析构函数 
~Complex() 
{ 
} 
//赋值运算符的重载 
Complex operator = (const Complex& c) 
{ 
this->_real = c._real; 
this->_image = c._image; 
return *this; 
} 
public://复数“==”、“+”、“-”、“+=”、“-=”的情况 
//判断相等 
bool operator == (const Complex& d) 
{ 
return ((_real == d._real) && (_image == d._image)); 
} 
//两个复数相加 
Complex operator+(const Complex& d) 
{ 
Complex tmp; 
tmp._real = _real + d._real; 
tmp._image = _image + d._image; 
return tmp; 
} 
//两个复数相减 
Complex operator-(const Complex& d) 
{ 
Complex tmp; 
tmp._real = _real - d._real; 
tmp._image = _image - d._image; 
return tmp; 
} 
//复数对象-=d 
Complex& operator+=(const Complex& d) 
{ 
_real += d._real; 
_image += d._image; 
return *this; 
} 
//复数对象-=d 
Complex& operator-=(const Complex& d) 
{ 
_real -= d._real; 
_image -= d._image; 
return *this; 
} 
public://复数“前置++、--”和“后置++、--” 
//前置++ 
/*Complex operator++() 
{ 
++_real; 
++_image; 
return *this; 
}*/ 
Complex& operator++() 
{ 
this->_real++; 
this->_image++; 
return *this; 
} 
//前置-- 
/*Complex operator--() 
{ 
--_real; 
--_image; 
return *this; 
}*/ 
Complex& operator--() 
{ 
this->_real--; 
this->_image--; 
return *this; 
} 
//后置++ 
Complex operator++(int) 
{ 
Complex tmp = *this; 
_real++; 
_image++; 
return tmp; 
} 
//后置-- 
Complex operator--(int) 
{ 
Complex tmp = *this; 
_real--; 
_image--; 
return tmp; 
} 
//打印复数 
void Display() 
{ 
cout << _real << "+" << _image << "i" << endl; 
} 
}; 
//测试函数 
void Test1() 
{ 
cout << "初始化一个复数类" << endl; 
Complex c1(1.0, 2.0);//调用构造函数，新建复数类c1 
c1.Display(); 
Complex c2(c1);//调用拷贝构造函数，新建复数类c2 
c2.Display(); 
cout << endl; 
} 
void Test2() 
{ 
cout << "初始化一个复数类" << endl; 
Complex c1(1.0, 2.0);//调用构造函数，新建复数类c1 
c1.Display(); 
Complex c2(c1);//调用拷贝构造函数，新建复数类c2 
c2.Display(); 
//测试operator== 
cout << endl << "测试operator==" << endl; 
int ret = c1 == c2; 
if (ret) 
{ 
cout << "c1 == c2" << endl; 
} 
else 
{ 
cout << "c1 != c2" << endl; 
} 
//测试operator+ 
cout << endl << "测试operator+" << endl; 
Complex c3 = c1 + c2; 
c3.Display(); 
//测试operator- 
cout << endl << "测试operator-" << endl; 
Complex c4 = c1 - c2; 
c4.Display(); 
//测试opertor+= 
cout << endl << "测试operator+=" << endl; 
c1 += c2; 
c1.Display(); 
//测试opertor-= 
cout << endl << "测试operator-=" << endl; 
c1.operator-= (c2); 
c1.Display(); 
cout << endl; 
} 
//测试前置++、--和后置++、-- 
void Test3() 
{ 
cout << "初始化一个复数类" << endl; 
Complex c1(1.0, 2.0); 
c1.Display(); 
//前置++ 
cout << endl << "测试前置++" << endl; 
Complex c2 = ++c1; 
c2.Display(); 
//前置-- 
cout << endl << "测试前置--" << endl; 
Complex c3 = --c1; 
c3.Display(); 
c1.Display(); 
//后置++ 
cout << endl << "测试后置++" << endl; 
Complex c4 = c1++; 
c4.Display(); 
c1.Display(); 
//后置-- 
cout << endl << "测试后置--" << endl; 
Complex c5 = c1--; 
c5.Display(); 
c1.Display(); 
cout << endl; 
} 
int main() 
{ 
Test1(); 
Test2(); 
Test3(); 
system("pause"); 
return 0; 
}