Linux which/whereis/locate命令详解程序员

which 查看可执行文件的位置,从全局环境变量PATH里面查找对应的路径,默认是找 bash内所规范的目录

whereis 查看文件的位置,配合参数-b，用于程序名的搜索，从linux数据库查找。

locate 配合数据库查看文件位置。

find 实际搜寻硬盘查询文件名称,效率低。

which常用命令参数

--version, -[vV] Print version and exit successfully. 
--help,          Print this help and exit successfully. 
--skip-dot       Skip directories in PATH that start with a dot. 
--skip-tilde     Skip directories in PATH that start with a tilde. 
--show-dot       Don't expand a dot to current directory in output. 
--show-tilde     Output a tilde for HOME directory for non-root. 
--tty-only       Stop processing options on the right if not on tty. 
--all, -a        Print all matches in PATH, not just the first 
--read-alias, -i Read list of aliases from stdin. 
--skip-alias     Ignore option --read-alias; don't read stdin. 
--read-functions Read shell functions from stdin. 
--skip-functions Ignore option --read-functions; don't read stdin.

which常用的命令展示

which cp  ==> /bin/cp

whereis常用命令参数

# Usage:  whereis [ -sbmu ] [ -SBM dir … -f ] name…

whereis  -b  cp    ==>which cp  ==> /bin/cp

locate常用命令参数

Usage: locate [OPTION]... [PATTERN]... 
Search for entries in a mlocate database. 
 
  -b, --basename         match only the base name of path names 
  -c, --count            only print number of found entries 
  -d, --database DBPATH  use DBPATH instead of default database (which is 
                         /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db) 
  -e, --existing         only print entries for currently existing files 
  -L, --follow           follow trailing symbolic links when checking file 
                         existence (default) 
  -h, --help             print this help 
  -i, --ignore-case      ignore case distinctions when matching patterns 
  -l, --limit, -n LIMIT  limit output (or counting) to LIMIT entries 
  -m, --mmap             ignored, for backward compatibility 
  -P, --nofollow, -H     don't follow trailing symbolic links when checking file 
                         existence 
  -0, --null             separate entries with NUL on output 
  -S, --statistics       don't search for entries, print statistics about each 
                         used database 
  -q, --quiet            report no error messages about reading databases 
  -r, --regexp REGEXP    search for basic regexp REGEXP instead of patterns 
      --regex            patterns are extended regexps 
  -s, --stdio            ignored, for backward compatibility 
  -V, --version          print version information 
  -w, --wholename        match whole path name (default) 
 

locate常用的命令展示

locate cp   ==> which cp  ==> /bin/cp