MySQL 5.5 复制搭建的示例分析

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–Master 192.168.78.139
–Slave 192.168.78.137

–在Slave安装好MySQL软件，安装流程可以参考源码安装文章
http://blog.itpub.net/26506993/viewspace-2072859/

–Master关闭数据库，并拷贝数据文件到Slave
[root@localhost backup]# /software/bin/mysqladmin -usystem -p'Mysql#2015' shutdown
[root@localhost backup]# 160426 19:50:32 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended

[1]+  Done                    /software/bin/mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  (wd: /data)
(wd now: /backup)
[root@localhost backup]# ps -ef|grep 3306
root     20319 55613  0 19:50 pts/2    00:00:00 grep 3306

[root@localhost /]# zip -r /install/mysql_data_20160427.zip /data/

[root@localhost install]# scp /install/mysql_data_20160427.zip root@192.168.78.137:/install/
The authenticity of host '192.168.78.137 (192.168.78.137)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 4a:41:41:4b:4b:83:ea:cc:4b:56:bb:20:0a:8c:88:ce.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.78.137' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.

root@192.168.78.137's password: 
mysql_data_20160427.zip                                                                                                    100% 5053KB   4.9MB/s   00:01    

–Slave，将传输过来的数据文件解压到Slave所要使用的数据文件目录
[root@localhost install]# mkdir /mysql_data
[root@localhost install]# unzip -d /mysql_data/ /install/mysql_data_20160427.zip
[root@localhost install]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mysql_data/

–编辑Master的配置文件
[root@localhost install]# vim /etc/my.cnf
# Log
server-id = 100
log-bin = /log/binlog/mysql-bin

–启动Master的Mysql数据库
[root@localhost backup]# /software/bin/mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
[1] 20592
[root@localhost backup]# 160426 20:32:49 mysqld_safe Logging to '/log/err.log'.
160426 20:32:49 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data

–在Master数据库上面创建复制专用账户
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.78.%' identified by 'Mysql#2015';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

–查看Master当前的日志名称和位置，用于下面在Slave的change master to命令
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;
+——————+———-+————–+——————+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+——————+———-+————–+——————+
| mysql-bin.000008 |      256 |              |                  |
+——————+———-+————–+——————+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

–配置Slave的配置文件
[root@localhost data]# vim /etc/my.cnf
# Log
server-id = 200
log-bin = /log/binlog/mysql-bin
relay-log = /log/binlog/mysqld-relay-bin
relay-log-index = /log/binlog/product-mysql-relay-index
datadir = /mysql_data/data

–启动Slave的数据库服务
[root@localhost mysql]# /data/bin/mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
[1] 22611
[root@localhost mysql]# 160426 22:53:18 mysqld_safe Logging to '/log/err.log'.
160426 22:53:18 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /mysql_data/data

–在Slave配置Slave到Master的连接
通过CHANGE MASTER TO语句来设置Slave连接到Master服务器的参数，来使Slave读取Master的二进制日志和Slave的relay日志。

mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='192.168.78.139',
    -> master_port=3306,
    -> master_user='repl',
    -> master_password='Mysql#2015',
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000008',
    -> master_log_pos=256;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)

参数含义：

master_host 指定连接的Master主机
master_port 指定连接的Master的端口
master_user 指定连接的Master的复制专用账户
master_password 指定连接的Master的复制专用账户的密码
master_log_file Master当前的日志名称
master_log_pos Master当前的日志位置

–Master释放全局只读锁
mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

–查看Slave的状态
mysql> show slave status/G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: 
                  Master_Host: 192.168.78.139
                  Master_User: repl
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 256
               Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000001
                Relay_Log_Pos: 4
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008
             Slave_IO_Running: No
            Slave_SQL_Running: No
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 256
              Relay_Log_Space: 107
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

–启用Slave的应用日志服务
START SLAVE语句会启动两个线程。I/O线程会从Master服务器读取事件并将它们存放到relay log中。SQL线程会从relay log中读取事件并执行它们。执行START SLAVE需要SUPER权限。

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

–Slave日志中的内容
[root@localhost data]# tailf /log/err.log 
160427  5:57:08 [Note] 'CHANGE MASTER TO executed'. Previous state master_host='', master_port='3306', master_log_file='', master_log_pos='4'. New state master_host='192.168.78.139', 
master_port='3306', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000010', master_log_pos='107'.
160427  5:57:23 [Note] Slave SQL thread initialized, starting replication in log 'mysql-bin.000010' at position 107, relay log '/log/binlog/mysqld-relay-bin.000001' position: 4
160427  5:57:25 [Note] Slave I/O thread: connected to master 'repl@192.168.78.139:3306',replication started in log 'mysql-bin.000010' at position 107

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