如今的互联网已经朝着物联网时代埋进了,而要在物联网中进行开发,MQTT协议是绕不开的一环。今天icode9小编将为大家带来基于JAVA的MQTT协议开发操作,包括在Java项目中使用MQTT实现客户端与broker之间的连接、订阅、取消订阅、发布、接收消息等功能。大家一起来看看吧
添加依赖
本文的开发环境为:
-
构建工具:Maven
-
集成开发环境:IntelliJ IDEA
-
Java:JDK 1.8.0
我们将使用Eclipse Paho Java Client作为客户端,它是 Java 语言中使用最广泛的 MQTT 客户端库。
将以下依赖项添加到pom.xml
文件中。
org.eclipse.pahoorg.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv31.2.5" data-lang="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.eclipse.paho</groupId> <artifactId>org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3</artifactId> <version>1.2.5</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
创建 MQTT 连接
MQTT 代理
本文将使用基于EMQX Cloud创建的公共 MQTT 服务器。服务器访问信息如下:
-
经纪商:broker.emqx.io
-
TCP端口:1883
-
SSL/TLS 端口:8883
连接
设置MQTT的基本连接参数。用户名和密码是可选的。
String broker = "tcp://broker.emqx.io:1883"; // TLS/SSL // String broker = "ssl://broker.emqx.io:8883"; String username = "emqx"; String password = "public"; String clientid = "publish_client";
然后创建一个 MQTT 客户端并连接到代理。
MqttClient client = new MqttClient(broker, clientid, new MemoryPersistence()); MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions(); options.setUserName(username); options.setPassword(password.toCharArray()); client.connect(options);
指示:
-
MqttClient:MqttClient 提供了一组方法,一旦 MQTT 操作完成,这些方法就会阻止并将控制权返回给应用程序。
-
MqttClientPersistence:表示一个持久性数据存储,用于存储传输中的出站和入站消息,从而实现指定 QoS 的交付。
-
MqttConnectOptions:包含控制客户端如何连接到服务器的选项集。下面是一些常用的方法:
-
setUserName:设置用于连接的用户名。
-
setPassword:设置用于连接的密码。
-
setCleanSession:设置客户端和服务器是否应该在重新启动和重新连接时记住状态。
-
setKeepAliveInterval:设置“保持活动”间隔。
-
setConnectionTimeout:设置连接超时值。
-
setAutomaticReconnect:设置如果连接丢失,客户端是否会自动尝试重新连接到服务器。
-
使用 TLS/SSL 连接
如果要为 TLS/SSL 连接使用自签名证书,请将bcpkix-jdk15on添加到pom.xml
文件中。
org.bouncycastlebcpkix-jdk15on1.70" data-lang="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.bouncycastle/bcpkix-jdk15on --> <dependency> <groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId> <artifactId>bcpkix-jdk15on</artifactId> <version>1.70</version> </dependency>
然后SSLUtils.java
使用以下代码创建文件。
0) { caCert = (X509Certificate) cf.generateCertificate(bis); } // load client certificate bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(crtFile)); X509Certificate cert = null; while (bis.available() > 0) { cert = (X509Certificate) cf.generateCertificate(bis); } // load client private key PEMParser pemParser = new PEMParser(new FileReader(keyFile)); Object object = pemParser.readObject(); JcaPEMKeyConverter converter = new JcaPEMKeyConverter().setProvider("BC"); KeyPair key = converter.getKeyPair((PEMKeyPair) object); pemParser.close(); // CA certificate is used to authenticate server KeyStore caKs = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); caKs.load(null, null); caKs.setCertificateEntry("ca-certificate", caCert); TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance("X509"); tmf.init(caKs); // client key and certificates are sent to server so it can authenticate KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); ks.load(null, null); ks.setCertificateEntry("certificate", cert); ks.setKeyEntry("private-key", key.getPrivate(), password.toCharArray(), new java.security.cert.Certificate[]{cert}); KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(KeyManagerFactory .getDefaultAlgorithm()); kmf.init(ks, password.toCharArray()); // finally, create SSL socket factory SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLSv1.2"); context.init(kmf.getKeyManagers(), tmf.getTrustManagers(), null); return context.getSocketFactory(); } }" data-lang="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
package io.emqx.mqtt; import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider; import org.bouncycastle.openssl.PEMKeyPair; import org.bouncycastle.openssl.PEMParser; import org.bouncycastle.openssl.jcajce.JcaPEMKeyConverter; import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory; import java.io.BufferedInputStream; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileReader; import java.security.KeyPair; import java.security.KeyStore; import java.security.Security; import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory; import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; public class SSLUtils { public static SSLSocketFactory getSocketFactory(final String caCrtFile, final String crtFile, final String keyFile, final String password) throws Exception { Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider()); // load CA certificate X509Certificate caCert = null; FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(caCrtFile); BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis); CertificateFactory cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509"); while (bis.available() > 0) { caCert = (X509Certificate) cf.generateCertificate(bis); } // load client certificate bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(crtFile)); X509Certificate cert = null; while (bis.available() > 0) { cert = (X509Certificate) cf.generateCertificate(bis); } // load client private key PEMParser pemParser = new PEMParser(new FileReader(keyFile)); Object object = pemParser.readObject(); JcaPEMKeyConverter converter = new JcaPEMKeyConverter().setProvider("BC"); KeyPair key = converter.getKeyPair((PEMKeyPair) object); pemParser.close(); // CA certificate is used to authenticate server KeyStore caKs = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); caKs.load(null, null); caKs.setCertificateEntry("ca-certificate", caCert); TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance("X509"); tmf.init(caKs); // client key and certificates are sent to server so it can authenticate KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); ks.load(null, null); ks.setCertificateEntry("certificate", cert); ks.setKeyEntry("private-key", key.getPrivate(), password.toCharArray(), new java.security.cert.Certificate[]{cert}); KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(KeyManagerFactory .getDefaultAlgorithm()); kmf.init(ks, password.toCharArray()); // finally, create SSL socket factory SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLSv1.2"); context.init(kmf.getKeyManagers(), tmf.getTrustManagers(), null); return context.getSocketFactory(); } }
设置options
如下。
String broker = "ssl://broker.emqx.io:8883"; // Set socket factory String caFilePath = "/cacert.pem"; String clientCrtFilePath = "/client.pem"; String clientKeyFilePath = "/client.key"; SSLSocketFactory socketFactory = getSocketFactory(caFilePath, clientCrtFilePath, clientKeyFilePath, ""); options.setSocketFactory(socketFactory);
发布 MQTT 消息
创建一个PublishSample
将向主题发布Hello MQTT
消息的类mqtt/test
。
package io.emqx.mqtt; import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttClient; import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions; import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttException; import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttMessage; import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.persist.MemoryPersistence; public class PublishSample { public static void main(String[] args) { String broker = "tcp://broker.emqx.io:1883"; String topic = "mqtt/test"; String username = "emqx"; String password = "public"; String clientid = "publish_client"; String content = "Hello MQTT"; int qos = 0; try { MqttClient client = new MqttClient(broker, clientid, new MemoryPersistence()); MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions(); options.setUserName(username); options.setPassword(password.toCharArray()); options.setConnectionTimeout(60); options.setKeepAliveInterval(60); // connect client.connect(options); // create message and setup QoS MqttMessage message = new MqttMessage(content.getBytes()); message.setQos(qos); // publish message client.publish(topic, message); System.out.println("Message published"); System.out.println("topic: " + topic); System.out.println("message content: " + content); // disconnect client.disconnect(); // close client client.close(); } catch (MqttException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } }
订阅
创建一个SubscribeSample
将订阅主题的类mqtt/test
。
package io.emqx.mqtt; import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.*; import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.persist.MemoryPersistence; public class SubscribeSample { public static void main(String[] args) { String broker = "tcp://broker.emqx.io:1883"; String topic = "mqtt/test"; String username = "emqx"; String password = "public"; String clientid = "subscribe_client"; int qos = 0; try { MqttClient client = new MqttClient(broker, clientid, new MemoryPersistence()); // connect options MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions(); options.setUserName(username); options.setPassword(password.toCharArray()); options.setConnectionTimeout(60); options.setKeepAliveInterval(60); // setup callback client.setCallback(new MqttCallback() { public void connectionLost(Throwable cause) { System.out.println("connectionLost: " + cause.getMessage()); } public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage message) { System.out.println("topic: " + topic); System.out.println("Qos: " + message.getQos()); System.out.println("message content: " + new String(message.getPayload())); } public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken token) { System.out.println("deliveryComplete---------" + token.isComplete()); } }); client.connect(options); client.subscribe(topic, qos); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
Mqtt回调:
-
connectionLost(Throwable cause):当与服务器的连接丢失时调用此方法。
-
messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage message):当消息从服务器到达时调用此方法。
-
deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken token):当消息的传递已完成并且已收到所有确认时调用。
测试
接下来,运行SubscribeSample
订阅mqtt/test
主题。然后运行PublishSample
发布关于mqtt/test
主题的消息。我们会看到发布者成功发布了消息,订阅者收到了消息。
至此我们就完成了使用Paho Java Client作为MQTT客户端连接公共MQTT服务器,实现消息的发布和订阅。更多的内容来自于icode9技术文章分享网站。
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原创文章,作者:ItWorker,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/295093.html