这篇文章主要为大家展示了“Linux下Oracle 11.2.0.1 RAC如何安装”,内容简而易懂,条理清晰,希望能够帮助大家解决疑惑,下面让小编带领大家一起研究并学习一下“Linux下Oracle 11.2.0.1 RAC如何安装”这篇文章吧。
操作系统是 Oracle Enterprise Linux 5,两个节点 rac1和rac2,网卡eth0作为public,eth2作为private,假设之前已添加一块20G容量的共享磁盘。
关于Oracle Enterprise Linux 下载,可以在https://edelivery.oracle.com/osdc/faces/Home.jspx登陆后下载。
主机配置
所有命令在root用户下执行。
配置共享存储。共享存储可视为/dev/sdb设备。将使用fdisk命令创建两个10G大小的两个分区。 两个新的分区将用于ASM。
--list devices ls /dev/sd* /dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb
--add two partitions fdisk /dev/sdb The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2610. There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024, and could in certain setups cause problems with: 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO) 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK) Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2610, default 2610): +10240M Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 2 First cylinder (1247-2610, default 1247): Using default value 1247 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1247-2610, default 2610): Using default value 2610 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
--list new partitions fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1246 10008463+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1247 2610 10956330 83 Linux
添加组
--required groups /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 501 oinstall /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 dba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 503 oper
添加Oracle用户
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G dba oracle
修改Oracle用户密码
passwd oracle
在 /etc/sysctl.conf下添加内核参数
#kernel parameters for 11g installation kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 kernel.shmall = 1073741824 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
应用内核参数
/sbin/sysctl -p
为用户Oracle在/etc/security/limits.conf文件中添加以下行以设置shell限制
--shell limits for users oracle 11gR2 oracle soft nproc 131072 oracle hard nproc 131072 oracle soft nofile 131072 oracle hard nofile 131072 oracle soft core unlimited oracle hard core unlimited oracle soft memlock 50000000 oracle hard memlock 50000000
“/ etc / hosts”文件必须包含服务器的完全限定名称。
<IP-address> <fully-qualified-machine-name> <machine-name>
“/ etc / hosts”下输入以下数据
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost #public 192.168.0.50 rac1.dbaora.com rac1 192.168.0.51 rac2.dbaora.com rac2 #private 192.168.1.60 rac1-priv.dbaora.com rac1-priv 192.168.1.61 rac2-priv.dbaora.com rac2-priv #virtual 192.168.0.70 rac1-vip.dbaora.com rac1-vip 192.168.0.71 rac2-vip.dbaora.com rac2-vip #scan 192.168.0.20 rac-scan.dbaora.com rac-scan
验证rac1.dbaora.com上的th0和eth2的网络响应
[root@rac1 ~]# ping rac1 -c 1 PING rac1.dbaora.com (192.168.0.50) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from rac1.dbaora.com (192.168.0.50): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.032 ms --- rac1.dbaora.com ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.032/0.032/0.032/0.000 ms [root@rac1 ~]# ping rac1-priv -c 1 PING rac1-priv.dbaora.com (192.168.1.60) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from rac1-priv.dbaora.com (192.168.1.60): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.036 ms --- rac1-priv.dbaora.com ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.036/0.036/0.036/0.000 ms
检查哪些软件包已安装,哪些软件包缺失
rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE}(%{ARCH})/n' binutils / compat-libstdc++-33 / elfutils-libelf / elfutils-libelf-devel / gcc / gcc-c++ / glibc / glibc-common / glibc-devel / glibc-headers / ksh / libaio / libaio-devel / libgcc / libstdc++ / libstdc++-devel / make / sysstat / unixODBC / unixODBC-devel
安装缺失的包。 这只是一个例子:
#directory with mounted Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 install disk cd <path with Oracle Enterprise Linux 5>/Server/Packages #install missed packages (example for package unixODBC*) rpm -Uvh unixODBC*
禁用Secure Linux
要禁用Secure Linux编辑“/etc/selinux/config”文件,确保SELINUX设置如下,它需要重启才能有效。
SELINUX=disabled
禁用Firewall
可以在图形模式下或手动禁用防火墙。
执行下面的命令手动禁用
service iptables stop chkconfig iptables off
更改NTP
需要禁用NTP(Network Time Protocol)或修改其设置,以便Oracle Cluster Time Synchronization Service(ctssd)可以同步RAC节点的时间。
选项1 – 禁用NTP
service ntpd stop Shutting down ntpd: [ OK ] chkconfig ntpd off mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.orig rm /var/run/ntpd.pid
选项2 – 更改NTP
如果要保留NTP,请在“/etc/sysconfig/ntpd”文件中添加“-x”选项。
OPTIONS="-x -u ntp:ntp -p /var/run/ntpd.pid"
并重新启动NTP
# service ntpd restart
在操作系统安装过程中,可以禁用 SElinux、Firewall,不启动NTP,这样在主机配置中可省略。
目录
创建ORACLE_BASE
mkdir -p /ora01/app/oracle
为grid和database软件创建ORACLE_HOME
mkdir -p /ora01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 mkdir -p /ora01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid chown oracle:oinstall -R /ora01 chmod 775 /ora01/app/oracle
Oracle用户新的配置文件
修改Oracle配置文件 /home/oracle/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin export PATH alias genv='. /home/oracle/.bash_profile_grid;envo' alias denv='. /home/oracle/.bash_profile_database;envo' . /home/oracle/.bash_profile_database envo
这里添加了两个别名:genv和denv,这样可以方便地切换grid和database软件环境。
为Oracle用户添加新的配置文件 /home/oracle/.bash_profile_grid。此配置文件将用于grid软件。
# Oracle Settings export TMP=/tmp export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac1.dbaora.com export ORACLE_UNQNAME=+ASM export ORACLE_BASE=/ora01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=/ora01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1 PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; alias cdob='cd $ORACLE_BASE' alias cdoh='cd $ORACLE_HOME' alias tns='cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin' alias envo='env | grep ORACLE'
为Oracle用户添加新的参数文件 /home/oracle/.bash_profile_database. 此配置文件将用于database软件。
# Oracle Settings export TMP=/tmp export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac1.dbaora.com export ORACLE_UNQNAME=ORA11G export ORACLE_BASE=/ora01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 export ORACLE_SID=ORA11G1 PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; alias cdob='cd $ORACLE_BASE' alias cdoh='cd $ORACLE_HOME' alias tns='cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin' alias envo='env | grep ORACLE' umask 022
在rac2中,将两个参数文件的ORACLE_HOSTNAME和ORACLE_SID更改为本服务器的参数值。
记住修改所有配置文件的所有者
chown oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/.bash* chmod 750 oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/.bash*
作为oracle用户解压database和grid软件。 创建2个目录:
-
database – database software
-
grid – grid software
切换到grid软件环境,以root用户身份安装软件包cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm
cd <install grid software>/rpm [root@rac1 rpm]# rpm -Uvh cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm Preparing... ############################## [100%] Using default group oinstall to install package 1:cvuqdisk ############################## [100%]
配置ASM设备
要配置ASMlib,首先需要从OTN下载ASMLib rpms。 如果使用的是UEK内核,则所有必需的rpms都已安装。
-
oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.i386.rpm
-
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm
-
oracleasm-[your-kernel-version].rpm
关于oracleasm-supper和orcleasmlib软件包版本,可以根据操作系统版本从http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/linux/asmlib/index-101839.html下载软件包。
而oracleasm软件包要根据操作系统内核参数来决定:
name -a
这里是Oracle通过配置YUM来安装oracleasm软件包的链接:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/linux/downloads/rhel5-084877.html
使用以下命令安装软件包
rpm -Uvh oracleasm*.rpm
安装完成后可以通过rpm -qa | grep oracleasm命令验证。
配置SMlib
[root@rac1 ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm configure -i Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver. This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values will be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting <ENTER> without typing an answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort. Default user to own the driver interface []: oracle Default group to own the driver interface []: dba Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
加载asm内核模块
[root@rac1 ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm init Loading module "oracleasm": oracleasm Mounting ASMlib driver filesystem: /dev/oracleasm
添加ASM磁盘
[root@rac1 ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm createdisk DISK1 /dev/sdb1 Writing disk header: done Instantiating disk: done [root@rac1 ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm createdisk DISK2 /dev/sdb2 Writing disk header: done Instantiating disk: done
扫描ASM磁盘
[root@rac1 ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm scandisks Reloading disk partitions: done Cleaning any stale ASM disks... Scanning system for ASM disks...
列出ASM磁盘
[root@rac1 ~]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm listdisks DISK1 DISK2
这里是使用oracleasm配置ASM磁盘,也可以同过udev来配置,在使用oracleasm时遇到一些bug,推荐使用udev。
现在在每个节点上运行下面命令验证网络:rac1.dbaora.com和rac2.dbaora.com
hostname ping rac1 -c 1 ping rac2 -c 1 ping rac1-priv -c 1 ping rac2-priv -c 1
安装grid软件
以用户oracle启动grid软件安装,在此之前以root身份运行命令xhost +。
xhost + access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
设置grid环境并运行grid安装软件
su - oracle [oracle@rac1 ~]$ genv ORACLE_UNQNAME=+ASM ORACLE_SID=+ASM1 ORACLE_BASE=/ora01/app/oracle ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac1.dbaora.com ORACLE_HOME=/ora01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid --run installation cd <install grid software> ./runInstall
关于安装过程,可以根据实际需要选择,这里省略。
这里如果是使用linux 6以上版本,在最后执行root.sh脚本时,会用一个BUG,具体解决方法如下
1.删除配置:
/ora01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/gridl/roothas.pl -deconfig -force-verbose
路径是grid环境的ORACLE_HOME。
出现Adding daemon to inittab这条信息的时候执行dd命令
/bin/dd if=/var/tmp/.oracle/npohasd of=/dev/null bs=1024 count=1
如果是安装11.2.0.1的话,还是建议 使用 linux 5的版本。
ASM configuration assistant
到目前为止,只创建了一个ASM组DATA。下面展示如何快速添加额外的组到ASM实例。
在以Oracle用户启动ASMCA之前, 切换到root用户执行xhost +命令。
ASMCA – ASM configuration assistant是grid软件的一部分,因此必须设置正确的环境
su - oracle [oracle@rac1 ~]$ genv ORACLE_UNQNAME=+ASM ORACLE_SID=+ASM1 ORACLE_BASE=/ora01/app/oracle ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac1.dbaora.com ORACLE_HOME=/ora01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid [oracle@rac1 ~]$ asmca
根据需要一步步执行就可以了,安装步骤省略。
在你可以在sqlplus中验证你有2个ASM组。
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sun Jun 16 22:39:11 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter user-name: / as sysasm Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Automatic Storage Management option SQL> select name from v$asm_diskgroup; NAME ------------------------------ DATA BACKUP
安装Database软件
作为Oracle用户开始database软件安装。设置database软件爱你环境
su - oracle [oracle@rac1 ~]$ denv ORACLE_UNQNAME=ORA11G ORACLE_SID=ORA11G1 ORACLE_BASE=/ora01/app/oracle ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac1.dbaora.com ORACLE_HOME=/ora01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 --run installation cd <install database software> ./runInstall
安装步骤省略。
在安装过程中,遇到一个有关监听器的问题,提示
default listener is not configured in grid infrastructure home
解决方法链接 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-08/146057.htm
验证RAC安装
[root@rac1 ~]# su - oracle [oracle@rac1 ~]$ genv ORACLE_UNQNAME=+ASM ORACLE_SID=+ASM1 ORACLE_BASE=/ora01/app/oracle ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac1.dbaora.com ORACLE_HOME=/ora01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid [oracle@rac1 ~]$ srvctl config database -d ORA11G Database unique name: ORA11G Database name: ORA11G Oracle home: /ora01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 Oracle user: oracle Spfile: +DATA/ORA11G/spfileORA11G.ora Domain: dbaora.com Start options: open Stop options: immediate Database role: PRIMARY Management policy: AUTOMATIC Server pools: ORA11G Database instances: ORA11G1,ORA11G2 Disk Groups: DATA Mount point paths: Services: Type: RAC Database is administrator managed [oracle@rac1 ~]$ srvctl status listener Listener LISTENER is enabled Listener LISTENER is running on node(s): rac2,rac1 [oracle@rac1 ~]$ srvctl status asm ASM is running on rac2,rac1 [oracle@rac1 ~]$ srvctl status database -d ORA11G Instance ORA11G1 is running on node rac1 Instance ORA11G2 is running on node rac2
以上是“Linux下Oracle 11.2.0.1 RAC如何安装”这篇文章的所有内容,感谢各位的阅读!相信大家都有了一定的了解,希望分享的内容对大家有所帮助,如果还想学习更多知识,欢迎关注亿速云行业资讯频道!
原创文章,作者:ItWorker,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/206531.html