简介
Python3.3以上的版本通过venv模块原生支持虚拟环境,可以代替Python之前的virtualenv。
该venv模块提供了创建轻量级“虚拟环境”,提供与系统Python的隔离支持。每一个虚拟环境都有其自己的Python二进制(允许有不同的Python版本创作环境),并且可以拥有自己独立的一套Python包。
需要注意的是,在Python3.3中使用”venv”命令创建的环境不包含”pip”,你需要进行手动安装。在Python3.4中改进了这一个缺陷。
创建虚拟环境
在当前目录创建虚拟环境:
$ python -m venv .
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下面是”venv”的详细使用参数:
usage: venv [-h] [–system-site-packages] [–symlinks] [–clear]
[–upgrade] [–without-pip] ENV_DIR [ENV_DIR …]
Creates virtual Python environments in one or more target directories.
positional arguments:
ENV_DIR A directory to create the environment in.
optional arguments:
-h, –help show this help message and exit
–system-site-packages Give access to the global site-packages dir to the
virtual environment.
–symlinks Try to use symlinks rather than copies, when symlinks
are not the default for the platform.
–copies Try to use copies rather than symlinks, even when
symlinks are the default for the platform.
–clear Delete the environment directory if it already exists.
If not specified and the directory exists, an error is
raised.
–upgrade Upgrade the environment directory to use this version
of Python, assuming Python has been upgraded in-place.
–without-pip Skips installing or upgrading pip in the virtual
environment (pip is bootstrapped by default)
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激活虚拟环境
在Posix标准平台下:
$ source <venv>/bin/activate
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在Windows cmd下:
C:> <venv>/Scripts/activate.bat
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在Windows PowerShell下:
PS C:> <venv>/Scripts/Activate.ps1
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测试虚拟环境
激活虚拟环境后,在命令行会提示当前虚拟环境的名称,就表示激活成功了。
在当前虚拟环境中安装numpy:
$ pip install numpy
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当前安装的numpy包与系统中的不会冲突,下面进行测试:
$ python
>>> import numpy
>>> print(numpy)
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如果输出了numpy的包路径就表示一切正常。
官方文档参考
https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html
原创文章,作者:奋斗,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/222698.html