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Linux基础命令四

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Linux基础命令四

目录

如何获取命令帮助

内部命令

[root@lnh ~]# help pwd
pwd: pwd [-LP]
    Print the name of the current working directory.
    
    Options:
      -L	print the value of $PWD if it names the current working
    		directory
      -P	print the physical directory, without any symbolic links
    
    By default, `pwd' behaves as if `-L' were specified.
    
    Exit Status:
    Returns 0 unless an invalid option is given or the current directory
    cannot be read.
//因为内部命令比较少，所以一般不使用这种方法

外部命令

[root@lnh ~]# ls --help 
Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all                  do not ignore entries starting with .
-A, --almost-all           do not list implied . and ..
--author               with -l, print the author of each file
-b, --escape               print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters
--block-size=SIZE      with -l, scale sizes by SIZE when printing them;
e.g., '--block-size=M'; see SIZE format below
-B, --ignore-backups       do not list implied entries ending with ~
-c                         with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
modification of file status information);
with -l: show ctime and sort by name;
otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
-C                         list entries by columns
--color[=WHEN]         colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default
if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below
-d, --directory            list directories themselves, not their contents
-D, --dired                generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
-f                         do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify             append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
--file-type            likewise, except do not append '*'
--format=WORD          across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time            like -l --time-style=full-iso
-g                         like -l, but do not list owner
--group-directories-first
group directories before files;
can be augmented with a --sort option, but any
use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
-G, --no-group             in a long listing, don't print group names
-h, --human-readable       with -l and -s, print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc.
--si                   likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
follow each command line symbolic link
that points to a directory
--hide=PATTERN         do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by -a or -A)
--hyperlink[=WHEN]     hyperlink file names; WHEN can be 'always'
(default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'
--indicator-style=WORD  append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode                print the index number of each file
-I, --ignore=PATTERN       do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k, --kibibytes            default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage;
used only with -s and per directory totals
-l                         use a long listing format
-L, --dereference          when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
-m                         fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-n, --numeric-uid-gid      like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
-N, --literal              print entry names without quoting
-o                         like -l, but do not list group information
-p, --indicator-style=slash
append / indicator to directories
-q, --hide-control-chars   print ? instead of nongraphic characters
--show-control-chars   show nongraphic characters as-is (the default,
unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name           enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD   use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always,
shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape
(overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable)
-r, --reverse              reverse order while sorting
-R, --recursive            list subdirectories recursively
-s, --size                 print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
-S                         sort by file size, largest first
--sort=WORD            sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S),
time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)
--time=WORD            with -l, show time as WORD instead of default
modification time: atime or access or use (-u);
ctime or status (-c); also use specified time
as sort key if --sort=time (newest first)
--time-style=TIME_STYLE  time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below
-t                         sort by modification time, newest first
-T, --tabsize=COLS         assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-u                         with -lt: sort by, and show, access time;
with -l: show access time and sort by name;
otherwise: sort by access time, newest first
-U                         do not sort; list entries in directory order
-v                         natural sort of (version) numbers within text
-w, --width=COLS           set output width to COLS.  0 means no limit
-x                         list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X                         sort alphabetically by entry extension
-Z, --context              print any security context of each file
-1                         list one file per line.  Avoid '/n' with -q or -b
--help     display this help and exit
--version  output version information and exit
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).
Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).
The TIME_STYLE argument can be full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT.
FORMAT is interpreted like in date(1).  If FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2,
then FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files.
TIME_STYLE prefixed with 'posix-' takes effect only outside the POSIX locale.
Also the TIME_STYLE environment variable sets the default style to use.
Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and
with --color=never.  With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when
standard output is connected to a terminal.  The LS_COLORS environment
variable can change the settings.  Use the dircolors command to set it.
Exit status:
0  if OK,
1  if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),
2  if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ls>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) ls invocation'
[root@lnh ~]# pwd --help
pwd: pwd [-LP]
Print the name of the current working directory.
Options:
-L	print the value of $PWD if it names the current working
directory
-P	print the physical directory, without any symbolic links
By default, `pwd' behaves as if `-L' were specified.
Exit Status:
Returns 0 unless an invalid option is given or the current directory
cannot be read.
//虽然这个是查看外部命令的帮助，但是内部命令也可以查看，我们一般都是使用这种方法来查看帮助，实在查看不了的才是用上面那个进行查看帮助

info COMMAND 在线文档(查看要查看的那个命令信息)

man COMMAND命令手册(一般都是用这个命令查看需要的命令帮助)

whatis COMMAND(查看命令在man文档里面的第几章)

[root@lnh ~]# whatis ls
ls (1)               - list directory contents
[root@lnh ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  passwd  test  tushanbu  xxb
[root@lnh ~]# whatis /usr/bin/passwd
openssl-passwd (1ssl) - compute password hashes
passwd (1)           - update user's authentication tokens
[root@lnh ~]# whatis passwd
openssl-passwd (1ssl) - compute password hashes
passwd (1)           - update user's authentication tokens
//可以查看在man文档里面哪一章节，可以直接在后面接关键字查看

man是分章节的，以下是每一章节的内容介绍

| 1 | 2|3 | 4| 5| 6|7 |8 |
| :——– | ——–

原创文章，作者：Carrie001128，如若转载，请注明出处：https://blog.ytso.com/271622.html

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