背景:
网络环境参照:云联网体验,上海 北京两个vpc网络。服务器分布如下:
讲一下为什么使用TencentOS Server 3.1 (TK4)的系统。还不是因为centos8不提供长期维护了….,顺便体验一下腾讯云开源的tencentos.详情见腾讯云官网:https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/213/38027。毕竟是与centos8兼容的,按照centos8的搭建kubernetes的流程搭建一遍kubernetes体验一下跨区域是否可行!
基本规划:
注:嗯多区域打散比较也可以高可用!
ip |
hostname |
所在区域 |
|
---|---|---|---|
10.10.2.8 |
sh-master-01 |
上海2区 |
|
10.10.2.10 |
sh-master-02 |
上海2区 |
|
10.10.5.4 |
sh-master-03 |
上海5区 |
|
10.10.4.7 |
sh-work-01 |
上海4区 |
|
10.10.4.14 |
sh-work-02 |
上海4区 |
|
10.10.12.9 |
bj-work-01 |
北京5区 |
|
创建一个内网负载均衡slb,做apiserver的vip,过去一直用的传统型,现在只有应用型负载均衡了……
系统初始化
注:1-12为所有节点执行
1.更改主机名
注:主机名没有初始化的修改主机名
[root@VM-2-8-centos ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname sh-master-01 [root@VM-2-8-centos ~]# cat /etc/hostname sh-master-01
其他几台同样的方式
2. 关闭swap交换分区
swapoff -a sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
3. 关闭selinux
[root@sh-master-01 ~]# setenforce 0 ssive/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/configsetenforce: SELinux is disabled [root@sh-master-01 ~]# sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux [root@sh-master-01 ~]# sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config [root@sh-master-01 ~]# sed -i "s/^SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux [root@sh-master-01 ~]# sed -i "s/^SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
4. 关闭防火墙
systemctl disable --now firewalld chkconfig firewalld off
注:都没有安装firewalld and iptables可以忽略
5. 调整文件打开数等配置
cat> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF * soft nproc 1000000 * hard nproc 1000000 * soft nofile 1000000 * hard nofile 1000000 * soft memlock unlimited * hard memlock unlimited EOF
当然了貌似tencentos limits.d目录下有个80-nofile.conf,修改配置文件可以都放在这里。这样可以避免修改主文件
6. yum update
yum update yum -y install gcc bc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel cmake elfutils-libelf-devel openssl-devel flex* bison* autoconf automake zlib* fiex* libxml* ncurses-devel libmcrypt* libtool-ltdl-devel* make cmake pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel jemalloc-devel tlc libtool vim unzip wget lrzsz bash-comp* ipvsadm ipset jq sysstat conntrack libseccomp conntrack-tools socat curl wget git conntrack-tools psmisc nfs-utils tree bash-completion conntrack libseccomp net-tools crontabs sysstat iftop nload strace bind-utils tcpdump htop telnet lsof
当然了 我这里忽略了……我cvm初始化一般会用oneinstack的脚本完成初始化一下
7. ipvs添加
tencentos的系统内核是5.4.119
:> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf module=( ip_vs ip_vs_rr ip_vs_wrr ip_vs_sh nf_conntrack br_netfilter ) for kernel_module in ${module[@]};do /sbin/modinfo -F filename $kernel_module |& grep -qv ERROR && echo $kernel_module >> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf || : done
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service
验证ipvs是否加载成功
# lsmod | grep ip_vs ip_vs_sh 16384 0 ip_vs_wrr 16384 0 ip_vs_rr 16384 5 ip_vs 151552 11 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr nf_conntrack 114688 5 xt_conntrack,nf_nat,nf_conntrack_netlink,xt_MASQUERADE,ip_vs nf_defrag_ipv6 20480 2 nf_conntrack,ip_vs
8. 优化系统参数(不一定是最优,各取所有)
oneinstack默认的 初始化安装的,先不改了,慢慢看 。等一会有问题了找问题
cat /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf
fs.file-max=1000000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000 net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768 net.core.somaxconn = 32768 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 20 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 #net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.nf_conntrack_max = 6553500 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 6553500 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 3600
9. containerd安装
dnf 与yum centos8的变化,具体的自己去看了呢。差不多吧…….,添加阿里云的源习惯了如下:
dnf install dnf-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo sudo yum update -y && sudo yum install -y containerd.io containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml # 替换 containerd 默认的 sand_box 镜像,编辑 /etc/containerd/config.toml sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2" # 重启containerd $ systemctl daemon-reload $ systemctl restart containerd
看来还是搞不定….匹配的版本不对啊哈哈哈,咋整?
找一下腾讯的源试一下,当然了先删除一下阿里的源:
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo yum clean all
https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/
dnf install dnf-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo sudo yum update -y && sudo yum install -y containerd.io containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml # 替换 containerd 默认的 sand_box 镜像,编辑 /etc/containerd/config.toml sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2" # 重启containerd $ systemctl daemon-reload $ systemctl restart containerd
依然如此…….没有自己匹配一下系统啊….咋整?手动修改一下?
成功了,这里也希望tencentos能够自己支持一下常用的yum源…别让我手动转换啊
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
# 重启containerd systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart containerd systemctl status containerd
10. 配置 CRI 客户端 crictl
注:貌似有版本匹配的
VERSION="v1.22.0" wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/$VERSION/crictl-$VERSION-linux-amd64.tar.gz sudo tar zxvf crictl-$VERSION-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin rm -f crictl-$VERSION-linux-amd64.tar.gz
也可能下不动,github下载到桌面,手动上传吧….
cat <<EOF > /etc/crictl.yaml runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock timeout: 10 debug: false EOF # 验证是否可用(可以顺便验证一下私有仓库) crictl pull nginx:alpine crictl rmi nginx:alpine crictl images
嗯 修改一下/etc/containerd/config.toml 中plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."docker.io"中endpoint为阿里云的加速器地址(当然 了也可以是其他加速器的),另外, plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options也添加了SystemdCgroup = true
endpoint 更换为阿里云加速器地址:https://2lefsjdg.mirror.aliyuncs.com
重启containerd服务重新下载镜像验证:
systemctl restart containerd.service crictl pull nginx:alpine
OK
11. 安装 Kubeadm(centos8没有对应yum源使用centos7的阿里云yum源)
注:为什么安装1.21.3版本呢?因为我线上的也是1.21.3版本的。正好到时候测试一下升级
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 repo_gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF # 删除旧版本,如果安装了 yum remove kubeadm kubectl kubelet kubernetes-cni cri-tools socat # 查看所有可安装版本 下面两个都可以啊 # yum list --showduplicates kubeadm --disableexcludes=kubernetes # 安装指定版本用下面的命令 # yum -y install kubeadm-1.21.3 kubectl-1.21.3 kubelet-1.21.3 or # 安装默认最新稳定版本,当前版本1.22.4 #yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes # 开机自启 systemctl enable kubelet.service
当然了,这里也可以直接使用腾讯云的源了….道理一样。
12. 修改kubelet配置
vi /etc/sysconfig/kubelet KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS= --cgroup-driver=systemd --container-runtime=remote --container-runtime-endpoint=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
master节点额外操作:
1. 安装haproxy
注:三台master节点都要安装haproxy,以及相关配置……
yum install haproxy
cat <<EOF > /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # Example configuration for a possible web application. See the # full configuration options online. # # http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt # #--------------------------------------------------------------------- #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # Global settings #--------------------------------------------------------------------- global # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will # need to: # # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done # by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log # file. A line like the following can be added to # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log # log 127.0.0.1 local2 chroot /var/lib/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid maxconn 4000 user haproxy group haproxy daemon # turn on stats unix socket stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will # use if not designated in their block #--------------------------------------------------------------------- defaults mode tcp log global option tcplog option dontlognull option http-server-close option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 option redispatch retries 3 timeout http-request 10s timeout queue 1m timeout connect 10s timeout client 1m timeout server 1m timeout http-keep-alive 10s timeout check 10s maxconn 3000 #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # main frontend which proxys to the backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- frontend kubernetes bind *:8443 #配置端口为8443 mode tcp default_backend kubernetes #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend kubernetes #后端服务器,也就是说访问10.3.2.12:6443会将请求转发到后端的三台,这样就实现了负载均衡 balance roundrobin server master1 10.10.2.8:6443 check maxconn 2000 server master2 10.10.2.10:6443 check maxconn 2000 server master3 10.10.5.4:6443 check maxconn 2000 EOF systemctl enable haproxy && systemctl start haproxy && systemctl status haproxy
登陆腾讯云负载均衡管理后台:https://console.cloud.tencent.com/clb,创建TCP监听器命名k8s监听6443端口,后端服务绑定三台master节点 8443端口,权重默认10没有修改。
2. sh-master-01节点生成配置文件
注:当然了 也可以是sh-master-02 or sh-master-03节点
kubeadm config print init-defaults > config.yaml
修改一下配置文件如下:
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2 bootstrapTokens: - groups: - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef ttl: 24h0m0s usages: - signing - authentication kind: InitConfiguration localAPIEndpoint: advertiseAddress: 10.10.2.8 bindPort: 6443 nodeRegistration: criSocket: /run/containerd/containerd.sock name: sh-master-01 taints: - effect: NoSchedule key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master --- apiServer: timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s certSANs: - sh-master-01 - sh-master-02 - sh-master-03 - sh-master.k8s.io - localhost - 127.0.0.1 - 10.10.2.8 - 10.10.2.10 - 10.10.5.4 - 10.10.2.4 - xx.xx.xx.xx apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2 certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki clusterName: kubernetes controlPlaneEndpoint: "10.10.2.4:6443" controllerManager: {} dns: type: CoreDNS etcd: local: dataDir: /var/lib/etcd imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers kind: ClusterConfiguration kubernetesVersion: 1.21.3 networking: dnsDomain: cluster.local serviceSubnet: 172.31.0.0/16 scheduler: {} --- apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1 kind: KubeProxyConfiguration mode: ipvs ipvs: excludeCIDRs: null minSyncPeriod: 0s scheduler: "rr" strictARP: false syncPeriod: 15s iptables: masqueradeAll: true masqueradeBit: 14 minSyncPeriod: 0s syncPeriod: 30s
增加了ipvs的配置,指定了service的subnet,还有国内的镜像仓库,xx.xx.xx.xx是我预留了一个ip(可以预留ip的,方便以后扩容主节点起码)
3. kubeadm master-01节点初始化
kubeadm init --config /root/config.yaml
注:下面截图跟上面命令不匹配,因为我开始想安装cilium来…结果失败了哈哈哈还是先搞一下calico吧
嗯 优化系统参数的时候没有搞上net.ipv4.ip_forward 强调一下,sysctl -w是临时的哦
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
长久的还是再配置文件中加一下:
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf fs.file-max=1000000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000 net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768 net.core.somaxconn = 32768 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 20 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 #net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.nf_conntrack_max = 6553500 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 6553500 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 3600 EOF sysctl --system
注:所有节点执行
kubeadm init --config /root/config.yaml
4. sh-master-02,sh-master-03控制平面节点加入集群
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config 按照输出sh-master-02 ,sh-master-03节点加入集群 将sh-master-01 /etc/kubernetes/pki目录下ca.* sa.* front-proxy-ca.* etcd/ca* 打包分发到sh-master-02,sh-master-03 /etc/kubernetes/pki目录下 kubeadm join 10.10.2.4:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:ccfd4e2b85a6a07fde8580422769c9e14113e8f05e95272e51cca2f13b0eb8c3 --control-plan 然后同sh-master-01一样执行一遍下面的命令: mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo /cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
kubectl get nodes
嗯 由于没有安装cni 网络插件都是notready状态。
work节点加入集群
kubeadm join 10.10.2.4:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:ccfd4e2b85a6a07fde8580422769c9e14113e8f05e95272e51cca2f13b0eb8c3
首先cnn管理控制台先购买了1Mbps的带宽,毕竟是做一下测试:
安装cni网络插件
初步先跑一下简单的calico了(搞flannel cilium开始没有整起来。先跑通一个算一个。其他的后面慢慢学习优化)
curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.11/manifests/calico.yaml -O
sed -i -e "s?192.168.0.0/16?172.31.0.0/16?g" calico.yaml
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml kubectl get pods -o kube-system -o wide
注: 我还额外在腾讯云私有网络控制台添加了辅助cidr,我在想这样的话我跟其他区域的容器网络是不是也可以互通?还没有测试….就是想起来添加一下了:
[
](https://console.cloud.tencent.com/vpc/vpc?rid=4)
做一下简单的ping测试:
1. 上海区部署两个pod
cat<<EOF | kubectl apply -f - apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx spec: selector: matchLabels: app: nginx template: metadata: labels: app: nginx spec: containers: - image: nginx:alpine name: nginx ports: - containerPort: 80 --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: nginx spec: selector: app: nginx ports: - protocol: TCP port: 80 targetPort: 80 --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: busybox namespace: default spec: containers: - name: busybox image: busybox:1.28.4 command: - sleep - "3600" imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent restartPolicy: Always EOF
嗯 都跑在了上海区
[root@sh-master-01 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES busybox 1/1 Running 14 14h 172.31.45.132 sh-work-01 <none> <none> nginx-7fb7fd49b4-zrg77 1/1 Running 0 14h 172.31.45.131 sh-work-01 <none> <none>
2. nodeSelector调度在北京区启动一个pod
然后我还想启动一个pod运行在北京区,怎么搞?偷个懒 打标签,nodeSelector调度吧!
kubectl label node bj-work-01 zone=beijing
cat nginx1.yaml
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: creationTimestamp: null labels: run: nginx1 name: nginx1 spec: nodeSelector: #将pod部署到指定标签为zone 为beijing的节点上 zone: "beijing" containers: - image: nginx name: nginx1 resources: {} dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst restartPolicy: Always status: {}
kubectl apply -f nginx1.yaml
[root@sh-master-01 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES busybox 1/1 Running 14 14h 172.31.45.132 sh-work-01 <none> <none> nginx-7fb7fd49b4-zrg77 1/1 Running 0 14h 172.31.45.131 sh-work-01 <none> <none> nginx1 1/1 Running 0 14h 172.31.89.194 bj-work-01 <none> <none>
3. ping 测试
在sh-master-02节点ping 北京pod 与上海pod的ping值
基本都是差不多的样子。主要是想验证一下是否可以跨区域vpc去搭建kubernetes集群的可行性。网络质量什么的还没有想好怎么测试。只是抛砖引玉。云上是很大成都上方便了许多。起码bgp什么的配置的都相对省略了。如果有云上跨区域搭建kubernetes集群的可以参考一下。
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