在一个Web项目中,只要是存在数据库就一定会有JavaBean文件。
一个JavaBean文件会对应一张数据库中的表,供dao中的代码来调用用来存取数据。
我们都知道,在数据库设计的时候,如果A、B两张表存在一对多的关系,一定会将一那方的主键设置为多一方的外键来建立关联关系
比如HR项目中,职位表与员工表、部门表与员工表、级别表与员工表,都存在着一对多的关系(一个职位对应多个员工,一个部门对应多个员工等)
在CDM(数据模型)数据库设计中如图:
两个或多个实体中存在多对一的关系
转换成PDM(物理模型)后,如图:
在这里就出现了关联关系。
那么在Web项目中的JavaBean文件应该如何建立它们之间的关联关系呢?
一般来讲我们通常会这样做:
//员工表对应的JavaBean public class Employe { private int id; private int eid; private String name; private Date bornDate; private String gender; private String email; private String phone; private Date joinDate; private short levelId; private short departmentId; private short postId; private byte zaizhi; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public int getEid() { return eid; } public void setEid(int eid) { this.eid = eid; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBornDate() { return bornDate; } public void setBornDate(Date bornDate) { this.bornDate = bornDate; } public String getGender() { return gender; } public void setGender(String gender) { this.gender = gender; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } public String getPhone() { return phone; } public void setPhone(String phone) { this.phone = phone; } public Date getJoinDate() { return joinDate; } public void setJoinDate(Date joinDate) { this.joinDate = joinDate; } public short getLevelId() { return levelId; } public void setLevelId(short levelId) { this.levelId = levelId; } public short getDepartmentId() { return departmentId; } public void setDepartmentId(short departmentId) { this.departmentId = departmentId; } public short getPostId() { return postId; } public void setPostId(short postId) { this.postId = postId; } public byte getZaizhi() { return zaizhi; } public void setZaizhi(byte zaizhi) { this.zaizhi = zaizhi; } }
//职位表对应的JavaBean public class Post { private short postId; private String postName; public short getPostId() { return postId; } public void setPostId(short postId) { this.postId = postId; } public String getPostName() { return postName; } public void setPostName(String postName) { this.postName = postName; } }
//部门表对应的JavaBean public class Department { private short departmentId; private String departmentName; public short getDepartmentId() { return departmentId; } public void setDepartmentId(short departmentId) { this.departmentId = departmentId; } public String getDepartmentName() { return departmentName; } public void setDepartmentName(String departmentName) { this.departmentName = departmentName; } }
//级别表对应的JavaBean public class Level { private short levelId; private String levelName; public short getLevelId() { return levelId; } public void setLevelId(short levelId) { this.levelId = levelId; } public String getLevelName() { return levelName; } public void setLevelName(String levelName) { this.levelName = levelName; } }
现在的需求是:多表联查显示每个员工对应的职位名,部门名称,级别名称
首先说不好的解决方式:
1、可以在Employe中增加writerPostName字段来存储职位名、增加writerDepartmentName字段储存部门名称、添加writerLevelName字段储存级别名称。这样当然是可以的。
不过,我们现在的需求是需要得到postName、departmentName、levelName,我们加writerPostName、writerDepartmentName、writerLevelName字段来接收,那如果我们哪天又多了个需求,需要再得到Employe中的其它字段该怎么办呢?这显然很麻烦!
2、可以在jsp页面使用<c:if test=””></c:if>将取到的员工的postId、departmentId、levelId值与各个从表的id值进行比对,然后输出对应的postName、departmentName、levelName但是违背了jsp只负责显示规范,而且效率不高
并且,有很重要的一点:
在基础的Web项目中,基本的文件规划应该是:
各个部分功能大致是这样的:
bean包中为JavaBean文件,用于对数据的存取操作
dao中定义一系列业务逻辑操作需要的数据库增删改查操作需要的接口
dao.impl中为dao的实现类
service中为一些业务逻辑实现方法
servlet中为一些Servlet文件,用来接收jsp中传递过来的参数值,然后调用service中的方法进行业务处理,最后进行页面跳转
.jsp文件只负责显示
到现在,我们还忘记一件事情:
在Java中有一个很重要的概念、也是一个很不好理解透彻的概念:面向对象的思想
之前的方法无法将面向对象的思想体现出来,那我们现在就换一个方法:
刚才我们考虑到,用增加字段来解决问题。
同样的,如果我们将Post、Department、Level中的所有属性都添加到的Employe中,我们为何不在Employe中建立三个Post、Department、Level类型的对象来存储这些信息呢!
所以,我们可以将Employe改善成:
public class Employe { private int id; private int eid; private String name; private Date bornDate; private String gender; private String email; private String phone; private Date joinDate; private short levelId; private short departmentId; private short postId; private byte zaizhi; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public int getEid() { return eid; } public void setEid(int eid) { this.eid = eid; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBornDate() { return bornDate; } public void setBornDate(Date bornDate) { this.bornDate = bornDate; } public String getGender() { return gender; } public void setGender(String gender) { this.gender = gender; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } public String getPhone() { return phone; } public void setPhone(String phone) { this.phone = phone; } public Date getJoinDate() { return joinDate; } public void setJoinDate(Date joinDate) { this.joinDate = joinDate; } public short getLevelId() { return levelId; } public void setLevelId(short levelId) { this.levelId = levelId; } public short getDepartmentId() { return departmentId; } public void setDepartmentId(short departmentId) { this.departmentId = departmentId; } public short getPostId() { return postId; } public void setPostId(short postId) { this.postId = postId; } public byte getZaizhi() { return zaizhi; } public void setZaizhi(byte zaizhi) { this.zaizhi = zaizhi; } //新添加的类型对象 private Post post; private Department department; private Level level; public Post getPost() { return post; } public void setPost(Post post) { this.post = post; } public Department getDepartment() { return department; } public void setDepartment(Department department) { this.department = department; } public Level getLevel() { return level; } public void setLevel(Level level) { this.level = level; } }
这样我们将一个Post对象、一个Department对象、一个Level对象存入到Employe中,我们就可以利用这三个对象中的任意属性了。
那Post、Department、Level中是否需要改善呢?
那当然需要了。
如果也考虑到面向对象的思想,我们应该进行这样的改善:
public class Post { private short postId; private String postName; private ArrayList<Employe> employes; public ArrayList<Employe> getEmployes() { return employes; } public void setEmployes(ArrayList<Employe> employes) { this.employes = employes; } public short getPostId() { return postId; } public void setPostId(short postId) { this.postId = postId; } public String getPostName() { return postName; } public void setPostName(String postName) { this.postName = postName; } }
该职位的所有员工以一个列表方式存放在Post中
public class Department { private short departmentId; private String departmentName; private ArrayList<Employe> employes; public ArrayList<Employe> getEmployes() { return employes; } public void setEmployes(ArrayList<Employe> employes) { this.employes = employes; } public short getDepartmentId() { return departmentId; } public void setDepartmentId(short departmentId) { this.departmentId = departmentId; } public String getDepartmentName() { return departmentName; } public void setDepartmentName(String departmentName) { this.departmentName = departmentName; } }
该部门的所有员工以一个列表方式存放在Department中
public class Level { private short levelId; private String levelName; private ArrayList<Employe> employes; public ArrayList<Employe> getEmployes() { return employes; } public void setEmployes(ArrayList<Employe> employes) { this.employes = employes; } public short getLevelId() { return levelId; } public void setLevelId(short levelId) { this.levelId = levelId; } public String getLevelName() { return levelName; } public void setLevelName(String levelName) { this.levelName = levelName; } }
该级别的所有员工以一个列表方式存放在Level中
综上所述:
在数据库表中一对多的关联是利用外键的方式
而在JavaBean中,这些文件之间一对多的关联是:
在一的一方建立一个多一方的列表
在多的一方建立一个一一方的对象
最后:在jsp页面取值
对象.post.getPostName()
对象.department.getDepartmentName()
对象.level.getLevelName()
原创文章,作者:ItWorker,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/19512.html