1.pymongo的安装与使用
1.1.pymongo安装
安装pymongo
pymongodb模块api官方文档:https://pymongo.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tutorial.html
pip install pymongo
1.2.pymongo使用
1.2.1.创建连接
1 from pymongo import MongoClient 2 3 client=MongoClient(host="localhost",port=27017,) 4 client.admin.authenticate("admin","123456")
报错:运行上述脚本报错
解决报错:
问题分析:上述的写法是针对pymongo老版本的写法,而我们pip安装的时候没有加版本号,因此下载安装的是最新版本的
项目设置选择pymongo最新版本
换最新包的写法
1 from pymongo import MongoClient 2 3 client=MongoClient(host="localhost", 4 port=27017, 5 username="admin", 6 password="123456")
1.2.2.数据写入
- insert_one:写入单条记录
- insert_many:写入多条记录
1 from mongo_db import client 2 3 client.school.teacher.insert_one({"name":"李璐"}) 4 client.school.teacher.insert_many([ 5 {"name":"陈刚"}, 6 {"name":"郭丽丽"} 7 ])
1.2.3.数据查询
- find:返回集合所有记录
- find_one:查询符合条件的记录,存在多个符合条件的记录,只返回一条
1 from mongo_db import client 2 3 try: 4 teachers = client.school.teacher.find({}) 5 for one in teachers: 6 print(one["_id"],one["name"]) 7 print("--------------------------") 8 teacher=client.school.teacher.find_one({"name":"李璐"}) 9 print(teacher["_id"],teacher["name"]) 10 except Exception as e: 11 print(e)
1.2.4.数据修改
- update_one:修改一条记录
- update_many:修改多条记录
- 表达式
- $set:添加修改记录属性,即筛选出来的结果,如果没有修改的属性,就执行添加属性操作;如果有就执行修改操作
- $push:数组属性添加元素
1 from mongo_db import client 2 3 try: 4 teachers = client.school.teacher.update_many({},{"$set":{"role":["班主任"]}}) 5 teachers = client.school.teacher.update_one({"name":"李璐"},{"$set":{"sex":"女"}}) 6 teachers = client.school.teacher.update_one({"name":"李璐"},{"$push":{"role":"年级主任"}}) 7 except Exception as e: 8 print(e)
2.pymongo模块的删除操作
2.1.数据删除
- 删除记录mongodb用的是remove,pymongo用的是delete
- delete_one:删除一条记录
- delete_many:删除多条记录
类似删除操作:
- update_one:修改一条记录
- update_many:修改多条记录,无筛选条件,清空集合
- 表达式
- $unset:删除记录属性
- $pull:删除数组属性的元素
1 from mongo_db import client 2 3 try: 4 # client.school.teacher.delete_one({"name":"李璐"}) 删除李璐这条记录 5 # client.school.teacher.delete_many({}) 清空teacher集合 6 # client.school.student.update_one({"name":"lisi"},{"$unset":{"age":1}}) 删除student集合中name为李四的记录的age属性 7 client.school.student.update_one({"name":"李强"},{"$pull":{"city":"天津"}}) #删除student集合中name为李强、属性为city、city中数据为天津的属性值 8 except Exception as e: 9 print(e)
2.2.其他操作总结
1 from mongo_db import client 2 3 try: 4 #skip、limit分页查询 5 students_top2 = client.school.student.find({}).skip(0).limit(2) 6 for i in students_top2: 7 print(i["_id"],i["name"]) 8 9 #查询不重复的学生姓名 10 students_name = client.school.student.distinct("name") 11 for i in students_name: 12 print(i) 13 14 #根据属性name排序,1为升序,-1为降序 15 students_sort = client.school.student.find({}).sort([("name",-1)]) 16 for i in students_sort: 17 print(i) 18 except Exception as e: 19 print(e)
3.pymongo模块向MongDB中保存文件
3.1.GridFS了解
3.2.连接GridFS
MongoDB对文件操作用的是GridFS引擎,因此我们需要连接GridFS,对MongoDB进行操作;
创建client连接并确定逻辑库即db,作为参数传入GridFS方法中,告诉GridFS对象连接已经创建好,连接的逻辑库是school,并且操作的是school中的book集合
GridFS(db,collection=”book”)
- db:逻辑库
- collection:集合
3.3.保存文件
使用GridFS的对象的put方法将文件写入到mongodb中
1 from mongo_db import client 2 from gridfs import GridFS 3 4 db=client.school 5 gfs=GridFS(db,collection="book") 6 7 with open("D:/MongoDB/111.pdf","rb") as f: 8 args={"type":"PDF","keyword":"111"} 9 gfs.put(f,filename="111.pdf",**args)
4.查询GridFS中存储的文件
4.1.查询文件
1 import math 2 3 from mongo_db import client 4 from gridfs import GridFS 5 6 db=client.school 7 gfs=GridFS(db,collection="book") 8 9 book=gfs.find_one({"filename":"111.pdf"}) #使用find函数根据filename属性值找到book集合中该文件 10 print(book.filename) #打印文件的属性 11 print(book.type) 12 print(book.keyword) 13 print("%dM"%math.ceil(book.length/1024/1024)) #因为默认单位是字节,使用math方法转化成M
4.2.UTC转换成北京时间
UTC转换成北京时间
1 import datetime 2 import math 3 from mongo_db import client 4 from gridfs import GridFS 5 6 db=client.school 7 gfs=GridFS(db,collection="book") 8 books=gfs.find({"type":"PDF"}) 9 for one in books: 10 #UTC转换成北京时间 11 uploadDate = one.uploadDate + datetime.timedelta(hours=8) 12 #格式化日期 13 uploadDate = uploadDate.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") 14 print(one._id,one.filename,uploadDate)
4.3.判断是否存储了文件
使用exists函数判断GridFS是否存储某个文件,存在返回True,不存在返回False;支持ID以及其他属性查找,要注意的是:
- 使用ID查找文件时,exists函数中要传入objectId对象
- 使用其他属性查找时,因为传入的参数是字典格式,因此要加**
from mongo_db import client from gridfs import GridFS from bson.objectid import ObjectId db=client.school gfs=GridFS(db,collection="book") rs=gfs.exists(ObjectId("628cd523a4f1ae6cbbf1566a")) print(rs) rs=gfs.exists(**{"type":"PDF"}) print(rs)
5.读取/删除GridFS中存储的文件
5.1.读取文件
from mongo_db import client from gridfs import GridFS from bson.objectid import ObjectId db=client.school gfs=GridFS(db,collection="book") document = gfs.get(ObjectId("628cd523a4f1ae6cbbf1566a")) with open("D:/MongoDB/222.pdf","wb") as f: f.write(document.read())
5.2.删除文件
1 from mongo_db import client 2 from gridfs import GridFS 3 from bson.objectid import ObjectId 4 5 db=client.school 6 gfs=GridFS(db,collection="book") 7 gfs.delete(ObjectId("628cd523a4f1ae6cbbf1566a"))
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