python通过http(multipart/form-data)上传文件的方法详解编程语言

之前写过一篇博客，说的如何python如何通过http下载文件，今天写一篇博客来介绍如下，python如何通过request库实现上传文件

这里主要是解决multipart/form-data这种格式的文件上传，基本现在http协议上传文件基本上都是通过这种格式上传

一、思路

一般情况下，如果我们往一个地址上传文件，则必须要登陆，登陆成功后，拿到cookies，然后在上传文件的请求携带这个cookies。

然后我们就需要通过浏览器在网站上传文件，记得，这个时候抓包要使用fiddler工具，会更加保险，然后按照fiddler抓到包组装我们的上传文件的post请求

大家把握一个原则就是：在post请求中，用files参数来接受文件对象相关的参数，通过data/json参数接受post请求体的其他参数即可。

二、实现

1、使用requests.session()对象登陆网站，这里主要为了方便，下次直接用这个对象发送post上传文件的请求即可，不需要我们在请求体中添加cookies

import requests 
 
s = requests.session() 
res1 = s.post( 
    url="http://10.222.222.7/src/welcome.php", 
    headers = { 
        "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3", 
        "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
        "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9", 
        "Cache-Control": "max-age=0", 
        "Connection": "keep-alive", 
        "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", 
        "Host": "10.222.222.7", 
        "Origin": "http://10.222.222.7", 
        "Referer": "http://10.222.222.7/src/welcome.php", 
        "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1", 
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.87 Safari/537.36" 
    }, 
    data = { 
        "name": "admin", 
        "password": "admin", 
        "button": "登录", 
        "opr": "login", 
    }, 
    # 这里配置了代理，因为我的操作安装了fiddler，这个你们没有说一定要弄 
    proxies={ 
        "http": "http://127.0.0.1:8888", 
        "https": "http://127.0.0.1:8888" 
    } 
)

2、手动上传，通过fiddler抓包，分析http请求的参数

上面是http请求的raw格式，我们一般会看webForms格式的http请求

3、分析完成后，我们可以看下代码

import json 
file = { 
    "sample_file": open("D://abdi//37571.pcap", "rb"), 
    "Content-Type": "application/octet-stream", 
    "Content-Disposition": "form-data", 
    "filename" : "3757.pcap" 
} 
# # 
 
 
res = s.post( 
    url="http://10.222.222.7/src/system_sample.php/system_sample/add", 
    headers = { 
        "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3", 
        "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
        "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9", 
        "Cache-Control": "max-age=0", 
        "Connection": "keep-alive", 
        # "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data", 
        "Host": "10.222.222.7", 
        "Origin": "http://10.222.222.7", 
        "Referer": "http://10.222.222.7/src/html.php/html/system_samples", 
        "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1", 
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.87 Safari/537.36" 
    }, 
 
    files = file, 
    data = { 
        "sample_name" : "37571.pcap", 
        "owner_group" : "/data/atp/pcap/custom/test", 
        "type" : "1", 
        "sample_file_path" : "", 
        "description_file_path" : "", 
        # "description_file":"" 
    }, 
    proxies = { 
        "http":"http://127.0.0.1:8888", 
        "https":"http://127.0.0.1:8888" 
    } 
 
)

这里有三个关键的地方

a、data参数，注意看k值和抓包中的对比