docker命令总结（二）

上次只是给大家把命令的作用以及简单使用列出来了（大家可以查看：docker命令总结（一）），那这篇文章会详细介绍每条命令的参数 ## search docker search：此命令是用来在仓库中查找docker镜像 语法： docker search 参数 镜像名称:tag（版本） 参数说明： –filter，-f：根据相关条件过滤输出 –format：使用Go模板进行漂亮的打印搜索 –limit：指定最大搜索结果，默认25个 –no-trunc：显示完整的镜像描述 –stars，-s：列出收藏数不小于指定值的镜像 –automated：仅显示自动构建的镜像 示例： 默认搜索 ubuntu@VM-101-242-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker search nginx NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED nginx Official build of Nginx. 12438 jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 1713 richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 750 linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 84 bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 75 tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp… 60 nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… 35 jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho… 34 nginx/unit NGINX Unit is a dynamic web and application … 33 jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 31 nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes 22 privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al… 19 schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra… 17 blacklabelops/nginx Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server. 12 centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n… 12 nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 12 centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building … 11 nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter 9 sophos/nginx-vts-exporter Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats a… 6 mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend 5 1science/nginx Nginx Docker images that include Consul Temp… 5 pebbletech/nginx-proxy nginx-proxy sets up a container running ngin… 2 ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb An APB to deploy NGINX 1 centos/nginx-110-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.10 or building … 0 wodby/nginx Generic nginx 0 ubuntu@VM-101-242-ubuntu:~$ 搜索收藏数大于10的nginx镜像，并显示详细信息 ubuntu@VM-101-242-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker search –stars=10 –no-trunc nginx Flag –stars has been deprecated, use –filter=stars=3 instead NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED nginx Official build of Nginx. 12438 jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker containers 1713 richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of pulling application code from git 750 linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxServer.io. 84 bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 75 tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp-module module for live multimedia (video) streaming. 60 nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page containing its hostname, IP address and port … 35 jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy hosts with a simple, powerful interface 34 nginx/unit NGINX Unit is a dynamic web and application server designed to run applications in various languages 33 jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 31 nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes 22 privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Alpine Linux stack 19 schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP traffic to another server, based on nginx 17 centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building nginx-based application 12 nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 12 blacklabelops/nginx Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server. 12 centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building nginx-based application 11 ubuntu@VM-101-242-ubuntu:~$ 使用条件查找收藏数大于10的nginx镜像 ubuntu@VM-101-242-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker search –filter stars=3 nginx NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED nginx Official build of Nginx. 12438 jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 1713 richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 750 linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 84 bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 75 tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp… 60 nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… 35 jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho… 34 nginx/unit NGINX Unit is a dynamic web and application … 33 jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 31 nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes 22 privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al… 19 schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra… 17 centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n… 12 blacklabelops/nginx Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server. 12 nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 12 centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building … 11 nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter 9 sophos/nginx-vts-exporter Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats a… 6 mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend 5 1science/nginx Nginx Docker images that include Consul Temp… 5 ubuntu@VM-101-242-ubuntu:~$ ## pull 从docker仓库下载镜像到本地 语法 docker pull 镜像名称:tag（版本） 参数说明 -a, –all-tags：下载所有版本的镜像 -q, –quiet：不显示详细信息 –disable-content-trust：不对下载的镜像进行校验 –platform：指定下载镜像服务器的平台信息 示例 下载nginx默认版本的docker镜像 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker pull nginx:latest latest: Pulling from library/nginx 8ec398bc0356: Pull complete 465560073b6f: Pull complete f473f9fd0a8c: Pull complete Digest: sha256:b2d89d0a210398b4d1120b3e3a7672c16a4ba09c2c4a0395f18b9f7999b768f2 Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest docker.io/library/nginx:latest ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 9 days ago 126MB ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ ## push 推送指定镜像到docker镜像服务器 语法 docker push 本地镜像：tag(版本) 参数说明 –disable-content-trust：不对镜像进行校验 示例 docker push blxt:5000/blxt/nginx 上传nginx到私有仓库 ## images 查看本地所有docker镜像 语法 docker images 参数 镜像:tag（版本） 参数说明 -a, –all：列出本地所有镜像 –digests：显示镜像简单信息说明 -f, –filter：根据相关条件过滤输出 –format：使用Go模板进行漂亮的打印搜索 –no-trunc：显示镜像的完整信息 -q, –quiet：只显示镜像ID 示例 查看本地所有镜像 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images -a REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 9 days ago 126MB ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ 查看镜像详细信息 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images –no-trunc nginx:latest REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest sha256:f7bb5701a33c0e572ed06ca554edca1bee96cbbc1f76f3b01c985de7e19d0657 9 days ago 126MB ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ 查看镜像ID ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images -q nginx:latest f7bb5701a33c ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ ## run 创建容器，并运行 语法 docker run 参数 镜像:tag（版本） 参数说明 -a, –attach： 指定标准输入输出内容类型，可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项 -d: 容器将在后台运行 -t： 给容器分配tty终端 –sig-proxy=true： 将所有接收到的信号代理到进程（仅限非TTY模式） -i: 以交互模式运行容器 –name: 给容器设置名称 —dns： 为容器设置自定义dns服务器 –dns-search： 指定DNS搜索域名 –network： 为容器指定网卡 –network-alias： 为容器的网卡设置别名 –add-host： 在容器的hosts文件中添加记录 –mac-address： 设置容器的MAC地址 –ip： 设置容器的IPV4地址 –ip6： 设置容器IPV6地址 –link-local-ip： 设置一个或多个容器的以太网设备的链接本地IPv4/IPv6地址 –rm： 容器退出时自动删除容器 -m， –memory： 设置容器内存大小，最小4M –memory-swap： 设置容器的总内存大小，包含交换分区 -c， –cpu-shares： 设置cpu –cpus： 设置cpu数量 –entrypoint： 在容器运行时执行的默认命令 –expose： 设置端口映射 -P： 将容器中所有端口映射到宿主机 -p： 将容器的某个端口映射到宿主机 –link： 将链接添加到另外一个容器 -v, –volume： 将宿主机的文件挂载到容器中 –volumes-from： 将宿主机的所有文件系统挂载到容器 -u，–user： 设置所使用的用户名或UID以及指定命令的可选组名或GID -h： 指定容器主机名称 -e： 设置环境变量 –env-file： 从指定文件中导入变量 参数还有很多，这里就不一一列举了，上面是常用的参数 示例 后台运行nginx容器，并取名为nginx ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run -d –name nginx nginx:latest 06a913a442f9729e284b1a0628e5ce46561f81c6e8777f91d184f10de079cb55 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 06a913a442f9 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 18 seconds ago Up 15 seconds 80/tcp nginx ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ 后台运行nginx容器，并映射容器80端口到宿主机的80端口 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run -d –name nginx -p 80:80 nginx:latest c026ee7e0c9477c15ac42965ed19af92b6017e7bcce079fd450f8cee5f2d9de6 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c026ee7e0c94 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 8 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo curl 127.0.0.1 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h2>Welcome to nginx!</h2> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/”>nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/”>nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ 创建nginx容器，并进行交互式启动 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run -it –name nginx nginx:latest /bin/bash root@4a518f4a2a01:/# ## history 查看镜像形成过程 语法 docker history 参数 镜像：tag（版本） 参数 –format：使用Go模板进行漂亮的打印搜索 -H, –human：以可读格式打印大小和日期（默认为true） –no-trunc：显示形成详细信息 -q, –quiet：只显示镜像ID 示例 默认使用方法 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker history nginx:latest IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT f7bb5701a33c 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon… 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx… 22B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c set -x && addgroup –system -… 57.1MB <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~buster 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NJS_VERSION=0.3.7 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.17.6 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL maintainer=NGINX Do… 0B <missing> 10 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B <missing> 10 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:04caaf303199c81ff… 69.2MB ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ 只打印镜像ID ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker history -q nginx:latest f7bb5701a33c <missing> <missing> <missing> <missing> <missing> <missing> <missing> <missing> <missing> <missing> ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ 显示镜像形成的详细信息 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker history –no-trunc nginx IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT sha256:f7bb5701a33c0e572ed06ca554edca1bee96cbbc1f76f3b01c985de7e19d0657 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon off;"] 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx/access.log && ln -sf /dev/stderr /var/log/nginx/error.log 22B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c set -x && addgroup –system –gid 101 nginx && adduser –system –disabled-login –ingroup nginx –no-create-home –home /nonexistent –gecos "nginx user" –shell /bin/false –uid 101 nginx && apt-get update && apt-get install –no-install-recommends –no-install-suggests -y gnupg1 ca-certificates && NGINX_GPGKEY=573BFD6B3D8FBC641079A6ABABF5BD827BD9BF62; found=”; for server in ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 pgp.mit.edu ; do echo "Fetching GPG key $NGINX_GPGKEY from $server"; apt-key adv –keyserver "$server" –keyserver-options timeout=10 –recv-keys "$NGINX_GPGKEY" && found=yes && break; done; test -z "$found" && echo >&2 "error: failed to fetch GPG key $NGINX_GPGKEY" && exit 1; apt-get remove –purge –auto-remove -y gnupg1 && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/ && dpkgArch="$(dpkg –print-architecture)" && nginxPackages=" nginx=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-xslt=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-geoip=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-image-filter=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-njs=${NGINX_VERSION}.${NJS_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} " && case "$dpkgArch" in amd64|i386) echo "deb https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ buster nginx" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list && apt-get update ;; ) echo "deb-src https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ buster nginx" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list && tempDir="$(mktemp -d)" && chmod 777 "$tempDir" && savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)" && apt-get update && apt-get build-dep -y $nginxPackages && ( cd "$tempDir" && DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS="nocheck parallel=$(nproc)" apt-get source –compile $nginxPackages ) && apt-mark showmanual | xargs apt-mark auto > /dev/null && { [ -z "$savedAptMark" ] || apt-mark manual $savedAptMark; } && ls -lAFh "$tempDir" && ( cd "$tempDir" && dpkg-scanpackages . > Packages ) && grep ‘^Package: ‘ "$tempDir/Packages" && echo "deb [ trusted=yes ] file://$tempDir ./" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/temp.list && apt-get -o Acquire::GzipIndexes=false update ;; esac && apt-get install –no-install-recommends –no-install-suggests -y $nginxPackages gettext-base && apt-get remove –purge –auto-remove -y ca-certificates && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/ /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list && if [ -n "$tempDir" ]; then apt-get purge -y –auto-remove && rm -rf "$tempDir" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/temp.list; fi 57.1MB <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~buster 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NJS_VERSION=0.3.7 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.17.6 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker history –no-trunc nginx:latest IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT sha256:f7bb5701a33c0e572ed06ca554edca1bee96cbbc1f76f3b01c985de7e19d0657 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon off;"] 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx/access.log && ln -sf /dev/stderr /var/log/nginx/error.log 22B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c set -x && addgroup –system –gid 101 nginx && adduser –system –disabled-login –ingroup nginx –no-create-home –home /nonexistent –gecos "nginx user" –shell /bin/false –uid 101 nginx && apt-get update && apt-get install –no-install-recommends –no-install-suggests -y gnupg1 ca-certificates && NGINX_GPGKEY=573BFD6B3D8FBC641079A6ABABF5BD827BD9BF62; found=”; for server in ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 pgp.mit.edu ; do echo "Fetching GPG key $NGINX_GPGKEY from $server"; apt-key adv –keyserver "$server" –keyserver-options timeout=10 –recv-keys "$NGINX_GPGKEY" && found=yes && break; done; test -z "$found" && echo >&2 "error: failed to fetch GPG key $NGINX_GPGKEY" && exit 1; apt-get remove –purge –auto-remove -y gnupg1 && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/ && dpkgArch="$(dpkg –print-architecture)" && nginxPackages=" nginx=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-xslt=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-geoip=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-image-filter=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-njs=${NGINX_VERSION}.${NJS_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} " && case "$dpkgArch" in amd64|i386) echo "deb https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ buster nginx" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list && apt-get update ;; ) echo "deb-src https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ buster nginx" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list && tempDir="$(mktemp -d)" && chmod 777 "$tempDir" && savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)" && apt-get update && apt-get build-dep -y $nginxPackages && ( cd "$tempDir" && DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS="nocheck parallel=$(nproc)" apt-get source –compile $nginxPackages ) && apt-mark showmanual | xargs apt-mark auto > /dev/null && { [ -z "$savedAptMark" ] || apt-mark manual $savedAptMark; } && ls -lAFh "$tempDir" && ( cd "$tempDir" && dpkg-scanpackages . > Packages ) && grep ‘^Package: ‘ "$tempDir/Packages" && echo "deb [ trusted=yes ] file://$tempDir ./" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/temp.list && apt-get -o Acquire::GzipIndexes=false update ;; esac && apt-get install –no-install-recommends –no-install-suggests -y $nginxPackages gettext-base && apt-get remove –purge –auto-remove -y ca-certificates && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/ /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list && if [ -n "$tempDir" ]; then apt-get purge -y –auto-remove && rm -rf "$tempDir" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/temp.list; fi 57.1MB <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~buster 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NJS_VERSION=0.3.7 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.17.6 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL maintainer=NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com> 0B <missing> 10 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B <missing> 10 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:04caaf303199c81ff1a94e2e39d5096f9d02b73294b82758e5bc6e23aff94272 in / 69.2MB ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ ## start 启动容器 语法 docker start 参数 容器ID/容器名称 参数说明 -a, –attach：附加STDOUT/STDERR和转发信号 –checkpoint：从快照进行还原 –checkpoint-dir：使用自定义检查点存储目录 –detach-keys：重写用于分离容器的键序列 -i, –interactive：附加容器的STDIN 示例 启动使用create创建的nginx容器 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 8b9053318855 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 9 seconds ago Created admiring_rhodes ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker start 8b9053318855 8b9053318855 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 8b9053318855 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 40 seconds ago Up 7 seconds 80/tcp admiring_rhodes ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ ## stop 关闭容器 语法 docker stop 参数 容器ID/容器名称 参数说明 –time , -t：在多少时间后关闭容器 示例 默认使用方法 ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run -d –name nginx nginx:latest 4c1e4ab3cfdcb7c5c55052238525e79bb82c0b5cf70b18420520ec2884669272 ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 4c1e4ab3cfdc nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 7 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 80/tcp nginx ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker stop nginx nginx ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 4c1e4ab3cfdc nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 26 seconds ago Exited (0) 5 seconds ago nginx ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ ## build 通过dockerfile制作镜像 语法 docker build 参数 路径 参数说明 –build-arg：设置创建时的变量 –cgroup-parent：容器的可选父cgroup –compress：使用gzip压缩构建上下文 –cpu-shares :设置 cpu 使用权重 –cpu-period :限制 CPU CFS周期 –cpu-quota :限制 CPU CFS配额 –cpuset-cpus :指定使用的CPU id –cpuset-mems :指定使用的内存 id –disable-content-trus:跳过镜像验证 –file , -f：指定dockerfile的名称，默认为dockerfile –force-rm：始终移除中间容器 –iidfile：将镜像ID写入文件 –isolation：使用容器隔离 –label：为镜像设置元数据 –memory , -m：设置内存限制 –memory-swap：设置总内存，包含交换内存 –network：设置镜像网络信息 –no-cache：构建镜像不使用缓存 –output , -o：设置镜像生成位置 –pull：始终尝试提取图像的较新版本 –quiet , -q： 禁止生成输出并成功打印图像ID –rm：成功构建后删除中间容器 –tag, -t: 镜像的名字及标签 –ulimit :Ulimit配置 –shm-size :设置/dev/shm的大小，默认值是64M 示例 使用当前目录下的dockerfile制作nginx：V1镜像 docker build -t nginx：V1 . 创建nginx：V2镜像，使用非当前目录下的dockerfile docker build -t nginx:V2 -f /opt/dockerfile 添加其他主机到容器文件中 docker build –add-host=docker:1.1.1.1 . 使用参数–squash创建名为test:1的镜像 docker build –squash -t test:1 . ## attach 当前shell连接运行容器 语法 docker attach 参数 容器ID/容器名称 参数 –detach-keys： 覆盖分离容器的键序列 –no-stdin：不要附上STDIN –sig-proxy：代理所有接收到的信号到进程 示例 默认使用方法 ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run -d –name ubuntu ubuntu /usr/bin/top -b 98c3f0964ad3a38e360867941a5510cd77e164a835be5b9b69aa47d3d5ceed17 ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker attach ubuntu top – 08:24:58 up 1:12, 0 users, load average: 0.04, 0.06, 0.01 Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 2.3 us, 1.7 sy, 0.0 ni, 96.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 885080 total, 149760 free, 231524 used, 503796 buff/cache KiB Swap: 0 total, 0 free, 0 used. 499100 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 36480 3100 2748 R 0.0 0.4 0:00.19 top top – 08:25:01 up 1:12, 0 users, load average: 0.04, 0.06, 0.01 Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 1.0 us, 0.7 sy, 0.0 ni, 98.0 id, 0.3 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 885080 total, 151252 free, 230048 used, 503780 buff/cache KiB Swap: 0 total, 0 free, 0 used. 500588 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 36480 3100 2748 R 0.0 0.4 0:00.19 top top – 08:25:04 up 1:13, 0 users, load average: 0.04, 0.06, 0.01 Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 1.3 us, 1.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 97.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 885080 total, 151264 free, 230016 used, 503800 buff/cache KiB Swap: 0 total, 0 free, 0 used. 500616 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 36480 3100 2748 R 0.0 0.4 0:00.19 top 您可以看到该bash 过程返回的退出代码也由docker attach命令返回给其调用者 ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run –name ubuntu -d -it ubuntu 9ac7802feb2b77bb905bc9f4c5ca9782e6800fc995b1f2b39da78239d86a7405 ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker attach ubuntu root@9ac7802feb2b:/# root@9ac7802feb2b:/# ## commit 保存当前容器为镜像/快照 语法 docker commit 容器名称/容器ID 镜像名:tag（版本） 示例 ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images //查看镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 9 days ago 126MB ubuntu latest 549b9b86cb8d 2 weeks ago 64.2MB ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run -itd –name nginx nginx:latest //创建容器 9566c54f3883b0a3b2f92dc94eb8520772d5d05826d7025be23212768f4d7967 ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -a //查看容器状态 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9566c54f3883 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 11 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 80/tcp nginx ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker commit nginx nginx:V1 //生成快照 sha256:e091997549ff02cf6309d6146b7626c6efef6dd9ce598c632f6bf0f4d090978c ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images //查看镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx V1 e091997549ff 22 seconds ago 126MB nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 9 days ago 126MB ubuntu latest 549b9b86cb8d 2 weeks ago 64.2MB ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ ## cp 容器与宿主机互相复制文件 语法 docker cp 容器ID/容器名:文件路径 宿主机路径 复制容器中文件到宿主机 docker cp 宿主机路径 容器ID/容器名:文件存储路径 复制宿主机文件到容器 参数说明 -a, –archive：复制文件同时复制文件用户信息 -L, –follow-link：保持源目标中的链接 示例 复制宿主机文件到容器的根目录中 root@test:/jia/test# docker run -d –name nginx nginx:latest //创建并运行nginx容器 33b6339003ef41fd62b909fd79e9056d53d944b3172f0f02fc717fd64a2648e3 root@test:/jia/test# docker exec nginx ls / //列出容器根目录 bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var root@test:/jia/test# docker cp test nginx:/ //复制文件到容器 root@test:/jia/test# docker exec nginx ls / //列出容器根目录 bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys test tmp usr var 从容器中复制文件到宿主目录 root@test:/jia/test# ls //列出目录 root@test:/jia/test# docker cp nginx:/test . //复制容器中文件到当前目录 root@test:/jia/test# ls //列出目录 test root@test:/jia/test# ## create 创建容器但不启动容器 语法 docker create 参数 镜像:tag（版本） 参数说明 –add-host： 在容器的hosts文件中添加记录 -a, –attach： 指定标准输入输出内容类型，可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项 –cap-add： 添加linux功能 –cap-drop： 删除linux功能 –cidfile： 将容器ID写入文件 -c， –cpu-shares： 设置cpu –device： 将主机设备添加到容器 –disable-content-trus： 不对镜像进行验证 –dns： 为容器设置自定义dns服务器‘ –dns-opt： 设置DNS选项 –dns-search： 指定DNS搜索域名 –domainname： 设置容器域名 –env , -e： 设置环境变量 –env-file： 读取变量文件进行设置容器变量 –expose： 设置端口映射 –hostname , -h： 设置容器主机名 –init： 在容器内运行一个初始化程序，以转发信号并获取进程 –ip： 设置容器的IPV4地址 –ip6： 设置容器IPV6地址 –isolation： 使用隔离技术 –link： 将链接添加到宿主机，也就是创建软连接 –link-local-ip： 设置容器本地地址 –mac-address： 设置容器MAC地址 –memory , -m： 设置内存 –memory-swap： 设置总内存大小，包含交换内存 –mount： 挂载文件系统 –name： 设置容器名称 –net： 将容器链接网络 –net-alias： 为容器网络起别名 –network： 容器链接到网络 –network-alias： 为容器网络起别名 –publish , -p： 将容器端口映射到宿主机 –publish-all , -P： 将容器所有端口映射到宿主机 –read-only： 将容器的根文件系统挂载为只读 –restart： 容器退出时重新启动策略以应用 –rm： 退出时自动删除容器 –stop-signal： 停止容器的信号 –tty , -t： 分配终端 –user , -u： 设置运行容器的用户 –workdir , -w： 设置容器的工作目录 参数还有很多，这里就不一一列举了，上面是常用的参数 示例 创建nginx容器并启动 root@test:/jia/test# docker create -t -i nginx:latest /bin/bash //创建容器 6f2cea61b80c117fe877589073b5f259a57623bd511a89330c72c825c0cbe4fd root@test:/jia/test# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 6f2cea61b80c nginx:latest "/bin/bash" 12 seconds ago Created funny_gould root@test:/jia/test# docker start -a -i 6f2cea61b80c //启动容器 root@6f2cea61b80c:/# ls //列出容器当前目录 bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var root@6f2cea61b80c:/# 创建名为nginx的容器并进行启动 root@test:/jia/test# docker create –name nginx -t -i nginx:latest /bin/bash //创建容器 5487d362e25bfcd39c70754972eb964121ba8408f3f97c89cac930208882e745 root@test:/jia/test# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 5487d362e25b nginx:latest "/bin/bash" 5 seconds ago Created nginx root@test:/jia/test# docker start -a -i nginx //启动容器并进行链接 root@5487d362e25b:/# ls bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var root@5487d362e25b:/# 创建nginx容器并映射端口 root@test:/jia/test# docker create –name nginx -p 80:80-it nginx:latest /bin/bash //创建容器 4cc06988f4284f01281a338b914aff247a16969e33177088673a281d848f99d4 root@test:/jia/test# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES ad7eb9da0f48 nginx:latest "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 seconds ago nginx root@test:/jia/test# docker start nginx //启动容器 nginx root@test:/jia/test# docker ps -a //查看容器状态 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES ad7eb9da0f48 nginx:latest "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx root@test:/jia/test# curl 127.0.0.1 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h2>Welcome to nginx!</h2> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/”>nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/”>nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> root@test:/jia/test# ## diff 查看容器改动 语法 docker diff 容器 符号说明 A 添加了文件或目录 D 文件或目录已删除 C 文件或目录已更改 示例 默认使用方法 root@test:/jia/test# docker diff nginx C /root A /root/.bash_history root@test:/jia/test# 复制test文件到nginx容器中查看你改动情况 root@test:/jia/test# docker cp test nginx:/ //复制test文件到容器的根目录 root@test:/jia/test# docker diff nginx A /test C /root A /root/.bash_history root@test:/jia/test# ## exec 在容器中执行命令 语法 docker exec 参数 容器ID/容器名称 命令 参数说明 –detach , -d：后台运行容器 –detach-keys：覆盖分离容器的键序列 –env , -e：设置环境变量 –interactive , -i： 即使未连接STDIN也保持打开状态 –privileged：赋予命令扩展权限 –tty , -t： 分配伪TTY –user , -u：指定运行用户 –workdir , -w：设置工作目录 示例 使用容器打印“hello word” root@test:/jia/test# docker run –name centos -itd centos:latest //创建并启动容器 1b75dac7104122e021fb8cc7989c8992eb8502f34713e76ee87e6d6f7796e83c root@test:/jia/test# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 1b75dac71041 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds centos root@test:/jia/test# docker exec centos echo "hello word" //使用 echo 打印“hello word” hello word root@test:/jia/test# 给容器建立交互式shell，并查看容器IP地址 root@test:/jia/test# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 1b75dac71041 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes centos root@test:/jia/test# docker exec -it centos /bin/bash //建立bash交互式shell [root@1b75dac71041 /]# ip addr //查看IP地址 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 20: eth0@if21: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0 inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@1b75dac71041 /]# 指定工作目录，并打印路径 root@test:/jia/test# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 1b75dac71041 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes centos root@test:/jia/test# docker exec -w /var/www/html centos pwd //设置工作目录，并进行打印目录 /var/www/html root@test:/jia/test# ## login 登入docker镜像源服务器 语法 docker login 参数 服务器地址 参数说明 -p, –password：指定登录服务器用户的密码 -u, –username：指定登录服务器用户的账户 示例 默认登录dockerhub root@test:/jia/test# docker login Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don’t have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one. Username: blxt Password: WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded root@test:/jia/test# 指定用户名和密码进行登录 root@test:/jia/test# docker login -u blxt -p 123456 WARNING! Using –password via the CLI is insecure. Use –password-stdin. WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded root@test:/jia/test# 登录阿里镜像仓库 root@jia:/etc# docker login -u ‘弑天倾城’ -p ‘123456’ registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com WARNING! Using –password via the CLI is insecure. Use –password-stdin. WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded root@jia:/etc# ## logout 退出登录镜像源服务器 语法 docker logout 镜像仓库地址 示例 退出dockerhub用户登录 root@jia:/etc# docker login -u blxt -p ‘JKY@jjj.123’ //登录dockerhub服务器 WARNING! Using –password via the CLI is insecure. Use –password-stdin. WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded root@jia:/etc# docker logout //退出登录 Removing login credentials for https://index.docker.io/v1/ root@jia:/etc# 退出阿里镜像仓库 root@jia:/etc# docker login -u ‘弑天倾城’ -p ‘123456’ registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com //登录阿里镜像仓库 WARNING! Using –password via the CLI is insecure. Use –password-stdin. WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded root@jia:/etc# docker logout //退出失败没有登录dockerhub仓库 Not logged in to https://index.docker.io/v1/ root@jia:/etc# docker logout registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com Removing login credentials for registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com //退出登录阿里镜像仓库 root@jia:/etc# ## logs 输出当前容器的日志信息 语法 docker logs 参数 容器ID/容器名 参数说明 –details：查看日志详细信息 –follow , -f：实时动态的查看日志 –since：显示生成日志的时间 –tail：显示日志行数 –timestamps , -t：显示时间戳 –until：显示某一时间段的日志信息 示例 默认查看容器日志 root@jia:/etc# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 85c8be92df44 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes 80/tcp nginx root@jia:/etc# docker logs nginx 172.17.0.1 – – [08/Jan/2020:08:19:02 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-" 172.17.0.1 – – [08/Jan/2020:08:19:04 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-" 172.17.0.1 – – [08/Jan/2020:08:19:07 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-" root@jia:/etc# 实时显示nginx容器的日志 root@jia:/etc# docker run –name nginx -itd nginx:latest //创建并启动nginx容器 85c8be92df44960e0973ae2b48907661679d921d0523cb93526351f07850f290 root@jia:/etc# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 85c8be92df44 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 80/tcp nginx root@jia:~# docker inspect nginx | IPAddress //查看容器的ip地址 IPAddress: command not found root@jia:~# docker inspect nginx | grep IPAddress "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", root@jia:~# curl 127.0.0.1 //访问nginx服务 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h2>Welcome to nginx!</h2> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/”>nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/”>nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> root@jia:/etc# docker logs -f nginx //输出日志信息 172.17.0.1 – – [08/Jan/2020:08:19:02 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-" 172.17.0.1 – – [08/Jan/2020:08:19:04 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-" 172.17.0.1 – – [08/Jan/2020:08:19:07 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-" ## port 查看容器的端口映射情况 语法 docker port 容器ID/容器名称 示例 列出nginx容器所有端口映射情况 root@jia:/etc# docker run –name nginx -itd -P nginx:latest //创建并启动容器，映射容器所有端口 b4e3a51697c2e35b4a17acee93630ac77c6e9fe94df99c70750b60c4f87b535a root@jia:/etc# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b4e3a51697c2 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp nginx root@jia:/etc# docker port nginx //显示容器端口映射情况 80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32768 root@jia:/etc# ## ps 列出容器列表 语法 docker ps 参数 参数说明 –all , -a：查看所有容器 –filter , -f：根据相关条件进行过滤 –format: 使用Go模板打印漂亮的容器 –last , -n:显示第几个创建的容器 –latest , -l：显示最新创建的容器 –no-trunc：显示详细信息 –quiet , -q：只显示容器ID –size , -s：显示容器的总大小 示例 查看所有容器 root@jia:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 79b53ebbc86e centos:latest "/bin/bash" 5 seconds ago Created fervent_payne b4e3a51697c2 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp nginx root@jia:~# 查看正在运行的容器 root@jia:~# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b4e3a51697c2 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp nginx root@jia:~# ## restart 重新启动容器 语法 docker restart 容器名称/容器ID 参数 -t:设置重启执行时间 示例 root@jia:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b4e3a51697c2 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 16 minutes ago Up 16 minutes 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp nginx root@jia:~# docker restart nginx nginx root@jia:~# ## rm 删除容器 语法 docker rm 参数 容器ID/容器名称 参数 –force , -f：根据条件进行删除容器，强制删除正在运行的容器 –link , -l：移除容器间的网络连接，而非容器本身 -v, –volumes：删除与容器关联的文件系统 示例 删除nginx容器 root@jia:~# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c3800e1bda43 centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute centos b4e3a51697c2 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 22 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp nginx root@jia:~# docker rm nginx //删除容器，但nginx容器正在运行所以无法使用此参数删除 Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container b4e3a51697c2e35b4a17acee93630ac77c6e9fe94df99c70750b60c4f87b535a. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove root@jia:~# docker rm -f nginx /制删除nginx容器 nginx root@jia:~# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c3800e1bda43 centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute centos root@jia:~# 删除所有容器 root@jia:~# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 4ee9b7488e32 nginx "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 26 seconds ago Up 25 seconds 80/tcp nginx c3800e1bda43 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes centos root@jia:~# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q) //删除容器失败，因为容器正在运行 Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 4ee9b7488e323c80d9acaa01a214d00bc3072e2430df5ce7a0560acea0c9587c. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container c3800e1bda43416add00ac18fb9c2d15e7d106e302ceef090e04d7fa6133368d. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove root@jia:~# docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q) //删除所有容器 4ee9b7488e32 c3800e1bda43 root@jia:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES root@jia:~# ## rmi 删除本地镜像 语法 docker rmi 参数 镜像名称/镜像ID 参数 –force , -f：强制删除 –no-prune：不移除该镜像的过程镜像，默认移除 示例 默认删除镜像 root@jia:~# docker images //查看本地镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 10 days ago 126MB ubuntu latest 549b9b86cb8d 2 weeks ago 64.2MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:~# docker rmi 549b9b86cb8d //删除ubuntu的镜像 Untagged: ubuntu:latest Untagged: ubuntu@sha256:250cc6f3f3ffc5cdaa9d8f4946ac79821aafb4d3afc93928f0de9336eba21aa4 Deleted: sha256:549b9b86cb8d75a2b668c21c50ee092716d070f129fd1493f95ab7e43767eab8 Deleted: sha256:7c52cdc1e32d67e3d5d9f83c95ebe18a58857e68bb6985b0381ebdcec73ff303 Deleted: sha256:a3c2e83788e20188bb7d720f36ebeef2f111c7b939f1b19aa1b4756791beece0 Deleted: sha256:61199b56f34827cbab596c63fd6e0ac0c448faa7e026e330994818190852d479 Deleted: sha256:2dc9f76fb25b31e0ae9d36adce713364c682ba0d2fa70756486e5cedfaf40012 root@jia:~# docker images //查看本地镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 10 days ago 126MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:~# 强制删除正在运行的镜像 root@jia:~# docker run -itd –name nginx nginx //启动创建容器 36b203a3fb5cf8fe6a1e13e298998c8510f7d24e49da36ada8d7181d89b16089 root@jia:~# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 36b203a3fb5c nginx "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 80/tcp nginx root@jia:~# docker images //查看本地镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 10 days ago 126MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:~# docker rmi nginx:latest //默认删除镜像，删除失败，报错镜像正在使用 Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "nginx:latest" (must force) – container 36b203a3fb5c is using its referenced image f7bb5701a33c root@jia:~# docker rmi -f nginx:latest /制删除镜像 Untagged: nginx:latest Untagged: nginx@sha256:b2d89d0a210398b4d1120b3e3a7672c16a4ba09c2c4a0395f18b9f7999b768f2 root@jia:~# docker images //查看镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE <none> <none> f7bb5701a33c 10 days ago 126MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:~# 注意：当强制删除镜像后，会直接删除，但是会生成新的镜像，容器不会被删除 ## save 保存镜像为tar包 语法 docker save 参数 镜像名称 文件目录及名称.tar 参数说明 –output , -o：保存到某文件 示例 将nginx镜像保存为文件 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 11 days ago 126MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:/jia/jia# docker save nginx:latest > nginx.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# ls nginx.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# 将多个镜像保存到一个文件 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker save -o test.tar nginx:latest centos:latest root@jia:/jia/jia# ls nginx.tar test.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# 使用gzip+tar进行打包压缩 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker save nginx:latest | gzip > nginx.tar.gz root@jia:/jia/jia# ls -lh //查看目录中文件长格式显示 total 513M -rw-r–r– 1 root root 125M Jan 9 16:57 nginx.tar -rw-r–r– 1 root root 47M Jan 9 17:03 nginx.tar.gz -rw——- 1 root root 342M Jan 9 17:00 test.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# ## top 查看容器中进程信息 语法 docker top 参数 容器ID/容器名称 示例 查看nginx容器中所有进程信息 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker run –name nginx -itd nginx:latest //创建启动nginx容器 69e353d8564025e07ee201098cafb9870d95b92edf990db2455aa6261c0bede6 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps -a //列出所有容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 69e353d85640 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 80/tcp nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# docker top nginx UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 28665 28637 1 17:08 pts/0 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off; systemd+ 28724 28665 0 17:08 pts/0 00:00:00 nginx: worker process root@jia:/jia/jia# ## version 查看docker软件版本 语法 docker version 参数 参数说明 -f, –format：使用给定的Go模板格式化输出 –kubeconfig：Kubernetes配置文件 示例 查看docker版本详细信息 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker version Client: Docker Engine – Community Version: 19.03.5 API version: 1.40 Go version: go1.12.12 Git commit: 633a0ea838 Built: Wed Nov 13 07:29:52 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false Server: Docker Engine – Community Engine: Version: 19.03.5 API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.12.12 Git commit: 633a0ea838 Built: Wed Nov 13 07:28:22 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.2.10 GitCommit: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339 runc: Version: 1.0.0-rc8+dev GitCommit: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657 docker-init: Version: 0.18.0 GitCommit: fec3683 root@jia:/jia/jia# 查看docker版本 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker version –format ‘{{.Server.Version}}’ 19.03.5 root@jia:/jia/jia# ## events 查看docker服务器实时事件 语法 docker events 参数 参数说明 -f，–filter：根据条件过滤事件 –since ：从指定的时间戳后显示所有事件 –until ：流水时间显示到指定的时间为止 –format：使用给定的Go模板格式化输出 示例 容器启动停止，使用events显示事件 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps -a //查看容器列表 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 69e353d85640 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes 80/tcp nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# docker stop nginx //停止容器 nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# docker start nginx //启动容器 nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# root@jia:~# docker events //查看实时事件，注意此命令不会自动终止需要crtl+c终止 2020-01-09T17:22:26.880177305+08:00 container kill 69e353d8564025e07ee201098cafb9870d95b92edf990db2455aa6261c0bede6 (image=nginx:latest, maintainer=NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>, name=nginx, signal=15) 2020-01-09T17:22:27.005016080+08:00 container die 69e353d8564025e07ee201098cafb9870d95b92edf990db2455aa6261c0bede6 (exitCode=0, image=nginx:latest, maintainer=NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>, name=nginx) 2020-01-09T17:22:27.103273324+08:00 network disconnect f2ccf449e47668433fb96511ef577c7515be7f481a7a9cb386c9d46650cbabbf (container=69e353d8564025e07ee201098cafb9870d95b92edf990db2455aa6261c0bede6, name=bridge, type=bridge) 2020-01-09T17:22:27.145650268+08:00 container stop 69e353d8564025e07ee201098cafb9870d95b92edf990db2455aa6261c0bede6 (image=nginx:latest, maintainer=NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>, name=nginx) 2020-01-09T17:22:33.680477968+08:00 network connect f2ccf449e47668433fb96511ef577c7515be7f481a7a9cb386c9d46650cbabbf (container=69e353d8564025e07ee201098cafb9870d95b92edf990db2455aa6261c0bede6, name=bridge, type=bridge) 2020-01-09T17:22:34.093551544+08:00 container start 69e353d8564025e07ee201098cafb9870d95b92edf990db2455aa6261c0bede6 (image=nginx:latest, maintainer=NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>, name=nginx) ## import 从tar文件导入docker为镜像 语法 docker import 参数 tar文件目录名称 导入的镜像名称：tag（版本） 参数说明 –change , -c： 将Dockerfile指令应用于创建的映像 –message , -m： 设置导入图像的提交消息 示例 将nginx.tar的镜像包导入docker并命名nginx版本V1 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker images //查看本地所有镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 11 days ago 126MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:/jia/jia# ls nginx.tar nginx.tar.gz test.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# docker import nginx.tar nginx:V1 sha256:07b2b1766ed11df9e7a12f98a4c5127c1aa0087e6b7d4eb0bc21490f168c1b0d root@jia:/jia/jia# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx V1 07b2b1766ed1 3 seconds ago 130MB nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 11 days ago 126MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:/jia/jia# 导入使用tar打包gzip压缩的镜像 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker import nginx.tar.gz nginx:V2 sha256:ca7505dbea914f7babb1ed3667d1a133461c344d92ea978585b64fe7dabf5b36 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx V2 ca7505dbea91 8 seconds ago 130MB nginx V1 07b2b1766ed1 2 minutes ago 130MB nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 11 days ago 126MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:/jia/jia# ## export 从docker导出容器为tar文件 语法 docker export 参数 容器名称/容器ID 参数说明 –output , -o：写入文件 示例 导出centos容器并命名为centos.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# docker run –name centos -itd centos:latest //创建并启动centos容器 06b5abbb068dc493056aae6f1526b81028f931fd160fe470a937e15ac0110bdf root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 06b5abbb068d centos:latest "/bin/bash" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds centos 69e353d85640 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 32 minutes ago Up 18 minutes 80/tcp nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# docker export centos > centos.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# ls centos.tar nginx.tar nginx.tar.gz test.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# 导出centos容器并命名为centos.tar.gz,使用gzip压缩 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker export centos > centos.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# ls centos.tar nginx.tar nginx.tar.gz test.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# docker export centos | gzip > centos.tar.gz root@jia:/jia/jia# ls -lh total 796M -rw-r–r– 1 root root 217M Jan 9 17:41 centos.tar -rw-r–r– 1 root root 67M Jan 9 17:43 centos.tar.gz -rw-r–r– 1 root root 125M Jan 9 16:57 nginx.tar -rw-r–r– 1 root root 47M Jan 9 17:03 nginx.tar.gz -rw——- 1 root root 342M Jan 9 17:00 test.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# 导出nginx容器，并命名nginx1.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# docker export -o nginx1.tar nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# ls centos.tar centos.tar.gz nginx1.tar nginx.tar nginx.tar.gz test.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# ## info 查看docker系统信息 语法 docekr info 参数 参数说明 –format , -f：使用给定的Go模板格式化输出 示例 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker info Client: Debug Mode: false Server: Containers: 2 Running: 2 Paused: 0 Stopped: 0 Images: 4 Server Version: 19.03.5 Storage Driver: overlay2 Backing Filesystem: extfs Supports d_type: true Native Overlay Diff: true Logging Driver: json-file Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs Plugins: Volume: local Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog Swarm: inactive Runtimes: runc Default Runtime: runc Init Binary: docker-init containerd version: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339 runc version: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657 init version: fec3683 Security Options: apparmor seccomp Profile: default Kernel Version: 4.15.0-65-generic Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 2 Total Memory: 3.852GiB Name: jia ID: 74XS:4TCO:7OQX:BKF2:O2WW:JYEF:6Y6Q:RT3X:YVRO:Y2LP:JZIA:AHSB Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker Debug Mode: false Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ Labels: Experimental: false Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 Live Restore Enabled: false WARNING: No swap limit support root@jia:/jia/jia# ## inspect 查看容器详细信息 语法 docker inspect 参数 容器ID/容器名称 参数说明 –format , -f：使用给定的Go模板格式化输出 –size , -s：显示文件总大小 –type :为指定类型返回JSON 示例 获取容器IP地址 第一种方式： root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 06b5abbb068d centos:latest "/bin/bash" 17 hours ago Up 17 hours centos 69e353d85640 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 17 hours ago Up 17 hours 80/tcp nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# docker inspect centos | grep IPAddress "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3", root@jia:/jia/jia# 第二种方式：（只显示IP地址） root@jia:/jia/jia# docker inspect –format='{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}’ centos 172.17.0.3 root@jia:/jia/jia# 获取容器MAC地址 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker inspect centos | grep MacAddress "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03", root@jia:/jia/jia# 获取容器日志目录 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker inspect centos | grep log "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/06b5abbb068dc493056aae6f1526b81028f931fd160fe470a937e15ac0110bdf/06b5abbb068dc493056aae6f1526b81028f931fd160fe470a937e15ac0110bdf-json.log", root@jia:/jia/jia# ## kill 杀死正在运行的容器 语法 docker kill 参数 容器ID/容器名称 参数说明 –signal , -s：向容器发送信号 示例 杀死正在运行的centos容器 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 06b5abbb068d centos:latest "/bin/bash" 17 hours ago Up 17 hours centos 69e353d85640 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 18 hours ago Up 17 hours 80/tcp nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# docker kill centos centos root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps -a //查看所有容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 06b5abbb068d centos:latest "/bin/bash" 17 hours ago Exited (137) 6 seconds ago centos 69e353d85640 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 18 hours ago Up 17 hours 80/tcp nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# 杀死正在运行的nginx容器，发送kill信号 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker kill –signal=kill nginx nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 06b5abbb068d centos:latest "/bin/bash" 17 hours ago Exited (137) 3 minutes ago centos 69e353d85640 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 18 hours ago Exited (137) 1 second ago nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# ## load 从tar文件中加载为docker镜像 语法 docker load 参数 tar文件 参数说明 -i, –input：从tar存档文件中读取，而不是从STDIN中读取 –quiet , -q：显示简要信息 示例 导入nginx镜像 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker images //查看所有镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:/jia/jia# docker load < nginx.tar.gz 556c5fb0d91b: Loading layer [==================================================>] 72.48MB/72.48MB 49434cc20e95: Loading layer [==================================================>] 57.67MB/57.67MB 75248c0d5438: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.584kB/3.584kB Loaded image: nginx:latest root@jia:/jia/jia# docker images //查看所有镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 12 days ago 126MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:/jia/jia# ## pause 暂停容器 语法 docker pause 容器ID/容器名称 示例 暂停centos容器 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker run -itd –name centos centos:latest //创建并运行 48e49042b927f427aed68437e12e5acd14b82e3a33a71b6f236bcef5c3edd41d root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 48e49042b927 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 2 seconds ago Up 2 seconds centos root@jia:/jia/jia# docker pause centos centos root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps -a //查看所有容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 48e49042b927 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 14 seconds ago Up 13 seconds (Paused) centos root@jia:/jia/jia# 容器暂停后会在状态处加(Paused) ## unpause 取消容器暂停状态 语法 docker unpause 容器ID/容器名称 示例 取消centos容器的暂停操作 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps -a //查看所有容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 48e49042b927 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 14 seconds ago Up 13 seconds (Paused) centos root@jia:/jia/jia# docker unpause centos centos root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps -a //查看所有容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 48e49042b927 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes centos root@jia:/jia/jia# ## tag 给镜像进行打标签 语法 docker tag 源镜像ID/源镜像名称:tag（版本） 目标镜像名称：tag（版本） 示例 给centos镜像重新打标签 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker tag centos:latest centos:V1 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 12 days ago 126MB centos V1 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:/jia/jia# ## wait 阻塞运行直到容器停止，然后打印出它的退出代码 语法 docekr wait 容器ID/容器名称 示例 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker run -itd –name nginx nginx //创建启动容器 57af5446f0eaff56a54c3a5559ac0073511de9b9f48c93ff04bbcd0c62b3a809 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 57af5446f0ea nginx "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 80/tcp nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# docker inspect nginx | grep IPAddress //查看容器IP地址 "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", root@jia:/jia/jia# curl 172.17.0.2 //访问容器的80端口 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h2>Welcome to nginx!</h2> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/”>nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/”>nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> root@jia:/jia/jia# docker wait nginx //启动阻塞 root@jia:~# curl 172.18.0.2 //发现无法访问容器nginx页面上次只是给大家把命令的作用以及简单使用列出来了（大家可以查看：docker命令总结（一）），那这篇文章会详细介绍每条命令的参数 ## search docker search：此命令是用来在仓库中查找docker镜像 语法： docker search 参数 镜像名称:tag（版本） 参数说明： –filter，-f：根据相关条件过滤输出 –format：使用Go模板进行漂亮的打印搜索 –limit：指定最大搜索结果，默认25个 –no-trunc：显示完整的镜像描述 –stars，-s：列出收藏数不小于指定值的镜像 –automated：仅显示自动构建的镜像 示例： 默认搜索 ubuntu@VM-101-242-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker search nginx NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED nginx Official build of Nginx. 12438 jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 1713 richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 750 linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 84 bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 75 tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp… 60 nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… 35 jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho… 34 nginx/unit NGINX Unit is a dynamic web and application … 33 jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 31 nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes 22 privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al… 19 schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra… 17 blacklabelops/nginx Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server. 12 centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n… 12 nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 12 centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building … 11 nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter 9 sophos/nginx-vts-exporter Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats a… 6 mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend 5 1science/nginx Nginx Docker images that include Consul Temp… 5 pebbletech/nginx-proxy nginx-proxy sets up a container running ngin… 2 ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb An APB to deploy NGINX 1 centos/nginx-110-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.10 or building … 0 wodby/nginx Generic nginx 0 ubuntu@VM-101-242-ubuntu:~$ 搜索收藏数大于10的nginx镜像，并显示详细信息 ubuntu@VM-101-242-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker search –stars=10 –no-trunc nginx Flag –stars has been deprecated, use –filter=stars=3 instead NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED nginx Official build of Nginx. 12438 jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker containers 1713 richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of pulling application code from git 750 linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxServer.io. 84 bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 75 tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp-module module for live multimedia (video) streaming. 60 nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page containing its hostname, IP address and port … 35 jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy hosts with a simple, powerful interface 34 nginx/unit NGINX Unit is a dynamic web and application server designed to run applications in various languages 33 jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 31 nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes 22 privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Alpine Linux stack 19 schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP traffic to another server, based on nginx 17 centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building nginx-based application 12 nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 12 blacklabelops/nginx Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server. 12 centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building nginx-based application 11 ubuntu@VM-101-242-ubuntu:~$ 使用条件查找收藏数大于10的nginx镜像 ubuntu@VM-101-242-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker search –filter stars=3 nginx NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED nginx Official build of Nginx. 12438 jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 1713 richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 750 linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 84 bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 75 tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp… 60 nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… 35 jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho… 34 nginx/unit NGINX Unit is a dynamic web and application … 33 jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 31 nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes 22 privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al… 19 schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra… 17 centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n… 12 blacklabelops/nginx Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server. 12 nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 12 centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building … 11 nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter 9 sophos/nginx-vts-exporter Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats a… 6 mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend 5 1science/nginx Nginx Docker images that include Consul Temp… 5 ubuntu@VM-101-242-ubuntu:~$ ## pull 从docker仓库下载镜像到本地 语法 docker pull 镜像名称:tag（版本） 参数说明 -a, –all-tags：下载所有版本的镜像 -q, –quiet：不显示详细信息 –disable-content-trust：不对下载的镜像进行校验 –platform：指定下载镜像服务器的平台信息 示例 下载nginx默认版本的docker镜像 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker pull nginx:latest latest: Pulling from library/nginx 8ec398bc0356: Pull complete 465560073b6f: Pull complete f473f9fd0a8c: Pull complete Digest: sha256:b2d89d0a210398b4d1120b3e3a7672c16a4ba09c2c4a0395f18b9f7999b768f2 Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest docker.io/library/nginx:latest ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 9 days ago 126MB ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ ## push 推送指定镜像到docker镜像服务器 语法 docker push 本地镜像：tag(版本) 参数说明 –disable-content-trust：不对镜像进行校验 示例 docker push blxt:5000/blxt/nginx 上传nginx到私有仓库 ## images 查看本地所有docker镜像 语法 docker images 参数 镜像:tag（版本） 参数说明 -a, –all：列出本地所有镜像 –digests：显示镜像简单信息说明 -f, –filter：根据相关条件过滤输出 –format：使用Go模板进行漂亮的打印搜索 –no-trunc：显示镜像的完整信息 -q, –quiet：只显示镜像ID 示例 查看本地所有镜像 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images -a REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 9 days ago 126MB ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ 查看镜像详细信息 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images –no-trunc nginx:latest REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest sha256:f7bb5701a33c0e572ed06ca554edca1bee96cbbc1f76f3b01c985de7e19d0657 9 days ago 126MB ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ 查看镜像ID ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images -q nginx:latest f7bb5701a33c ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ ## run 创建容器，并运行 语法 docker run 参数 镜像:tag（版本） 参数说明 -a, –attach： 指定标准输入输出内容类型，可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项 -d: 容器将在后台运行 -t： 给容器分配tty终端 –sig-proxy=true： 将所有接收到的信号代理到进程（仅限非TTY模式） -i: 以交互模式运行容器 –name: 给容器设置名称 –dns： 为容器设置自定义dns服务器 –dns-search： 指定DNS搜索域名 –network： 为容器指定网卡 –network-alias： 为容器的网卡设置别名 –add-host： 在容器的hosts文件中添加记录 –mac-address： 设置容器的MAC地址 –ip： 设置容器的IPV4地址 –ip6： 设置容器IPV6地址 –link-local-ip： 设置一个或多个容器的以太网设备的链接本地IPv4/IPv6地址 –rm： 容器退出时自动删除容器 -m， –memory： 设置容器内存大小，最小4M –memory-swap： 设置容器的总内存大小，包含交换分区 -c， –cpu-shares： 设置cpu –cpus： 设置cpu数量 –entrypoint： 在容器运行时执行的默认命令 –expose： 设置端口映射 -P： 将容器中所有端口映射到宿主机 -p： 将容器的某个端口映射到宿主机 –link： 将链接添加到另外一个容器 -v, –volume： 将宿主机的文件挂载到容器中 –volumes-from： 将宿主机的所有文件系统挂载到容器 -u，–user： 设置所使用的用户名或UID以及指定命令的可选组名或GID -h： 指定容器主机名称 -e： 设置环境变量 –env-file： 从指定文件中导入变量 参数还有很多，这里就不一一列举了，上面是常用的参数 示例 后台运行nginx容器，并取名为nginx ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run -d –name nginx nginx:latest 06a913a442f9729e284b1a0628e5ce46561f81c6e8777f91d184f10de079cb55 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 06a913a442f9 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 18 seconds ago Up 15 seconds 80/tcp nginx ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ 后台运行nginx容器，并映射容器80端口到宿主机的80端口 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run -d –name nginx -p 80:80 nginx:latest c026ee7e0c9477c15ac42965ed19af92b6017e7bcce079fd450f8cee5f2d9de6 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c026ee7e0c94 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 8 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo curl 127.0.0.1 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h2>Welcome to nginx!</h2> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/”>nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/”>nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ 创建nginx容器，并进行交互式启动 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run -it –name nginx nginx:latest /bin/bash root@4a518f4a2a01:/# ## history 查看镜像形成过程 语法 docker history 参数 镜像：tag（版本） 参数 –format：使用Go模板进行漂亮的打印搜索 -H, –human：以可读格式打印大小和日期（默认为true） –no-trunc：显示形成详细信息 -q, –quiet：只显示镜像ID 示例 默认使用方法 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker history nginx:latest IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT f7bb5701a33c 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon… 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx… 22B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c set -x && addgroup –system -… 57.1MB <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~buster 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NJS_VERSION=0.3.7 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.17.6 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL maintainer=NGINX Do… 0B <missing> 10 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B <missing> 10 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:04caaf303199c81ff… 69.2MB ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ 只打印镜像ID ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker history -q nginx:latest f7bb5701a33c <missing> <missing> <missing> <missing> <missing> <missing> <missing> <missing> <missing> <missing> ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ 显示镜像形成的详细信息 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker history –no-trunc nginx IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT sha256:f7bb5701a33c0e572ed06ca554edca1bee96cbbc1f76f3b01c985de7e19d0657 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon off;"] 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx/access.log && ln -sf /dev/stderr /var/log/nginx/error.log 22B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c set -x && addgroup –system –gid 101 nginx && adduser –system –disabled-login –ingroup nginx –no-create-home –home /nonexistent –gecos "nginx user" –shell /bin/false –uid 101 nginx && apt-get update && apt-get install –no-install-recommends –no-install-suggests -y gnupg1 ca-certificates && NGINX_GPGKEY=573BFD6B3D8FBC641079A6ABABF5BD827BD9BF62; found=”; for server in ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 pgp.mit.edu ; do echo "Fetching GPG key $NGINX_GPGKEY from $server"; apt-key adv –keyserver "$server" –keyserver-options timeout=10 –recv-keys "$NGINX_GPGKEY" && found=yes && break; done; test -z "$found" && echo >&2 "error: failed to fetch GPG key $NGINX_GPGKEY" && exit 1; apt-get remove –purge –auto-remove -y gnupg1 && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/ && dpkgArch="$(dpkg –print-architecture)" && nginxPackages=" nginx=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-xslt=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-geoip=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-image-filter=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-njs=${NGINX_VERSION}.${NJS_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} " && case "$dpkgArch" in amd64|i386) echo "deb https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ buster nginx" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list && apt-get update ;; ) echo "deb-src https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ buster nginx" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list && tempDir="$(mktemp -d)" && chmod 777 "$tempDir" && savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)" && apt-get update && apt-get build-dep -y $nginxPackages && ( cd "$tempDir" && DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS="nocheck parallel=$(nproc)" apt-get source –compile $nginxPackages ) && apt-mark showmanual | xargs apt-mark auto > /dev/null && { [ -z "$savedAptMark" ] || apt-mark manual $savedAptMark; } && ls -lAFh "$tempDir" && ( cd "$tempDir" && dpkg-scanpackages . > Packages ) && grep ‘^Package: ‘ "$tempDir/Packages" && echo "deb [ trusted=yes ] file://$tempDir ./" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/temp.list && apt-get -o Acquire::GzipIndexes=false update ;; esac && apt-get install –no-install-recommends –no-install-suggests -y $nginxPackages gettext-base && apt-get remove –purge –auto-remove -y ca-certificates && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/ /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list && if [ -n "$tempDir" ]; then apt-get purge -y –auto-remove && rm -rf "$tempDir" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/temp.list; fi 57.1MB <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~buster 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NJS_VERSION=0.3.7 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.17.6 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker history –no-trunc nginx:latest IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT sha256:f7bb5701a33c0e572ed06ca554edca1bee96cbbc1f76f3b01c985de7e19d0657 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon off;"] 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx/access.log && ln -sf /dev/stderr /var/log/nginx/error.log 22B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c set -x && addgroup –system –gid 101 nginx && adduser –system –disabled-login –ingroup nginx –no-create-home –home /nonexistent –gecos "nginx user" –shell /bin/false –uid 101 nginx && apt-get update && apt-get install –no-install-recommends –no-install-suggests -y gnupg1 ca-certificates && NGINX_GPGKEY=573BFD6B3D8FBC641079A6ABABF5BD827BD9BF62; found=”; for server in ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 pgp.mit.edu ; do echo "Fetching GPG key $NGINX_GPGKEY from $server"; apt-key adv –keyserver "$server" –keyserver-options timeout=10 –recv-keys "$NGINX_GPGKEY" && found=yes && break; done; test -z "$found" && echo >&2 "error: failed to fetch GPG key $NGINX_GPGKEY" && exit 1; apt-get remove –purge –auto-remove -y gnupg1 && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/ && dpkgArch="$(dpkg –print-architecture)" && nginxPackages=" nginx=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-xslt=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-geoip=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-image-filter=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-njs=${NGINX_VERSION}.${NJS_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} " && case "$dpkgArch" in amd64|i386) echo "deb https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ buster nginx" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list && apt-get update ;; ) echo "deb-src https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ buster nginx" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list && tempDir="$(mktemp -d)" && chmod 777 "$tempDir" && savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)" && apt-get update && apt-get build-dep -y $nginxPackages && ( cd "$tempDir" && DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS="nocheck parallel=$(nproc)" apt-get source –compile $nginxPackages ) && apt-mark showmanual | xargs apt-mark auto > /dev/null && { [ -z "$savedAptMark" ] || apt-mark manual $savedAptMark; } && ls -lAFh "$tempDir" && ( cd "$tempDir" && dpkg-scanpackages . > Packages ) && grep ‘^Package: ‘ "$tempDir/Packages" && echo "deb [ trusted=yes ] file://$tempDir ./" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/temp.list && apt-get -o Acquire::GzipIndexes=false update ;; esac && apt-get install –no-install-recommends –no-install-suggests -y $nginxPackages gettext-base && apt-get remove –purge –auto-remove -y ca-certificates && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/ /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list && if [ -n "$tempDir" ]; then apt-get purge -y –auto-remove && rm -rf "$tempDir" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/temp.list; fi 57.1MB <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~buster 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NJS_VERSION=0.3.7 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.17.6 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL maintainer=NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com> 0B <missing> 10 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B <missing> 10 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:04caaf303199c81ff1a94e2e39d5096f9d02b73294b82758e5bc6e23aff94272 in / 69.2MB ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ ## start 启动容器 语法 docker start 参数 容器ID/容器名称 参数说明 -a, –attach：附加STDOUT/STDERR和转发信号 –checkpoint：从快照进行还原 –checkpoint-dir：使用自定义检查点存储目录 –detach-keys：重写用于分离容器的键序列 -i, –interactive：附加容器的STDIN 示例 启动使用create创建的nginx容器 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 8b9053318855 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 9 seconds ago Created admiring_rhodes ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker start 8b9053318855 8b9053318855 ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 8b9053318855 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 40 seconds ago Up 7 seconds 80/tcp admiring_rhodes ubuntu@VM-35-226-ubuntu:~$ ## stop 关闭容器 语法 docker stop 参数 容器ID/容器名称 参数说明 –time , -t：在多少时间后关闭容器 示例 默认使用方法 ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run -d –name nginx nginx:latest 4c1e4ab3cfdcb7c5c55052238525e79bb82c0b5cf70b18420520ec2884669272 ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 4c1e4ab3cfdc nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 7 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 80/tcp nginx ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker stop nginx nginx ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 4c1e4ab3cfdc nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 26 seconds ago Exited (0) 5 seconds ago nginx ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ ## build 通过dockerfile制作镜像 语法 docker build 参数 路径 参数说明 –build-arg：设置创建时的变量 –cgroup-parent：容器的可选父cgroup –compress：使用gzip压缩构建上下文 –cpu-shares :设置 cpu 使用权重 –cpu-period :限制 CPU CFS周期 –cpu-quota :限制 CPU CFS配额 –cpuset-cpus :指定使用的CPU id –cpuset-mems :指定使用的内存 id –disable-content-trus:跳过镜像验证 –file , -f：指定dockerfile的名称，默认为dockerfile –force-rm：始终移除中间容器 –iidfile：将镜像ID写入文件 –isolation：使用容器隔离 –label：为镜像设置元数据 –memory , -m：设置内存限制 –memory-swap：设置总内存，包含交换内存 –network：设置镜像网络信息 –no-cache：构建镜像不使用缓存 –output , -o：设置镜像生成位置 –pull：始终尝试提取图像的较新版本 –quiet , -q： 禁止生成输出并成功打印图像ID –rm：成功构建后删除中间容器 –tag, -t: 镜像的名字及标签 –ulimit :Ulimit配置 –shm-size :设置/dev/shm的大小，默认值是64M 示例 使用当前目录下的dockerfile制作nginx：V1镜像 docker build -t nginx：V1 . 创建nginx：V2镜像，使用非当前目录下的dockerfile docker build -t nginx:V2 -f /opt/dockerfile 添加其他主机到容器文件中 docker build –add-host=docker:1.1.1.1 . 使用参数–squash创建名为test:1的镜像 docker build –squash -t test:1 . ## attach 当前shell连接运行容器 语法 docker attach 参数 容器ID/容器名称 参数 –detach-keys： 覆盖分离容器的键序列 –no-stdin：不要附上STDIN –sig-proxy：代理所有接收到的信号到进程 示例 默认使用方法 ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run -d –name ubuntu ubuntu /usr/bin/top -b 98c3f0964ad3a38e360867941a5510cd77e164a835be5b9b69aa47d3d5ceed17 ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker attach ubuntu top – 08:24:58 up 1:12, 0 users, load average: 0.04, 0.06, 0.01 Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 2.3 us, 1.7 sy, 0.0 ni, 96.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 885080 total, 149760 free, 231524 used, 503796 buff/cache KiB Swap: 0 total, 0 free, 0 used. 499100 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 36480 3100 2748 R 0.0 0.4 0:00.19 top top – 08:25:01 up 1:12, 0 users, load average: 0.04, 0.06, 0.01 Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 1.0 us, 0.7 sy, 0.0 ni, 98.0 id, 0.3 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 885080 total, 151252 free, 230048 used, 503780 buff/cache KiB Swap: 0 total, 0 free, 0 used. 500588 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 36480 3100 2748 R 0.0 0.4 0:00.19 top top – 08:25:04 up 1:13, 0 users, load average: 0.04, 0.06, 0.01 Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 1.3 us, 1.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 97.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 885080 total, 151264 free, 230016 used, 503800 buff/cache KiB Swap: 0 total, 0 free, 0 used. 500616 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 36480 3100 2748 R 0.0 0.4 0:00.19 top 您可以看到该bash 过程返回的退出代码也由docker attach命令返回给其调用者 ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run –name ubuntu -d -it ubuntu 9ac7802feb2b77bb905bc9f4c5ca9782e6800fc995b1f2b39da78239d86a7405 ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker attach ubuntu root@9ac7802feb2b:/# root@9ac7802feb2b:/# ## commit 保存当前容器为镜像/快照 语法 docker commit 容器名称/容器ID 镜像名:tag（版本） 示例 ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images //查看镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 9 days ago 126MB ubuntu latest 549b9b86cb8d 2 weeks ago 64.2MB ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run -itd –name nginx nginx:latest //创建容器 9566c54f3883b0a3b2f92dc94eb8520772d5d05826d7025be23212768f4d7967 ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -a //查看容器状态 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9566c54f3883 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 11 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 80/tcp nginx ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker commit nginx nginx:V1 //生成快照 sha256:e091997549ff02cf6309d6146b7626c6efef6dd9ce598c632f6bf0f4d090978c ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images //查看镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx V1 e091997549ff 22 seconds ago 126MB nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 9 days ago 126MB ubuntu latest 549b9b86cb8d 2 weeks ago 64.2MB ubuntu@VM-121-163-ubuntu:~$ ## cp 容器与宿主机互相复制文件 语法 docker cp 容器ID/容器名:文件路径 宿主机路径 复制容器中文件到宿主机 docker cp 宿主机路径 容器ID/容器名:文件存储路径 复制宿主机文件到容器 参数说明 -a, –archive：复制文件同时复制文件用户信息 -L, –follow-link：保持源目标中的链接 示例 复制宿主机文件到容器的根目录中 root@test:/jia/test# docker run -d –name nginx nginx:latest //创建并运行nginx容器 33b6339003ef41fd62b909fd79e9056d53d944b3172f0f02fc717fd64a2648e3 root@test:/jia/test# docker exec nginx ls / //列出容器根目录 bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var root@test:/jia/test# docker cp test nginx:/ //复制文件到容器 root@test:/jia/test# docker exec nginx ls / //列出容器根目录 bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys test tmp usr var 从容器中复制文件到宿主目录 root@test:/jia/test# ls //列出目录 root@test:/jia/test# docker cp nginx:/test . //复制容器中文件到当前目录 root@test:/jia/test# ls //列出目录 test root@test:/jia/test# ## create 创建容器但不启动容器 语法 docker create 参数 镜像:tag（版本） 参数说明 –add-host： 在容器的hosts文件中添加记录 -a, –attach： 指定标准输入输出内容类型，可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项 –cap-add： 添加linux功能 –cap-drop： 删除linux功能 –cidfile： 将容器ID写入文件 -c， –cpu-shares： 设置cpu –device： 将主机设备添加到容器 –disable-content-trus： 不对镜像进行验证 –dns： 为容器设置自定义dns服务器‘ –dns-opt： 设置DNS选项 –dns-search： 指定DNS搜索域名 –domainname： 设置容器域名 –env , -e： 设置环境变量 –env-file： 读取变量文件进行设置容器变量 –expose： 设置端口映射 –hostname , -h： 设置容器主机名 –init： 在容器内运行一个初始化程序，以转发信号并获取进程 –ip： 设置容器的IPV4地址 –ip6： 设置容器IPV6地址 –isolation： 使用隔离技术 –link： 将链接添加到宿主机，也就是创建软连接 –link-local-ip： 设置容器本地地址 –mac-address： 设置容器MAC地址 –memory , -m： 设置内存 –memory-swap： 设置总内存大小，包含交换内存 –mount： 挂载文件系统 –name： 设置容器名称 –net： 将容器链接网络 –net-alias： 为容器网络起别名 –network： 容器链接到网络 –network-alias： 为容器网络起别名 –publish , -p： 将容器端口映射到宿主机 –publish-all , -P： 将容器所有端口映射到宿主机 –read-only： 将容器的根文件系统挂载为只读 –restart： 容器退出时重新启动策略以应用 –rm： 退出时自动删除容器 –stop-signal： 停止容器的信号 –tty , -t： 分配终端 –user , -u： 设置运行容器的用户 –workdir , -w： 设置容器的工作目录 参数还有很多，这里就不一一列举了，上面是常用的参数 示例 创建nginx容器并启动 root@test:/jia/test# docker create -t -i nginx:latest /bin/bash //创建容器 6f2cea61b80c117fe877589073b5f259a57623bd511a89330c72c825c0cbe4fd root@test:/jia/test# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 6f2cea61b80c nginx:latest "/bin/bash" 12 seconds ago Created funny_gould root@test:/jia/test# docker start -a -i 6f2cea61b80c //启动容器 root@6f2cea61b80c:/# ls //列出容器当前目录 bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var root@6f2cea61b80c:/# 创建名为nginx的容器并进行启动 root@test:/jia/test# docker create –name nginx -t -i nginx:latest /bin/bash //创建容器 5487d362e25bfcd39c70754972eb964121ba8408f3f97c89cac930208882e745 root@test:/jia/test# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 5487d362e25b nginx:latest "/bin/bash" 5 seconds ago Created nginx root@test:/jia/test# docker start -a -i nginx //启动容器并进行链接 root@5487d362e25b:/# ls bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var root@5487d362e25b:/# 创建nginx容器并映射端口 root@test:/jia/test# docker create –name nginx -p 80:80-it nginx:latest /bin/bash //创建容器 4cc06988f4284f01281a338b914aff247a16969e33177088673a281d848f99d4 root@test:/jia/test# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES ad7eb9da0f48 nginx:latest "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 seconds ago nginx root@test:/jia/test# docker start nginx //启动容器 nginx root@test:/jia/test# docker ps -a //查看容器状态 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES ad7eb9da0f48 nginx:latest "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx root@test:/jia/test# curl 127.0.0.1 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h2>Welcome to nginx!</h2> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/”>nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/”>nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> root@test:/jia/test# ## diff 查看容器改动 语法 docker diff 容器 符号说明 A 添加了文件或目录 D 文件或目录已删除 C 文件或目录已更改 示例 默认使用方法 root@test:/jia/test# docker diff nginx C /root A /root/.bash_history root@test:/jia/test# 复制test文件到nginx容器中查看你改动情况 root@test:/jia/test# docker cp test nginx:/ //复制test文件到容器的根目录 root@test:/jia/test# docker diff nginx A /test C /root A /root/.bash_history root@test:/jia/test# ## exec 在容器中执行命令 语法 docker exec 参数 容器ID/容器名称 命令 参数说明 –detach , -d：后台运行容器 –detach-keys：覆盖分离容器的键序列 –env , -e：设置环境变量 –interactive , -i： 即使未连接STDIN也保持打开状态 –privileged：赋予命令扩展权限 –tty , -t： 分配伪TTY –user , -u：指定运行用户 –workdir , -w：设置工作目录 示例 使用容器打印“hello word” root@test:/jia/test# docker run –name centos -itd centos:latest //创建并启动容器 1b75dac7104122e021fb8cc7989c8992eb8502f34713e76ee87e6d6f7796e83c root@test:/jia/test# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 1b75dac71041 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds centos root@test:/jia/test# docker exec centos echo "hello word" //使用 echo 打印“hello word” hello word root@test:/jia/test# 给容器建立交互式shell，并查看容器IP地址 root@test:/jia/test# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 1b75dac71041 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes centos root@test:/jia/test# docker exec -it centos /bin/bash //建立bash交互式shell [root@1b75dac71041 /]# ip addr //查看IP地址 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 20: eth0@if21: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0 inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@1b75dac71041 /]# 指定工作目录，并打印路径 root@test:/jia/test# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 1b75dac71041 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes centos root@test:/jia/test# docker exec -w /var/www/html centos pwd //设置工作目录，并进行打印目录 /var/www/html root@test:/jia/test# ## login 登入docker镜像源服务器 语法 docker login 参数 服务器地址 参数说明 -p, –password：指定登录服务器用户的密码 -u, –username：指定登录服务器用户的账户 示例 默认登录dockerhub root@test:/jia/test# docker login Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don’t have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one. Username: blxt Password: WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded root@test:/jia/test# 指定用户名和密码进行登录 root@test:/jia/test# docker login -u blxt -p 123456 WARNING! Using –password via the CLI is insecure. Use –password-stdin. WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded root@test:/jia/test# 登录阿里镜像仓库 root@jia:/etc# docker login -u ‘弑天倾城’ -p ‘123456’ registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com WARNING! Using –password via the CLI is insecure. Use –password-stdin. WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded root@jia:/etc# ## logout 退出登录镜像源服务器 语法 docker logout 镜像仓库地址 示例 退出dockerhub用户登录 root@jia:/etc# docker login -u blxt -p ‘JKY@jjj.123’ //登录dockerhub服务器 WARNING! Using –password via the CLI is insecure. Use –password-stdin. WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded root@jia:/etc# docker logout //退出登录 Removing login credentials for https://index.docker.io/v1/ root@jia:/etc# 退出阿里镜像仓库 root@jia:/etc# docker login -u ‘弑天倾城’ -p ‘123456’ registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com //登录阿里镜像仓库 WARNING! Using –password via the CLI is insecure. Use –password-stdin. WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded root@jia:/etc# docker logout //退出失败没有登录dockerhub仓库 Not logged in to https://index.docker.io/v1/ root@jia:/etc# docker logout registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com Removing login credentials for registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com //退出登录阿里镜像仓库 root@jia:/etc# ## logs 输出当前容器的日志信息 语法 docker logs 参数 容器ID/容器名 参数说明 –details：查看日志详细信息 –follow , -f：实时动态的查看日志 –since：显示生成日志的时间 –tail：显示日志行数 –timestamps , -t：显示时间戳 –until：显示某一时间段的日志信息 示例 默认查看容器日志 root@jia:/etc# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 85c8be92df44 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes 80/tcp nginx root@jia:/etc# docker logs nginx 172.17.0.1 – – [08/Jan/2020:08:19:02 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-" 172.17.0.1 – – [08/Jan/2020:08:19:04 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-" 172.17.0.1 – – [08/Jan/2020:08:19:07 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-" root@jia:/etc# 实时显示nginx容器的日志 root@jia:/etc# docker run –name nginx -itd nginx:latest //创建并启动nginx容器 85c8be92df44960e0973ae2b48907661679d921d0523cb93526351f07850f290 root@jia:/etc# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 85c8be92df44 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 80/tcp nginx root@jia:~# docker inspect nginx | IPAddress //查看容器的ip地址 IPAddress: command not found root@jia:~# docker inspect nginx | grep IPAddress "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", root@jia:~# curl 127.0.0.1 //访问nginx服务 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h2>Welcome to nginx!</h2> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/”>nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/”>nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> root@jia:/etc# docker logs -f nginx //输出日志信息 172.17.0.1 – – [08/Jan/2020:08:19:02 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-" 172.17.0.1 – – [08/Jan/2020:08:19:04 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-" 172.17.0.1 – – [08/Jan/2020:08:19:07 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-" ## port 查看容器的端口映射情况 语法 docker port 容器ID/容器名称 示例 列出nginx容器所有端口映射情况 root@jia:/etc# docker run –name nginx -itd -P nginx:latest //创建并启动容器，映射容器所有端口 b4e3a51697c2e35b4a17acee93630ac77c6e9fe94df99c70750b60c4f87b535a root@jia:/etc# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b4e3a51697c2 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp nginx root@jia:/etc# docker port nginx //显示容器端口映射情况 80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32768 root@jia:/etc# ## ps 列出容器列表 语法 docker ps 参数 参数说明 –all , -a：查看所有容器 –filter , -f：根据相关条件进行过滤 –format: 使用Go模板打印漂亮的容器 –last , -n:显示第几个创建的容器 –latest , -l：显示最新创建的容器 –no-trunc：显示详细信息 –quiet , -q：只显示容器ID –size , -s：显示容器的总大小 示例 查看所有容器 root@jia:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 79b53ebbc86e centos:latest "/bin/bash" 5 seconds ago Created fervent_payne b4e3a51697c2 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp nginx root@jia:~# 查看正在运行的容器 root@jia:~# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b4e3a51697c2 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp nginx root@jia:~# ## restart 重新启动容器 语法 docker restart 容器名称/容器ID 参数 -t:设置重启执行时间 示例 root@jia:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b4e3a51697c2 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 16 minutes ago Up 16 minutes 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp nginx root@jia:~# docker restart nginx nginx root@jia:~# ## rm 删除容器 语法 docker rm 参数 容器ID/容器名称 参数 –force , -f：根据条件进行删除容器，强制删除正在运行的容器 –link , -l：移除容器间的网络连接，而非容器本身 -v, –volumes：删除与容器关联的文件系统 示例 删除nginx容器 root@jia:~# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c3800e1bda43 centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute centos b4e3a51697c2 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 22 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp nginx root@jia:~# docker rm nginx //删除容器，但nginx容器正在运行所以无法使用此参数删除 Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container b4e3a51697c2e35b4a17acee93630ac77c6e9fe94df99c70750b60c4f87b535a. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove root@jia:~# docker rm -f nginx /制删除nginx容器 nginx root@jia:~# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c3800e1bda43 centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute centos root@jia:~# 删除所有容器 root@jia:~# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 4ee9b7488e32 nginx "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 26 seconds ago Up 25 seconds 80/tcp nginx c3800e1bda43 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes centos root@jia:~# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q) //删除容器失败，因为容器正在运行 Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 4ee9b7488e323c80d9acaa01a214d00bc3072e2430df5ce7a0560acea0c9587c. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container c3800e1bda43416add00ac18fb9c2d15e7d106e302ceef090e04d7fa6133368d. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove root@jia:~# docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q) //删除所有容器 4ee9b7488e32 c3800e1bda43 root@jia:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES root@jia:~# ## rmi 删除本地镜像 语法 docker rmi 参数 镜像名称/镜像ID 参数 –force , -f：强制删除 –no-prune：不移除该镜像的过程镜像，默认移除 示例 默认删除镜像 root@jia:~# docker images //查看本地镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 10 days ago 126MB ubuntu latest 549b9b86cb8d 2 weeks ago 64.2MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:~# docker rmi 549b9b86cb8d //删除ubuntu的镜像 Untagged: ubuntu:latest Untagged: ubuntu@sha256:250cc6f3f3ffc5cdaa9d8f4946ac79821aafb4d3afc93928f0de9336eba21aa4 Deleted: sha256:549b9b86cb8d75a2b668c21c50ee092716d070f129fd1493f95ab7e43767eab8 Deleted: sha256:7c52cdc1e32d67e3d5d9f83c95ebe18a58857e68bb6985b0381ebdcec73ff303 Deleted: sha256:a3c2e83788e20188bb7d720f36ebeef2f111c7b939f1b19aa1b4756791beece0 Deleted: sha256:61199b56f34827cbab596c63fd6e0ac0c448faa7e026e330994818190852d479 Deleted: sha256:2dc9f76fb25b31e0ae9d36adce713364c682ba0d2fa70756486e5cedfaf40012 root@jia:~# docker images //查看本地镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 10 days ago 126MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:~# 强制删除正在运行的镜像 root@jia:~# docker run -itd –name nginx nginx //启动创建容器 36b203a3fb5cf8fe6a1e13e298998c8510f7d24e49da36ada8d7181d89b16089 root@jia:~# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 36b203a3fb5c nginx "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 80/tcp nginx root@jia:~# docker images //查看本地镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 10 days ago 126MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:~# docker rmi nginx:latest //默认删除镜像，删除失败，报错镜像正在使用 Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "nginx:latest" (must force) – container 36b203a3fb5c is using its referenced image f7bb5701a33c root@jia:~# docker rmi -f nginx:latest /制删除镜像 Untagged: nginx:latest Untagged: nginx@sha256:b2d89d0a210398b4d1120b3e3a7672c16a4ba09c2c4a0395f18b9f7999b768f2 root@jia:~# docker images //查看镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE <none> <none> f7bb5701a33c 10 days ago 126MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:~# 注意：当强制删除镜像后，会直接删除，但是会生成新的镜像，容器不会被删除 ## save 保存镜像为tar包 语法 docker save 参数 镜像名称 文件目录及名称.tar 参数说明 –output , -o：保存到某文件 示例 将nginx镜像保存为文件 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 11 days ago 126MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:/jia/jia# docker save nginx:latest > nginx.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# ls nginx.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# 将多个镜像保存到一个文件 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker save -o test.tar nginx:latest centos:latest root@jia:/jia/jia# ls nginx.tar test.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# 使用gzip+tar进行打包压缩 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker save nginx:latest | gzip > nginx.tar.gz root@jia:/jia/jia# ls -lh //查看目录中文件长格式显示 total 513M -rw-r–r– 1 root root 125M Jan 9 16:57 nginx.tar -rw-r–r– 1 root root 47M Jan 9 17:03 nginx.tar.gz -rw——- 1 root root 342M Jan 9 17:00 test.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# ## top 查看容器中进程信息 语法 docker top 参数 容器ID/容器名称 示例 查看nginx容器中所有进程信息 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker run –name nginx -itd nginx:latest //创建启动nginx容器 69e353d8564025e07ee201098cafb9870d95b92edf990db2455aa6261c0bede6 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps -a //列出所有容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 69e353d85640 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 80/tcp nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# docker top nginx UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 28665 28637 1 17:08 pts/0 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off; systemd+ 28724 28665 0 17:08 pts/0 00:00:00 nginx: worker process root@jia:/jia/jia# ## version 查看docker软件版本 语法 docker version 参数 参数说明 -f, –format：使用给定的Go模板格式化输出 –kubeconfig：Kubernetes配置文件 示例 查看docker版本详细信息 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker version Client: Docker Engine – Community Version: 19.03.5 API version: 1.40 Go version: go1.12.12 Git commit: 633a0ea838 Built: Wed Nov 13 07:29:52 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false Server: Docker Engine – Community Engine: Version: 19.03.5 API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.12.12 Git commit: 633a0ea838 Built: Wed Nov 13 07:28:22 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.2.10 GitCommit: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339 runc: Version: 1.0.0-rc8+dev GitCommit: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657 docker-init: Version: 0.18.0 GitCommit: fec3683 root@jia:/jia/jia# 查看docker版本 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker version –format ‘{{.Server.Version}}’ 19.03.5 root@jia:/jia/jia# ## events 查看docker服务器实时事件 语法 docker events 参数 参数说明 -f，–filter：根据条件过滤事件 –since ：从指定的时间戳后显示所有事件 –until ：流水时间显示到指定的时间为止 –format：使用给定的Go模板格式化输出 示例 容器启动停止，使用events显示事件 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps -a //查看容器列表 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 69e353d85640 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes 80/tcp nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# docker stop nginx //停止容器 nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# docker start nginx //启动容器 nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# root@jia:~# docker events //查看实时事件，注意此命令不会自动终止需要crtl+c终止 2020-01-09T17:22:26.880177305+08:00 container kill 69e353d8564025e07ee201098cafb9870d95b92edf990db2455aa6261c0bede6 (image=nginx:latest, maintainer=NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>, name=nginx, signal=15) 2020-01-09T17:22:27.005016080+08:00 container die 69e353d8564025e07ee201098cafb9870d95b92edf990db2455aa6261c0bede6 (exitCode=0, image=nginx:latest, maintainer=NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>, name=nginx) 2020-01-09T17:22:27.103273324+08:00 network disconnect f2ccf449e47668433fb96511ef577c7515be7f481a7a9cb386c9d46650cbabbf (container=69e353d8564025e07ee201098cafb9870d95b92edf990db2455aa6261c0bede6, name=bridge, type=bridge) 2020-01-09T17:22:27.145650268+08:00 container stop 69e353d8564025e07ee201098cafb9870d95b92edf990db2455aa6261c0bede6 (image=nginx:latest, maintainer=NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>, name=nginx) 2020-01-09T17:22:33.680477968+08:00 network connect f2ccf449e47668433fb96511ef577c7515be7f481a7a9cb386c9d46650cbabbf (container=69e353d8564025e07ee201098cafb9870d95b92edf990db2455aa6261c0bede6, name=bridge, type=bridge) 2020-01-09T17:22:34.093551544+08:00 container start 69e353d8564025e07ee201098cafb9870d95b92edf990db2455aa6261c0bede6 (image=nginx:latest, maintainer=NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>, name=nginx) ## import 从tar文件导入docker为镜像 语法 docker import 参数 tar文件目录名称 导入的镜像名称：tag（版本） 参数说明 –change , -c： 将Dockerfile指令应用于创建的映像 –message , -m： 设置导入图像的提交消息 示例 将nginx.tar的镜像包导入docker并命名nginx版本V1 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker images //查看本地所有镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 11 days ago 126MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:/jia/jia# ls nginx.tar nginx.tar.gz test.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# docker import nginx.tar nginx:V1 sha256:07b2b1766ed11df9e7a12f98a4c5127c1aa0087e6b7d4eb0bc21490f168c1b0d root@jia:/jia/jia# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx V1 07b2b1766ed1 3 seconds ago 130MB nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 11 days ago 126MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:/jia/jia# 导入使用tar打包gzip压缩的镜像 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker import nginx.tar.gz nginx:V2 sha256:ca7505dbea914f7babb1ed3667d1a133461c344d92ea978585b64fe7dabf5b36 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx V2 ca7505dbea91 8 seconds ago 130MB nginx V1 07b2b1766ed1 2 minutes ago 130MB nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 11 days ago 126MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:/jia/jia# ## export 从docker导出容器为tar文件 语法 docker export 参数 容器名称/容器ID 参数说明 –output , -o：写入文件 示例 导出centos容器并命名为centos.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# docker run –name centos -itd centos:latest //创建并启动centos容器 06b5abbb068dc493056aae6f1526b81028f931fd160fe470a937e15ac0110bdf root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 06b5abbb068d centos:latest "/bin/bash" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds centos 69e353d85640 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 32 minutes ago Up 18 minutes 80/tcp nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# docker export centos > centos.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# ls centos.tar nginx.tar nginx.tar.gz test.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# 导出centos容器并命名为centos.tar.gz,使用gzip压缩 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker export centos > centos.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# ls centos.tar nginx.tar nginx.tar.gz test.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# docker export centos | gzip > centos.tar.gz root@jia:/jia/jia# ls -lh total 796M -rw-r–r– 1 root root 217M Jan 9 17:41 centos.tar -rw-r–r– 1 root root 67M Jan 9 17:43 centos.tar.gz -rw-r–r– 1 root root 125M Jan 9 16:57 nginx.tar -rw-r–r– 1 root root 47M Jan 9 17:03 nginx.tar.gz -rw——- 1 root root 342M Jan 9 17:00 test.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# 导出nginx容器，并命名nginx1.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# docker export -o nginx1.tar nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# ls centos.tar centos.tar.gz nginx1.tar nginx.tar nginx.tar.gz test.tar root@jia:/jia/jia# ## info 查看docker系统信息 语法 docekr info 参数 参数说明 –format , -f：使用给定的Go模板格式化输出 示例 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker info Client: Debug Mode: false Server: Containers: 2 Running: 2 Paused: 0 Stopped: 0 Images: 4 Server Version: 19.03.5 Storage Driver: overlay2 Backing Filesystem: extfs Supports d_type: true Native Overlay Diff: true Logging Driver: json-file Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs Plugins: Volume: local Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog Swarm: inactive Runtimes: runc Default Runtime: runc Init Binary: docker-init containerd version: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339 runc version: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657 init version: fec3683 Security Options: apparmor seccomp Profile: default Kernel Version: 4.15.0-65-generic Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 2 Total Memory: 3.852GiB Name: jia ID: 74XS:4TCO:7OQX:BKF2:O2WW:JYEF:6Y6Q:RT3X:YVRO:Y2LP:JZIA:AHSB Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker Debug Mode: false Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ Labels: Experimental: false Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 Live Restore Enabled: false WARNING: No swap limit support root@jia:/jia/jia# ## inspect 查看容器详细信息 语法 docker inspect 参数 容器ID/容器名称 参数说明 –format , -f：使用给定的Go模板格式化输出 –size , -s：显示文件总大小 –type :为指定类型返回JSON 示例 获取容器IP地址 第一种方式： root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps -a //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 06b5abbb068d centos:latest "/bin/bash" 17 hours ago Up 17 hours centos 69e353d85640 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 17 hours ago Up 17 hours 80/tcp nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# docker inspect centos | grep IPAddress "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3", root@jia:/jia/jia# 第二种方式：（只显示IP地址） root@jia:/jia/jia# docker inspect –format='{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}’ centos 172.17.0.3 root@jia:/jia/jia# 获取容器MAC地址 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker inspect centos | grep MacAddress "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03", root@jia:/jia/jia# 获取容器日志目录 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker inspect centos | grep log "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/06b5abbb068dc493056aae6f1526b81028f931fd160fe470a937e15ac0110bdf/06b5abbb068dc493056aae6f1526b81028f931fd160fe470a937e15ac0110bdf-json.log", root@jia:/jia/jia# ## kill 杀死正在运行的容器 语法 docker kill 参数 容器ID/容器名称 参数说明 –signal , -s：向容器发送信号 示例 杀死正在运行的centos容器 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 06b5abbb068d centos:latest "/bin/bash" 17 hours ago Up 17 hours centos 69e353d85640 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 18 hours ago Up 17 hours 80/tcp nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# docker kill centos centos root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps -a //查看所有容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 06b5abbb068d centos:latest "/bin/bash" 17 hours ago Exited (137) 6 seconds ago centos 69e353d85640 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 18 hours ago Up 17 hours 80/tcp nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# 杀死正在运行的nginx容器，发送kill信号 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker kill –signal=kill nginx nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 06b5abbb068d centos:latest "/bin/bash" 17 hours ago Exited (137) 3 minutes ago centos 69e353d85640 nginx:latest "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 18 hours ago Exited (137) 1 second ago nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# ## load 从tar文件中加载为docker镜像 语法 docker load 参数 tar文件 参数说明 -i, –input：从tar存档文件中读取，而不是从STDIN中读取 –quiet , -q：显示简要信息 示例 导入nginx镜像 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker images //查看所有镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:/jia/jia# docker load < nginx.tar.gz 556c5fb0d91b: Loading layer [==================================================>] 72.48MB/72.48MB 49434cc20e95: Loading layer [==================================================>] 57.67MB/57.67MB 75248c0d5438: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.584kB/3.584kB Loaded image: nginx:latest root@jia:/jia/jia# docker images //查看所有镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 12 days ago 126MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:/jia/jia# ## pause 暂停容器 语法 docker pause 容器ID/容器名称 示例 暂停centos容器 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker run -itd –name centos centos:latest //创建并运行 48e49042b927f427aed68437e12e5acd14b82e3a33a71b6f236bcef5c3edd41d root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 48e49042b927 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 2 seconds ago Up 2 seconds centos root@jia:/jia/jia# docker pause centos centos root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps -a //查看所有容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 48e49042b927 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 14 seconds ago Up 13 seconds (Paused) centos root@jia:/jia/jia# 容器暂停后会在状态处加(Paused) ## unpause 取消容器暂停状态 语法 docker unpause 容器ID/容器名称 示例 取消centos容器的暂停操作 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps -a //查看所有容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 48e49042b927 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 14 seconds ago Up 13 seconds (Paused) centos root@jia:/jia/jia# docker unpause centos centos root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps -a //查看所有容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 48e49042b927 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes centos root@jia:/jia/jia# ## tag 给镜像进行打标签 语法 docker tag 源镜像ID/源镜像名称:tag（版本） 目标镜像名称：tag（版本） 示例 给centos镜像重新打标签 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker tag centos:latest centos:V1 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 12 days ago 126MB centos V1 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@jia:/jia/jia# ## wait 阻塞运行直到容器停止，然后打印出它的退出代码 语法 docekr wait 容器ID/容器名称 示例 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker run -itd –name nginx nginx //创建启动容器 57af5446f0eaff56a54c3a5559ac0073511de9b9f48c93ff04bbcd0c62b3a809 root@jia:/jia/jia# docker ps //查看容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 57af5446f0ea nginx "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 80/tcp nginx root@jia:/jia/jia# docker inspect nginx | grep IPAddress //查看容器IP地址 "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", root@jia:/jia/jia# curl 172.17.0.2 //访问容器的80端口 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h2>Welcome to nginx!</h2> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/”>nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/”>nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> root@jia:/jia/jia# docker wait nginx //启动阻塞 root@jia:~# curl 172.18.0.2 //发现无法访问容器nginx页面