1.环境准备
| k8s集群角色 | IP | 主机名 | 安装的组件 |
| 控制节点 | 192.168.1.10 | master |
apiserver、controller-manager、scheduler、etcd、docker、keepalived、nginx |
| 控制节点 | 192.168.1.11 | pod1 |
apiserver、controller-manager、scheduler、etcd、docker、keepalived、nginx |
| 控制节点 | 192.168.1.12 | pod2 |
apiserver、controller-manager、scheduler、etcd、docker |
| 工作节点 | 192.168.1.13 | pod3 | kubelet、kube-proxy、docker、calico、coredns |
| VIP | 192.168.1.15 |
# 请参照下面链接中《环境准备》+ 《docker安装》 https://www.cnblogs.com/yangmeichong/p/16452316.html
2.安装etcd集群
etcd完整的cluster（集群）至少有三台，这样才能选举出一个master （主节点）其他两个就是node（次节点）。 如果小于 3 台则无法进行选举,造成集群 不可用。 之前Etcd用的是4000和4001端口，后来由IANA分配了现在的2379和2380端口。 2379端口：提供HTTP API服务，和etcdctl交互； 2380端口：集群中节点间通讯； etcd 下载地址 https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd
etcd 证书生成
# 1.新建etcd工作目录以及证书放置目录 mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl # 2.安装证书签发工具 # 下载地址：https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases mkdir /data/work ls /data/work cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl_linux-amd64 chmod +x cfssl* [root@master work]# mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl [root@master work]# mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson [root@master work]# mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
# 3.配置ca证书
# 生成ca证书请求文件
vi ca-csr.json
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Hubei",
"L": "HS",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "system"
}
],
"ca": {
"expiry": "87600h"
}
}
注：
CN：Common Name（公用名称），kube-apiserver 从证书中提取该字段作为请求的用户名 (User Name)；浏览器使用该字段验证网站是否合法；对于 SSL 证书，一般为网站域名；而对于代码签名证书则为申请单位名称；而对于客户端证书则为证书申请者的姓名。
O：Organization（单位名称），kube-apiserver 从证书中提取该字段作为请求用户所属的组 (Group)；对于 SSL 证书，一般为网站域名；而对于代码签名证书则为申请单位名称；而对于客户端单位证书则为证书申请者所在单位名称。
L 字段：所在城市
S 字段：所在省份
C 字段：只能是国家字母缩写，如中国：CN
[root@master work]# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
2022/07/10 15:12:43 [INFO] generating a new CA key and certificate from CSR
2022/07/10 15:12:43 [INFO] generate received request
2022/07/10 15:12:43 [INFO] received CSR
2022/07/10 15:12:43 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2022/07/10 15:12:43 [INFO] encoded CSR
2022/07/10 15:12:43 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 628696394082749825063249671341784246777273100991
# 生产ca证书文件
[root@master work]# vim ca-config.json
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
],
"expiry": "87600h"
}
}
}
}
# 4. 生产etcd证书
# 配置etcd证书请求
[root@master work]# vim etcd-csr.json
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.1.10",
"192.168.1.11",
"192.168.1.12",
"192.168.1.13",
"192.168.1.14",
"192.168.1.15"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Hubei",
"L": "HS",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "system"
}]
}
#上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP，可以预留几个，做扩容用。
[root@master work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd
2022/07/10 15:18:08 [INFO] generate received request
2022/07/10 15:18:08 [INFO] received CSR
2022/07/10 15:18:08 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2022/07/10 15:18:08 [INFO] encoded CSR
2022/07/10 15:18:08 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 227515911248504786630719202052138859162460197103
2022/07/10 15:18:08 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
[root@master work]# ls etcd*.pem
etcd-key.pem etcd.pem
部署与配置etcd集群
# 5.解压etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz cd /data/work tar xf etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz cp etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64/etcd /usr/local/bin cp etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64/etcdctl /usr/local/bin # 配置环境变量,因为etcd默认使用V2版本，我们需要V3版本的API echo "export ETCDCTL_API=3" >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile [root@master work]# etcdctl version etcdctl version: 3.4.13 API version: 3.4 # 创建etcd配置文件，需要确认用户对数据目录etcd有读写权限，否则服务可能无法正确启动 vi etcd.conf
#[Member] ETCD_NAME="etcd1" ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd" ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.10:2380" ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.10:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379" #[Clustering] ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.10:2380" ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.10:2379" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.1.10:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.1.11:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.1.12:2380" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
#注： ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一 ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录 ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址 ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址 ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址 ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址 ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址 ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群
# ************红色字体是pod1和pod2需要修改的****************
# 创建服务启动配置文件
vi etcd.service [Unit] Description=Etcd Server After=network.target After=network-online.target Wants=network-online.target [Service] Type=notify EnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.conf WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/ # 没有就手动建立 ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd / --cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem / --key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem / --trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem / --peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem / --peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem / --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem / --peer-client-cert-auth / --client-cert-auth Restart=on-failure RestartSec=5 LimitNOFILE=65536 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
mkdir /var/lib/etcd # 将证书和配置文件放置到对应目录 cd /data/work cp ca*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl/ cp etcd*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl/ cp etcd.conf /etc/etcd/ cp etcd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/ # 将证书和配置文件传送到pod1和pod2对应目录 scp ca*pem pod1:/etc/etcd/ssl/ scp etcd*pem pod1:/etc/etcd/ssl/ scp etcd.conf pod1:/etc/etcd/ssl/ scp etcd.service pod1:/usr/lib/systemd/system # 修改pod1和pod2中etcd.conf配置文件 # 加载配置，启动etcd集群 systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable etcd systemctl start etcd 启动etcd的时候，先启动master的etcd服务，会一直卡住在启动的状态，然后接着再启动pod1和pod2的etcd，这样pod1这个节点etcd才会正常起来
# 查看etcd集群 [root@master work]# etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.1.10:2379,https://192.168.1.11:2379,https://192.168.1.12:2379 endpoint health +---------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+ | ENDPOINT | HEALTH | TOOK | ERROR | +---------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+ | https://192.168.1.12:2379 | true | 13.94803ms | | | https://192.168.1.10:2379 | true | 16.519268ms | | | https://192.168.1.11:2379 | true | 16.009991ms | | +---------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
3.安装kubernetes
# 1.部署kubernetes组件
# kubernetes下载地址 https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/releases/download/ https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG # 本次安装版本为 https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.23.8/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz # 解压并进入目录，将文件放置对应目录，并传送至pod1和pod2节点 [root@master bin]# pwd /data/work/kubernetes/server/bin [root@master bin]# cp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl /usr/local/bin/ [root@master bin]# scp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl pod1:/usr/local/bin/ kube-apiserver 100% 113MB 112.7MB/s 00:01 kube-controller-manager 100% 108MB 107.4MB/s 00:01 kube-scheduler 100% 42MB 98.8MB/s 00:00 kubectl # 传送至客户端节点 [root@master bin]# scp kubelet kube-proxy pod3:/usr/local/bin/ kubelet 100% 109MB 92.3MB/s 00:01 kube-proxy
# 创建kubenetes目录
[root@master bin]# mkdir /etc/kubernetes/ssl -p
[root@master bin]# mkdir /var/log/kubernetes
# 2.部署apiserver组件
# 启动TLS Bootstrapping 机制
Master apiserver启用TLS认证后，每个节点的 kubelet 组件都要使用由 apiserver 使用的 CA 签发的有效证书才能与 apiserver 通讯，当Node节点很多时，这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作，同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。
为了简化流程，Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping机制来自动颁发客户端证书，kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书，kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。
Bootstrap 是很多系统中都存在的程序，比如 Linux 的bootstrap，bootstrap 一般都是作为预先配置在开启或者系统启动的时候加载，这可以用来生成一个指定环境。Kubernetes 的 kubelet 在启动时同样可以加载一个这样的配置文件，这个文件的内容类似如下形式：
apiVersion: v1
clusters: null
contexts:
- context:
cluster: kubernetes
user: kubelet-bootstrap
name: default
current-context: default
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: kubelet-bootstrap
user: {}
# TLS bootstrapping 具体引导过程
1.TLS 作用
TLS 的作用就是对通讯加密，防止中间人窃听；同时如果证书不信任的话根本就无法与 apiserver 建立连接，更不用提有没有权限向apiserver请求指定内容。
2. RBAC 作用
当 TLS 解决了通讯问题后，那么权限问题就应由 RBAC 解决(可以使用其他权限模型，如 ABAC)；RBAC 中规定了一个用户或者用户组(subject)具有请求哪些 api 的权限；在配合 TLS 加密的时候，实际上 apiserver 读取客户端证书的 CN 字段作为用户名，读取 O字段作为用户组
以上说明：第一，想要与 apiserver 通讯就必须采用由 apiserver CA 签发的证书，这样才能形成信任关系，建立 TLS 连接；第二，可以通过证书的 CN、O 字段来提供 RBAC 所需的用户与用户组
# kubelet 首次启动流程
TLS bootstrapping 功能是让 kubelet 组件去 apiserver 申请证书，然后用于连接 apiserver；那么第一次启动时没有证书如何连接 apiserver ?
在apiserver 配置中指定了一个 token.csv 文件，该文件中是一个预设的用户配置；同时该用户的Token 和 由apiserver 的 CA签发的用户被写入了 kubelet 所使用的 bootstrap.kubeconfig 配置文件中；这样在首次请求时，kubelet 使用 bootstrap.kubeconfig 中被 apiserver CA 签发证书时信任的用户来与 apiserver 建立 TLS 通讯，
使用 bootstrap.kubeconfig 中的用户 Token 来向 apiserver 声明自己的 RBAC 授权身份.
token.csv格式:
cfe700f04bd1488443a3b38f0cd1c42c,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
首次启动时，可能与遇到 kubelet 报 401 无权访问 apiserver 的错误；这是因为在默认情况下，kubelet 通过 bootstrap.kubeconfig 中的预设用户 Token 声明了自己的身份，然后创建 CSR 请求；但是不要忘记这个用户在我们不处理的情况下他没任何权限的，包括创建 CSR 请求；所以需要创建一个 ClusterRoleBinding
，将预设用户 kubelet-bootstrap 与内置的 ClusterRole system:node-bootstrapper 绑定到一起，使其能够发起 CSR 请求。稍后安装kubelet的时候演示。
# 操作流程
# 证书生成 # 创建token.csv cd /data/work [root@master bin]# cat > token.csv << EOF > $(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '),kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap" > EOF #格式：token，用户名，UID，用户组 #创建csr请求文件，替换为自己机器的IP vim kube-apiserver-csr.json { "CN": "kubernetes", "hosts": [ "127.0.0.1", "192.168.1.10", "192.168.1.11", "192.168.1.12", "192.168.1.13", "192.168.1.14", "192.168.1.15", "10.255.0.1", "kubernetes", "kubernetes.default", "kubernetes.default.svc", "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster", "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local" ], "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "ST": "Hubei", "L": "HS", "O": "k8s", "OU": "system" } ] } #注： 如果 hosts 字段不为空则需要指定授权使用该证书的 IP 或域名列表。 由于该证书后续被 kubernetes master 集群使用，需要将master节点的IP都填上，同时还需要填写 service 网络的首个IP。(一般是 kube-apiserver 指定的 service-cluster-ip-range 网段的第一个IP，如 10.255.0.1) # 生成证书 [root@master work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-apiserver 2022/07/10 20:29:58 [INFO] generate received request 2022/07/10 20:29:58 [INFO] received CSR 2022/07/10 20:29:58 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048 2022/07/10 20:29:58 [INFO] encoded CSR 2022/07/10 20:29:58 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 523873677850792673385021808174041241620971761047 2022/07/10 20:29:58 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org); specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
# 2.创建api-server配置文件,标红的地方是需要在pod1和pod2进行修改 vim kube-apiserver.conf
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota / --anonymous-auth=false / --bind-address=192.168.1.10 / --secure-port=6443 / --advertise-address=192.168.1.10 / --insecure-port=0 / --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC / --runtime-config=api/all=true / --enable-bootstrap-token-auth / --service-cluster-ip-range=10.255.0.0/16 / --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv / --service-node-port-range=30000-50000 / --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem / --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem / --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem / --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem / --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem / --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem / --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem / --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local / --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem / --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem / --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem / --etcd-servers=https://192.168.1.10:2379,https://192.168.1.11:2379,https://192.168.1.12:2379 / --enable-swagger-ui=true / --allow-privileged=true / --apiserver-count=3 / --audit-log-maxage=30 / --audit-log-maxbackup=3 / --audit-log-maxsize=100 / --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log / --event-ttl=1h / --alsologtostderr=true / --logtostderr=false / --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes / --v=4"
#注： --logtostderr：启用日志 --v：日志等级 --log-dir：日志目录 --etcd-servers：etcd集群地址 --bind-address：监听地址 --secure-port：https安全端口 --advertise-address：集群通告地址 --allow-privileged：启用授权 --service-cluster-ip-range：Service虚拟IP地址段 --enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块 --authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理 --enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap机制
# 3.kube-apiserver服务启动文件
[Unit] Description=Kubernetes API Server Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes After=etcd.service Wants=etcd.service [Service] EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS Restart=on-failure RestartSec=5 Type=notify LimitNOFILE=65536 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
# 拷贝证书至对应目录 cd /data/work cp ca*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl cp kube-apiserver*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ cp token.csv /etc/kubernetes/ cp kube-apiserver.conf /etc/kubernetes/ cp kube-apiserver.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/ # 将证书和配置文件传送至pod1和pod2 cd /data/work scp ca*.pem kube-apiserver*.pem pod1:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ scp ca*.pem kube-apiserver*.pem pod2:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ scp token.csv kube-apiserver.conf pod1:/etc/kubernetes/ scp token.csv kube-apiserver.conf pod2:/etc/kubernetes/ scp kube-apiserver.service pod1:/usr/lib/systemd/system/ scp kube-apiserver.service pod2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
# 修改pod1和pod2中kube-apiserver.conf中对应IP，之前master上有标红
# 启动kube-apiserver
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl start kube-apiserver && systemctl status kube-apiserver
[root@master work]# curl –insecure https://192.168.1.10:6443
{
“kind”: “Status”,
“apiVersion”: “v1”,
“metadata”: {
},
“status”: “Failure”,
“message”: “Unauthorized”,
“reason”: “Unauthorized”,
“code”: 401
上面看到401，这个是正常的的状态，还没认证
4.部署kubectl组件
Kubectl是客户端工具，操作k8s资源的，如增删改查等。 Kubectl操作资源的时候，怎么知道连接到哪个集群，需要一个文件/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf，kubectl会根据这个文件的配置，去访问k8s资源。/etc/kubernetes/admin.con文件记录了访问的k8s集群，和用到的证书。 可以设置一个环境变量KUBECONFIG，等文件生成后再运行 export KUBECONFIG =/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf 这样在操作kubectl，就会自动加载KUBECONFIG来操作要管理哪个集群的k8s资源了 也可以按照下面方法，这个是在kubeadm初始化k8s的时候会告诉我们要用的一个方法 cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /root/.kube/config 这样我们在执行kubectl，就会加载/root/.kube/config文件，去操作k8s资源了 如果设置了KUBECONFIG，那就会先找到KUBECONFIG去操作k8s，如果没有KUBECONFIG变量，那就会使用/root/.kube/config文件决定管理哪个k8s集群的资源
# 1.创建csr请求文件
cd /data/work/
vi admin-csr.json
{
"CN": "admin",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Hubei",
"L": "HS",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "system"
}
]
}
#说明： 后续 kube-apiserver 使用 RBAC 对客户端(如 kubelet、kube-proxy、Pod)请求进行授权； kube-apiserver 预定义了一些 RBAC 使用的 RoleBindings，如 cluster-admin 将 Group system:masters 与 Role cluster-admin 绑定，该 Role 授予了调用kube-apiserver 的所有 API的权限； O指定该证书的 Group 为 system:masters，
kubelet 使用该证书访问 kube-apiserver 时 ，由于证书被 CA 签名，所以认证通过，同时由于证书用户组为经过预授权的 system:masters，所以被授予访问所有 API 的权限；
注： 这个admin 证书，是将来生成管理员用的kube config 配置文件用的，现在我们一般建议使用RBAC 来对kubernetes 进行角色权限控制， kubernetes 将证书中的CN 字段 作为User， O 字段作为 Group； "O": "system:masters", 必须是system:masters，否则后面kubectl create clusterrolebinding报错。
#证书O配置为system:masters 在集群内部cluster-admin的clusterrolebinding将system:masters组和cluster-admin clusterrole绑定在一起
# 2.生产证书
[root@master work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
2022/07/10 21:08:49 [INFO] generate received request
2022/07/10 21:08:49 [INFO] received CSR
2022/07/10 21:08:49 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2022/07/10 21:08:49 [INFO] encoded CSR
2022/07/10 21:08:49 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 88098665765798087612352830297492503562078686184
2022/07/10 21:08:49 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
[root@master work]# cp admin*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
""" # 3.配置安全上下文 #创建kubeconfig配置文件，比较重要 kubeconfig 为 kubectl 的配置文件，包含访问 apiserver 的所有信息，如 apiserver 地址、CA 证书和自身使用的证书（这里如果报错找不到kubeconfig路径，请手动复制到相应路径下，没有则忽略 """ # (1)设置集群参数
[root@master work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes –certificate-authority=ca.pem –embed-certs=true –server=https://192.168.1.10:6443 –kubeconfig=kube.config
Cluster “kubernetes” set.
# 查看kube.config内容
[root@master work]# cat kube.config
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
certificate-authority-data: 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
server: https://192.168.1.10:6443
name: kubernetes
contexts: null
current-context: ""
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users: null
# (2)设置客户端认证参数
[root@master work]# kubectl config set-credentials admin --client-certificate=admin.pem --client-key=admin-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube.config
User "admin" set.
# (3)设置上下文参数
[root@master work]# kubectl config set-context kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=admin --kubeconfig=kube.config
Context "kubernetes" created.
# (4)设置当前上下文
[root@master work]# kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=kube.config
Switched to context "kubernetes".
[root@master work]# mkdir ~/.kube -p
[root@master work]# cp kube.config ~/.kube/config
# (5)授权kubernetes证书访问kubelet api权限
[root@master work]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis created
# 查看集群组件状态
[root@master work]# kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes control plane is running at https://192.168.1.10:6443
To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
[root@master work]# kubectl get componentstatuses
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Unhealthy Get "http://127.0.0.1:10251/healthz": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10251: connect: connection refused
controller-manager Unhealthy Get "http://127.0.0.1:10252/healthz": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10252: connect: connection refused
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
[root@master work]# kubectl get all --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
default service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.255.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 31m
同步kubectl至其它节点
pod1和pod2上创建目录
mkdir /root/.kube scp /root/.kube/config pod1:/root/.kube/ scp /root/.kube/config pod2:/root/.kube/
# (6) 配置kubectl子命令补全 [root@master work]# yum install -y bash-completion [root@master work]# source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion [root@master work]# source <(kubectl completion bash) [root@master work]# kubectl completion bash > ~/.kube/completion.bash.inc [root@master work]# source '/root/.kube/completion.bash.inc' [root@master work]# source $HOME/.bash_profile # Kubectl官方备忘单：上面命令注释 https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet/
5.部署kube-controller-manager组件
# 1.创建csr请求文件
cd /data/work
vim kube-controller-manager-csr.json
{
"CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.1.10",
"192.168.1.11",
"192.168.1.12",
"192.168.1.13",
"192.168.1.14",
"192.168.1.15"
],
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Hubei",
"L": "HS",
"O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"OU": "system"
}
]
}
"""
注： hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点 IP； CN 为 system:kube-controller-manager、O 为 system:kube-controller-manager，kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-controller-manager 赋予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的权限
"""
# 2.生产证书
[root@master work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
2022/07/10 21:38:42 [INFO] generate received request
2022/07/10 21:38:42 [INFO] received CSR
2022/07/10 21:38:42 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2022/07/10 21:38:42 [INFO] encoded CSR
2022/07/10 21:38:42 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 675321238561007709437266157570831191194629611394
2022/07/10 21:38:42 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
# 3.创建kube-controller-manager的kubeconfig
# （1）设置集群参数
[root@master work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.1.10:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
# （2）设置客户端认证参数
[root@master work]# kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager --client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem --client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
User "system:kube-controller-manager" set.
# （3）设置上下文参数
[root@master work]# kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
Context "system:kube-controller-manager" created.
# （4）设置当前上下文
[root@master work]# kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
Switched to context "system:kube-controller-manager".
创建配置文件kube-controller-manager.conf
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--port=0 / --secure-port=10252 / --bind-address=127.0.0.1 / --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig / --service-cluster-ip-range=10.255.0.0/16 / --cluster-name=kubernetes / --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem / --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem / --allocate-node-cidrs=true / --cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/16 / --experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h / --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem / --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem / --leader-elect=true / --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true / --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner / --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients=true / --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s / --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem / --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager-key.pem / --use-service-account-credentials=true / --alsologtostderr=true / --logtostderr=false / --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes / --v=2"
创建启动文件kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit] Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes [Service] EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.conf ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS Restart=on-failure RestartSec=5 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
# 将证书和配置文件发送给集群中pod1和pod2 [root@master work]# cp kube-controller-manager*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ [root@master work]# cp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/ [root@master work]# cp kube-controller-manager.conf /etc/kubernetes/ [root@master work]# cp kube-controller-manager.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/ ##### [root@master work]# scp kube-controller-manager*.pem pod1:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ [root@master work]# scp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.conf pod1:/etc/kubernetes/ [root@master work]# scp kube-controller-manager.service pod1:/usr/lib/systemd/system/ [root@master work]# scp kube-controller-manager*.pem pod2:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ [root@master work]# scp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.conf pod2:/etc/kubernetes/ [root@master work]# scp kube-controller-manager.service pod2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/ # 启动kube-controller-manager systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-controller-manager systemctl start kube-controller-manager && systemctl status kube-controller-manager
6. 部署kube-scheduler组件
# 1.创建csr请求
cd /data/work
vim kube-scheduler-csr.json
{
"CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.1.10",
"192.168.1.11",
"192.168.1.12",
"192.168.1.13",
"192.168.1.14",
"192.168.1.15"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Hubei",
"L": "HS",
"O": "system:kube-scheduler",
"OU": "system"
}
]
}
注： hosts 列表包含所有 kube-scheduler 节点 IP； CN 为 system:kube-scheduler、O 为system:kube-scheduler，kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-scheduler 将赋予 kube-scheduler 工作所需的权限。
# 2.生成证书
[root@master work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
2022/07/10 22:03:24 [INFO] generate received request
2022/07/10 22:03:24 [INFO] received CSR
2022/07/10 22:03:24 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2022/07/10 22:03:24 [INFO] encoded CSR
2022/07/10 22:03:24 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 486581197126687822926502649719259456556134909029
2022/07/10 22:03:24 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
#3.创建kube-scheduler的kubeconfig
# （1）设置集群参数
[root@master work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.1.10:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
# (2) 设置客户端认证参数
[root@master work]# kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler --client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem --client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
User "system:kube-scheduler" set.
# （3）设置上下文参数
[root@master work]# kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
Context "system:kube-scheduler" created.
# （4）设置当前上下文
[root@master work]# kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
Switched to context "system:kube-scheduler".
创建配置文件kube-scheduler.conf
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--address=127.0.0.1 / --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig / --leader-elect=true / --alsologtostderr=true / --logtostderr=false / --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes / --v=2"
创建服务启动文件 kube-scheduler.service
[Unit] Description=Kubernetes Scheduler Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes [Service] EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.conf ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS Restart=on-failure RestartSec=5 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
# 将配置文件放置对应目录，并传到集群pod1和pod2中对应目录 cd /data/work cp kube-scheduler*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ cp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/ cp kube-scheduler.conf /etc/kubernetes/ cp kube-scheduler.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/ #### scp kube-scheduler*.pem pod1:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ scp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.conf pod1:/etc/kubernetes/ scp kube-scheduler.service pod1:/usr/lib/systemd/system/ scp kube-scheduler*.pem pod2:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ scp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.conf pod2:/etc/kubernetes/ scp kube-scheduler.service pod2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/ # 集群上启动kube-scheduler systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-scheduler systemctl start kube-scheduler && systemctl status kube-scheduler
7.部署kubelet组件
# 1.获取coredns镜像并在pod3上导入部署
https://github.com/coredns/coredns
https://github.com/coredns/coredns/releases
[root@pod3 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
k8s.gcr.io/coredns 1.7.0 bfe3a36ebd25 2 years ago 45.2MB
k8s.gcr.io/pause 3.2 80d28bedfe5d 2 years ago 683kB
# 2.部署kubelet组件
"""
kubelet： 每个Node节点上的kubelet定期就会调用API Server的REST接口报告自身状态，API Server接收这些信息后，将节点状态信息更新到etcd中。kubelet也通过API Server监听Pod信息，从而对Node机器上的POD进行管理，如创建、删除、更新Pod
"""
# 在master节点上
# 创建kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig空文件
vim kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
[root@master work]# BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(awk -F "," '{print $1}' /etc/kubernetes/token.csv)
[root@master work]# rm -r kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
[root@master work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.1.10:6443 --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
[root@master work]# kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
User "kubelet-bootstrap" set.
[root@master work]# kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kubelet-bootstrap --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
Context "default" created.
[root@master work]# kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
Switched to context "default".
[root@master work]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubelet-bootstrap created
# 3.创建配置文件kubelet.json
# "cgroupDriver": "systemd"要和docker的驱动一致。
# address替换为自己xianchaonode1的IP地址。
vim kubelet.json
{
"kind": "KubeletConfiguration",
"apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1",
"authentication": {
"x509": {
"clientCAFile": "/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem"
},
"webhook": {
"enabled": true,
"cacheTTL": "2m0s"
},
"anonymous": {
"enabled": false
}
},
"authorization": {
"mode": "Webhook",
"webhook": {
"cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s",
"cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s"
}
},
"address": "192.168.1.13",
"port": 10250,
"readOnlyPort": 10255,
"cgroupDriver": "systemd",
"hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge",
"serializeImagePulls": false,
"featureGates": {
"RotateKubeletClientCertificate": true,
"RotateKubeletServerCertificate": true
},
"clusterDomain": "cluster.local.",
"clusterDNS": ["10.255.0.2"]
}
创建kubelet服务启动文件kubelet.service
[Unit] Description=Kubernetes Kubelet Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes After=docker.service Requires=docker.service mkdir /var/lib/kubelet [Service] WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet / --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig / --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl / --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig / --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.json / --network-plugin=cni / --pod-infra-container-image=k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2 / --alsologtostderr=true / --logtostderr=false / --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes / --v=2 Restart=on-failure RestartSec=5 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target #注： –network-plugin：启用CNI –kubeconfig：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接apiserver –bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向apiserver申请证书 –config：配置参数文件 –cert-dir：kubelet证书生成目录 –pod-infra-container-image：管理Pod网络容器的镜像 #注：kubelete.json配置文件address改为各个节点的ip地址，在各个work节点上启动服务
# 仅仅在节点pod3上执行 # 将配置文件放置对应目录，并传到集群pod1和pod2中对应目录 mkdir /var/lib/kubelet mkdir /etc/kubernetes/ssl -p [root@master work]# scp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.json pod3:/etc/kubernetes/ [root@master work]# scp ca.pem pod3:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ [root@master work]# scp kubelet.service pod3:/usr/lib/systemd/system/ # 启动kubelet服务 [root@pod3 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kubelet [root@pod3 ~]# systemctl start kubelet [root@pod3 ~]# systemctl status kubelet
# 执行如下命令可以看到一个worker节点发送了一个 CSR 请求： [root@master work]# kubectl get csr NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION node-csr-tSArThPV4W2Qq08-gZth6m1zto2sjr0FYL4ZjfQMLkM 105s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending [root@master work]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-tSArThPV4W2Qq08-gZth6m1zto2sjr0FYL4ZjfQMLkM certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-tSArThPV4W2Qq08-gZth6m1zto2sjr0FYL4ZjfQMLkM approved [root@master work]# kubectl get csr NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION node-csr-tSArThPV4W2Qq08-gZth6m1zto2sjr0FYL4ZjfQMLkM 2m33s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued [root@master work]# kubectl get nodes NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION pod3 NotReady <none> 26s v1.20.7 #注意：STATUS是NotReady表示还没有安装网络插件
8.部署kube-proxy组件
# 1.创建csr请求
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Hubei",
"L": "HS",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "system"
}
]
}
# 2.生成证书
[root@master work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
2022/07/10 22:53:00 [INFO] generate received request
2022/07/10 22:53:00 [INFO] received CSR
2022/07/10 22:53:00 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2022/07/10 22:53:00 [INFO] encoded CSR
2022/07/10 22:53:00 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 402854729073937195389473073454524367769134014004
2022/07/10 22:53:00 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
#3.创建kube-proxy的kubeconfig文件
[root@master work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.1.10:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
[root@master work]# kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy --client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem --client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
User "kube-proxy" set.
[root@master work]# kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kube-proxy --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
Context "default" created.
[root@master work]# kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
Switched to context "default".
#创建kube-proxy配置文件kube-proxy.yaml apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1 bindAddress: 192.168.1.13 clientConnection: kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig clusterCIDR: 192.168.1.0/24 healthzBindAddress: 192.168.1.13:10256 kind: KubeProxyConfiguration metricsBindAddress: 192.168.1.13:10249 mode: "ipvs"
创建kube-proxy服务启动文件kube-proxy.service
[Unit] Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes After=network.target [Service] WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kube-proxy ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy / --config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml / --alsologtostderr=true / --logtostderr=false / --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes / --v=2 Restart=on-failure RestartSec=5 LimitNOFILE=65536 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
# 将配置文件传到pod3节点上 [root@master work]# scp kube-proxy.kubeconfig kube-proxy.yaml pod3:/etc/kubernetes/ [root@master work]# scp kube-proxy.service pod3:/usr/lib/systemd/system/ # pod3节点启动kube-proxy服务 [root@pod3 ~]# mkdir -p /var/lib/kube-proxy [root@pod3 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@pod3 ~]# systemctl enable kube-proxy [root@pod3 ~]# systemctl start kube-proxy [root@pod3 ~]# systemctl status kube-proxy
9.部署calico组件
# calico组件github地址以及下载地址 https://github.com/projectcalico/calico https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/releases # 1.导入calico镜像 [root@pod3 ~]# docker load -i calico.tar.gz [root@pod3 ~]# docker images | grep calico calico/pod2daemon-flexvol v3.18.0 2a22066e9588 16 months ago 21.7MB calico/node v3.18.0 5a7c4970fbc2 16 months ago 172MB calico/cni v3.18.0 727de170e4ce 16 months ago 131MB calico/kube-controllers v3.18.0 9a154323fbf7 16 months ago 53.4MB # 2.calico配置文件calico.yml # 在master节点上执行 [root@master work]# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml configmap/calico-config created customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgppeers.crd.projectcalico.org created customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/blockaffinities.crd.projectcalico.org created customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/clusterinformations.crd.projectcalico.org created customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/felixconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworksets.crd.projectcalico.org created customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/hostendpoints.crd.projectcalico.org created customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamblocks.crd.projectcalico.org created customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamconfigs.crd.projectcalico.org created customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamhandles.crd.projectcalico.org created customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ippools.crd.projectcalico.org created customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/kubecontrollersconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networksets.crd.projectcalico.org created clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created daemonset.apps/calico-node created serviceaccount/calico-node created deployment.apps/calico-kube-controllers created serviceaccount/calico-kube-controllers created poddisruptionbudget.policy/calico-kube-controllers created # 查看节点 [root@master work]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES calico-kube-controllers-6949477b58-286cq 1/1 Running 0 47s 172.16.181.129 pod3 <none> <none> calico-node-8wbnr 1/1 Running 0 47s 192.168.1.13 pod3 <none> <none> [root@master work]# kubectl get nodes NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION pod3 Ready <none> 26m v1.20.7
10.部署coredns组件
# master上执行 [root@master work]# kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml serviceaccount/coredns created clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created configmap/coredns created deployment.apps/coredns created service/kube-dns created [root@master work]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE calico-kube-controllers-6949477b58-286cq 1/1 Running 0 10m calico-node-8wbnr 1/1 Running 0 10m coredns-7bf4bd64bd-jjt7b 1/1 Running 0 35s [root@pod3 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE calico/pod2daemon-flexvol v3.18.0 2a22066e9588 16 months ago 21.7MB calico/node v3.18.0 5a7c4970fbc2 16 months ago 172MB calico/cni v3.18.0 727de170e4ce 16 months ago 131MB calico/kube-controllers v3.18.0 9a154323fbf7 16 months ago 53.4MB coredns/coredns 1.7.0 bfe3a36ebd25 2 years ago 45.2MB k8s.gcr.io/coredns 1.7.0 bfe3a36ebd25 2 years ago 45.2MB k8s.gcr.io/pause 3.2 80d28bedfe5d 2 years ago 683kB # 查看集群状态 [root@master work]# kubectl get nodes NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION pod3 Ready <none> 37m v1.20.7
10.测试k8s集群部署tomcat服务
# 在pod3节点导入镜像tomcat和busybox
[root@pod3 ~]# docker load -i tomcat.tar.gz
[root@pod3 ~]# docker load -i busybox-1-28.tar.gz
# 在master上运行tomcat.yaml
apiVersion: v1 #pod属于k8s核心组v1
kind: Pod #创建的是一个Pod资源
metadata: #元数据
name: demo-pod #pod名字
namespace: default #pod所属的名称空间
labels:
app: myapp #pod具有的标签
env: dev #pod具有的标签
spec:
containers: #定义一个容器，容器是对象列表，下面可以有多个name
- name: tomcat-pod-java #容器的名字
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
image: tomcat:8.5-jre8-alpine #容器使用的镜像
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
- name: busybox
image: busybox:latest
command: #command是一个列表，定义的时候下面的参数加横线
- "/bin/sh"
- "-c"
- "sleep 3600"
[root@master work]# kubectl apply -f tomcat.yaml
pod/demo-pod created
[root@master work]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
demo-pod 2/2 Running 0 39s
# 运行tomcat-service.yaml启动tomcat
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: tomcat
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 8080
nodePort: 30080
selector:
app: myapp
env: dev
[root@master work]# kubectl apply -f tomcat-service.yaml
service/tomcat created
[root@master work]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.255.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 163m
tomcat NodePort 10.255.205.41 <none> 8080:30080/TCP 28s
在浏览器访问xianchaonode1节点的192.168.1.13:30080即可请求到浏览器
11.验证coredns是否正常
[root@master work]# kubectl run busybox --image busybox:1.28 --restart=Never --rm -it busybox -- sh If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter. / # ping www.baidu.com PING www.baidu.com (182.61.200.6): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 182.61.200.6: seq=0 ttl=127 time=26.914 ms 64 bytes from 182.61.200.6: seq=1 ttl=127 time=26.936 ms ^C --- www.baidu.com ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 26.914/26.925/26.936 ms / # nslookup kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local Server: 10.255.0.2 Address 1: 10.255.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local Name: kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local Address 1: 10.255.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local / # nslookup tomcat.default.svc.cluster.local Server: 10.255.0.2 Address 1: 10.255.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local Name: tomcat.default.svc.cluster.local Address 1: 10.255.205.41 tomcat.default.svc.cluster.local #注意： busybox要用指定的1.28版本，不能用最新版本，最新版本，nslookup会解析不到dns和ip，报错如下： / # nslookup kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local Server: 10.255.0.2 Address: 10.255.0.2:53 *** Can't find kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local: No answer *** Can't find kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local: No answer 10.255.0.2 就是我们coreDNS的clusterIP，说明coreDNS配置好了。 解析内部Service的名称，是通过coreDNS去解析的。
12.安装keepalived+nginx实现k8s apiserver高可用
# 在master、pod1、pod2上安装 yum install nginx keepalived -y
# 配置nginx（nginx.conf 3个是一样的）
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
# 四层负载均衡，为两台Master apiserver组件提供负载均衡
stream {
log_format main '$remote_addr $upstream_addr - [$time_local] $status $upstream_bytes_sent';
access_log /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log main;
upstream k8s-apiserver {
server 192.168.1.10:6443; # xianchaomaster1 APISERVER IP:PORT
server 192.168.1.11:6443; # xianchaomaster2 APISERVER IP:PORT
server 192.168.1.12:6443; # xianchaomaster3 APISERVER IP:PORT
}
server {
listen 16443; # 由于nginx与master节点复用，这个监听端口不能是6443，否则会冲突
proxy_pass k8s-apiserver;
}
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name _;
location / {
}
}
}
nginx.conf
# 配置keepalived.conf
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id NGINX_MASTER
}
vrrp_script check_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER # pod1为BACKUP1,pod2为BACKUP2
interface ens33 # 修改为实际网卡名
virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID实例，每个实例是唯一的,pod1为52，pod2为53
priority 100 # 优先级，备服务器设置 90和80
advert_int 1 # 指定VRRP 心跳包通告间隔时间，默认1秒
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
# 虚拟IP
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.15/24
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}
keepalived.conf
[root@master keepalived]# cat check_nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ps -ef |grep nginx | grep sbin | egrep -cv "grep|$$")
if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
systemctl stop keepalived
fi
chmod +x check_nginx.sh
check_nginx.sh
# 启动nginx、keepalived服务 systemctl start nginx && systemctl enable nginx && systemctl status nginx systemctl start keepalived && systemctl enable keepalived && systemctl status keepalived # 测试IP是否会漂移 # 将master上nginx关闭后会发现，VIP会漂移到pod1上，重启master上nginx和keepalived，VIP会重新漂移到master上
目前所有的Worker Node组件连接都还是master Node，如果不改为连接VIP走负载均衡器，那么Master还是单点故障。 因此接下来就是要改所有Worker Node（kubectl get node命令查看到的节点）组件配置文件，由原来192.168.1.10修改为192.168.1.15（VIP）。 在所有Node节点执行： [root@pod3 ~]# sed -i 's#192.168.1.10:6443#192.168.1.15:16443#' /etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig [root@pod3 ~]# sed -i 's#192.168.1.10:6443#192.168.1.15:16443#' /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.json [root@pod3 ~]# sed -i 's#192.168.1.10:6443#192.168.1.15:16443#' /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig [root@pod3 ~]# sed -i 's#192.168.1.10:6443#192.168.1.15:16443#' /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml [root@pod3 ~]# sed -i 's#192.168.1.10:6443#192.168.1.15:16443#' /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig [root@pod3 ~]# systemctl restart kubelet kube-proxy
原创文章，作者：carmelaweatherly，如若转载，请注明出处：https://blog.ytso.com/273491.html