下文主要给大家带来操作CDH元数据库MySQL主备详细教程，希望这些内容能够带给大家实际用处，这也是我编辑操作CDH元数据库MySQL主备详细教程这篇文章的主要目的。好了，废话不多说，大家直接看下文吧。
- 内容概述
1.Master和Slave配置
2.构建主从复制
3.主从复制验证
- 测试环境
1.两台Linux云服务器（172.31.10.118(主)/172.31.5.190），操作系统为CentOS6.5
2.MySQL5.1.73
3.采用root用户操作
- 前置条件
1.两个MySQL版本必须一致
2.两个MySQL已安装好，且没有任何数据
3.主MySQL必须开启bin-log日志
2.MySQL主从复制
2.1Master和Slave配置
配置文件说明：
log-bin：开启二进制日志，日志文件前缀
server-id：数据库服务的唯一标识确保标识不重复，一般设置为云服务器ip的末尾数
binlog-format：设置Mysql binlog记录日志的格式（格式含：Statement、MIXED、ROW），MySQL默认使用的是Statement，推荐使用MIXED。
- Master主服务配置(172.31.10.118)
修改/etc/my.conf文件，增加如下配置
[root@ip-172-31-10-118 cloudera-scm-server]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=118
binlog_format=MIXED
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
- Slave服务配置(172.31.5.190)
修改/etc/my.conf文件，增加如下配置
[root@ip-172-31-5-190 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=190
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
- 修改配置后重启Master和Slave的MySQL服务。
[root@ip-172-31-5-190 ~]# service mysqld restart
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@ip-172-31-5-190 ~]# 
2.1构建主从复制
- 在Master(172.31.10.118) 主MySQL上创建一个mysnc用户
用户名：mysync 密码：mysync
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'mysync'@'172.31.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysync';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;mysync用户必须具有REPLICATION SLAVE权限。说明一下172.31.%，这个配置是指明mysync用户所在云服务器，这里%是通配符，表示IP以172.31开头的Server都可以使用mysync用户登陆Master主云服务器。也可以指定固定IP。
命令行操作
[root@ip-172-31-10-118 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 5.1.73-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'mysync'@'172.31.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysync';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
2.查看Master(172.31.10.118) MySQL二进制日志File与Position
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 1121 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 
3.在Slave从MySQL上执行如下SQL
change master to
master_host='172.31.10.118',
master_user='mysync',
master_password='mysync',
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',
master_log_pos=1121;命令行执行
[root@ip-172-31-5-190 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
...
Server version: 5.1.73-log Source distribution
...
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='172.31.10.118',
-> master_user='mysync',
-> master_password='mysync',
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',
-> master_log_pos=1121;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> 
4.在Slave从MySQL上执行命令，启动同步
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> 
5.在Slave MySQL上查看Slave状态
mysql> show slave status /G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.31.10.118
Master_User: mysync
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1121
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 251
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1121
Relay_Log_Space: 407
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 
注意：上图标注部分显示为“Yes”则表示主从复制构建成功。
2.3主从复制验证
- 登录Master主MySQL上执行SQL
2.登录Slave从MySQL上执行SQL
3.在Master主MySQL上执行SQL
mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> create table table1(id int, name varchar(32));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| table1 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 
4.在Slave从MySQL上执行SQL查看
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| table1 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 
通过上述测试，Master主MySQL创建的库和表都正常的同步到Slave从MySQL。
3.备注
- 如何停止并删除主从同步，在Slave从MySQL上执行如下SQL
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> reset slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> 
注意：执行上述操作后，需要重启MySQL服务。
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原创文章，作者：ItWorker，如若转载，请注明出处：https://blog.ytso.com/186512.html