Spring 基于注解的配置
从 Spring 2.5 开始就可以使用注解来配置依赖注入。而不是采用 XML 来描述一个 bean 连线，你可以使用相关类，方法或字段声明的注解，将 bean 配置移动到组件类本身。
- 注解：就是一个类，使用@注解名称 开发中：使用注解 取代 xml配置文件。
创建Bean
@Component取代<bean class=""> @Component(“id”) 取代 <bean id="" class="">
web开发，提供3个@Component注解衍生注解（功能一样）取代<bean class="">
- @Repository ：dao层 @Service：service层 @Controller：web层
注解使用前提，添加命名空间，让spring扫描含有注解类
- 配置
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 组件扫描，扫描含有注解的类 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cc.study.annotation"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
- schema命名空间 User
@Component("userId")
public class User {
private String username;
private Address address;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
}
- 测试
@Test
public void demo01(){
String xmlPath = "annotation.xml";
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(xmlPath);
User user = (User) applicationContext.getBean("userId");
System.out.println(user);
}
结果发现报错了，报错如下：
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(Unknown Source) at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(Unknown Source) at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(Unknown Source) at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReader.<init>(SimpleMetadataReader.java:52) at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.java:80) at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.CachingMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(CachingMetadataReaderFactory.java:101) at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.java:76) at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.getImports(ConfigurationClassParser.java:298) at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.getImports(ConfigurationClassParser.java:300) at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.getImports(ConfigurationClassParser.java:300) at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.doProcessConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassParser.java:230) at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.processConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassParser.java:153) at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.parse(ConfigurationClassParser.java:130) at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.processConfigBeanDefinitions(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:285) at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:223) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:630) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:461) at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:139) at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:83) at com.cc.study.annotation.TestAnnotation.demo01(TestAnnotation.java:16) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:76) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236) at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:157) at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:117) at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:42) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:262) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:84) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:147)
然后我试了一下把Spring的版本改成4.0，把JDK改为1.8即可
<dependencies>
<!-- 4个核心（beans、core、context、expression） -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-expression -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.7</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
测试结果：
依赖注入
依赖注入，给私有字段设置，也可以给setter方法设置
原创文章，作者：ItWorker，如若转载，请注明出处：https://blog.ytso.com/292947.html