分布式锁的三种实现方式详解数据库

一、zookeeper

1、实现原理:

基于zookeeper瞬时有序节点实现的分布式锁,其主要逻辑如下(该图来自于IBM网站)。大致思想即为:每个客户端对某个功能加锁时,在zookeeper上的与该功能对应的指定节点的目录下,生成一个唯一的瞬时有序节点。判断是否获取锁的方式很简单,只需要判断有序节点中序号最小的一个。当释放锁的时候,只需将这个瞬时节点删除即可。同时,其可以避免服务宕机导致的锁无法释放,而产生的死锁问题。

2、优点

锁安全性高,zk可持久化

3、缺点

性能开销比较高。因为其需要动态产生、销毁瞬时节点来实现锁功能。

4、实现

可以直接采用zookeeper第三方库curator即可方便地实现分布式锁。以下为基于curator实现的zk分布式锁核心代码:

@Override   
public boolean tryLock(LockInfo info) {   
    InterProcessMutex mutex = getMutex(info);   
    int tryTimes = info.getTryTimes();   
    long tryInterval = info.getTryInterval();   
    boolean flag = true;// 代表是否需要重试   
    while (flag && --tryTimes >= 0) {   
        try {   
            if (mutex.acquire(info.getWaitLockTime(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {   
                LOGGER.info(LogConstant.DST_LOCK + "acquire lock successfully!");   
                flag = false;   
                break;   
            }   
        } catch (Exception e) {   
            LOGGER.error(LogConstant.DST_LOCK + "acquire lock error!", e);   
        } finally {   
            checkAndRetry(flag, tryInterval, tryTimes);   
        }   
    }   
    return !flag;// 最后还需要重试,说明没拿到锁   
}
@Override   
public boolean releaseLock(LockInfo info) {   
    InterProcessMutex mutex = getMutex(info);   
    int tryTimes = info.getTryTimes();   
    long tryInterval = info.getTryInterval();   
    boolean flag = true;// 代表是否需要重试   
    while (flag && --tryTimes >= 0) {   
        try {   
            mutex.release();   
            LOGGER.info(LogConstant.DST_LOCK + "release lock successfully!");   
            flag = false;   
            break;   
        } catch (Exception e) {   
            LOGGER.error(LogConstant.DST_LOCK + "release lock error!", e);   
        } finally {   
            checkAndRetry(flag, tryInterval, tryTimes);   
        }   
    }   
    return !flag;// 最后还需要重试,说明没拿到锁   
}
/**  
 * 获取锁。此处需要加同步,concurrentHashmap无法避免此处的同步问题  
 * @param info 锁信息  
 * @return 锁实例  
 */   
private synchronized InterProcessMutex getMutex(LockInfo info) {   
    InterProcessReadWriteLock lock = null;   
    if (locksCache.get(info.getLock()) != null) {   
        lock = locksCache.get(info.getLock());   
    } else {   
        lock = new InterProcessReadWriteLock(client, BASE_DIR + info.getLock());   
        locksCache.put(info.getLock(), lock);   
    }   
    InterProcessMutex mutex = null;   
    switch (info.getIsolate()) {   
    case READ:   
        mutex = lock.readLock();   
        break;   
    case WRITE:   
        mutex = lock.writeLock();   
        break;   
    default:   
        throw new IllegalArgumentException();   
    }   
    return mutex;   
}
/**  
 * 判断是否需要重试  
 * @param flag 是否需要重试标志  
 * @param tryInterval 重试间隔  
 * @param tryTimes 重试次数  
 */   
private void checkAndRetry(boolean flag, long tryInterval, int tryTimes) {   
    try {   
        if (flag) {   
            Thread.sleep(tryInterval);   
            LOGGER.info(LogConstant.DST_LOCK + "retry getting lock! now retry time left: " + tryTimes);   
        }   
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {   
        LOGGER.error(LogConstant.DST_LOCK + "retry interval thread interruptted!", e);   
    }   
}  

二、memcached分布式锁

1、实现原理:

memcached带有add函数,利用add函数的特性即可实现分布式锁。add和set的区别在于:如果多线程并发set,则每个set都会成功,但最后存储的值以最后的set的线程为准。而add的话则相反,add会添加第一个到达的值,并返回true,后续的添加则都会返回false。利用该点即可很轻松地实现分布式锁。

2、优点

并发高效。

3、缺点

  • (1)memcached采用列入LRU置换策略,所以如果内存不够,可能导致缓存中的锁信息丢失。
  • (2)memcached无法持久化,一旦重启,将导致信息丢失。

三、redis分布式锁

redis分布式锁即可以结合zk分布式锁锁高度安全和memcached并发场景下效率很好的优点,可以利用jedis客户端实现。参考http://blog.csdn.net/java2000_wl/article/details/8740911

/**  
* @author http://blog.csdn.net/java2000_wl  
* @version <b>1.0.0</b>  
*/   
public class RedisBillLockHandler implements IBatchBillLockHandler {   
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RedisBillLockHandler.class);   
private static final int DEFAULT_SINGLE_EXPIRE_TIME = 3;   
private static final int DEFAULT_BATCH_EXPIRE_TIME = 6;   
private final JedisPool jedisPool;   
/**  
* 构造  
* @author http://blog.csdn.net/java2000_wl  
*/   
public RedisBillLockHandler(JedisPool jedisPool) {   
this.jedisPool = jedisPool;   
}   
/**  
* 获取锁  如果锁可用   立即返回true,  否则返回false  
* @author http://blog.csdn.net/java2000_wl  
* @param billIdentify  
* @return  
*/   
public boolean tryLock(IBillIdentify billIdentify) {   
return tryLock(billIdentify, 0L, null);   
}   
/**  
* 锁在给定的等待时间内空闲,则获取锁成功 返回true, 否则返回false  
* @author http://blog.csdn.net/java2000_wl  
* @param billIdentify  
* @param timeout  
* @param unit  
* @return  
*/   
public boolean tryLock(IBillIdentify billIdentify, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) {   
String key = (String) billIdentify.uniqueIdentify();   
Jedis jedis = null;   
try {   
jedis = getResource();   
long nano = System.nanoTime();   
do {   
LOGGER.debug("try lock key: " + key);   
Long i = jedis.setnx(key, key);   
if (i == 1) {    
jedis.expire(key, DEFAULT_SINGLE_EXPIRE_TIME);   
LOGGER.debug("get lock, key: " + key + " , expire in " + DEFAULT_SINGLE_EXPIRE_TIME + " seconds.");   
return Boolean.TRUE;   
} else { // 存在锁   
if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {   
String desc = jedis.get(key);   
LOGGER.debug("key: " + key + " locked by another business:" + desc);   
}   
}   
if (timeout == 0) {   
break;   
}   
Thread.sleep(300);   
} while ((System.nanoTime() - nano) < unit.toNanos(timeout));   
return Boolean.FALSE;   
} catch (JedisConnectionException je) {   
LOGGER.error(je.getMessage(), je);   
returnBrokenResource(jedis);   
} catch (Exception e) {   
LOGGER.error(e.getMessage(), e);   
} finally {   
returnResource(jedis);   
}   
return Boolean.FALSE;   
}   
/**  
* 如果锁空闲立即返回   获取失败 一直等待  
* @author http://blog.csdn.net/java2000_wl  
* @param billIdentify  
*/   
public void lock(IBillIdentify billIdentify) {   
String key = (String) billIdentify.uniqueIdentify();   
Jedis jedis = null;   
try {   
jedis = getResource();   
do {   
LOGGER.debug("lock key: " + key);   
Long i = jedis.setnx(key, key);   
if (i == 1) {    
jedis.expire(key, DEFAULT_SINGLE_EXPIRE_TIME);   
LOGGER.debug("get lock, key: " + key + " , expire in " + DEFAULT_SINGLE_EXPIRE_TIME + " seconds.");   
return;   
} else {   
if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {   
String desc = jedis.get(key);   
LOGGER.debug("key: " + key + " locked by another business:" + desc);   
}   
}   
Thread.sleep(300);    
} while (true);   
} catch (JedisConnectionException je) {   
LOGGER.error(je.getMessage(), je);   
returnBrokenResource(jedis);   
} catch (Exception e) {   
LOGGER.error(e.getMessage(), e);   
} finally {   
returnResource(jedis);   
}   
}   
/**  
* 释放锁  
* @author http://blog.csdn.net/java2000_wl  
* @param billIdentify  
*/   
public void unLock(IBillIdentify billIdentify) {   
List<IBillIdentify> list = new ArrayList<IBillIdentify>();   
list.add(billIdentify);   
unLock(list);   
}   
/**  
* 批量获取锁  如果全部获取   立即返回true, 部分获取失败 返回false  
* @author http://blog.csdn.net/java2000_wl  
* @date 2013-7-22 下午10:27:44  
* @param billIdentifyList  
* @return  
*/   
public boolean tryLock(List<IBillIdentify> billIdentifyList) {   
return tryLock(billIdentifyList, 0L, null);   
}   
/**  
* 锁在给定的等待时间内空闲,则获取锁成功 返回true, 否则返回false  
* @author http://blog.csdn.net/java2000_wl  
* @param billIdentifyList  
* @param timeout  
* @param unit  
* @return  
*/   
public boolean tryLock(List<IBillIdentify> billIdentifyList, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) {   
Jedis jedis = null;   
try {   
List<String> needLocking = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();     
List<String> locked = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();      
jedis = getResource();   
long nano = System.nanoTime();   
do {   
// 构建pipeline,批量提交   
Pipeline pipeline = jedis.pipelined();   
for (IBillIdentify identify : billIdentifyList) {   
String key = (String) identify.uniqueIdentify();   
needLocking.add(key);   
pipeline.setnx(key, key);   
}   
LOGGER.debug("try lock keys: " + needLocking);   
// 提交redis执行计数   
List<Object> results = pipeline.syncAndReturnAll();   
for (int i = 0; i < results.size(); ++i) {   
Long result = (Long) results.get(i);   
String key = needLocking.get(i);   
if (result == 1) {  // setnx成功,获得锁   
jedis.expire(key, DEFAULT_BATCH_EXPIRE_TIME);   
locked.add(key);   
}    
}   
needLocking.removeAll(locked);  // 已锁定资源去除   
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(needLocking)) {   
return true;   
} else {       
// 部分资源未能锁住   
LOGGER.debug("keys: " + needLocking + " locked by another business:");   
}   
if (timeout == 0) {    
break;   
}   
Thread.sleep(500);     
} while ((System.nanoTime() - nano) < unit.toNanos(timeout));   
// 得不到锁,释放锁定的部分对象,并返回失败   
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(locked)) {   
jedis.del(locked.toArray(new String[0]));   
}   
return false;   
} catch (JedisConnectionException je) {   
LOGGER.error(je.getMessage(), je);   
returnBrokenResource(jedis);   
} catch (Exception e) {   
LOGGER.error(e.getMessage(), e);   
} finally {   
returnResource(jedis);   
}   
return true;   
}   
/**  
* 批量释放锁  
* @author http://blog.csdn.net/java2000_wl  
* @param billIdentifyList  
*/   
public void unLock(List<IBillIdentify> billIdentifyList) {   
List<String> keys = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();   
for (IBillIdentify identify : billIdentifyList) {   
String key = (String) identify.uniqueIdentify();   
keys.add(key);   
}   
Jedis jedis = null;   
try {   
jedis = getResource();   
jedis.del(keys.toArray(new String[0]));   
LOGGER.debug("release lock, keys :" + keys);   
} catch (JedisConnectionException je) {   
LOGGER.error(je.getMessage(), je);   
returnBrokenResource(jedis);   
} catch (Exception e) {   
LOGGER.error(e.getMessage(), e);   
} finally {   
returnResource(jedis);   
}   
}   
/**  
* @author http://blog.csdn.net/java2000_wl  
* @date 2013-7-22 下午9:33:45  
* @return  
*/   
private Jedis getResource() {   
return jedisPool.getResource();   
}   
/**  
* 销毁连接  
* @author http://blog.csdn.net/java2000_wl  
* @param jedis  
*/   
private void returnBrokenResource(Jedis jedis) {   
if (jedis == null) {   
return;   
}   
try {   
//容错   
jedisPool.returnBrokenResource(jedis);   
} catch (Exception e) {   
LOGGER.error(e.getMessage(), e);   
}   
}   
/**  
* @author http://blog.csdn.net/java2000_wl  
* @param jedis  
*/   
private void returnResource(Jedis jedis) {   
if (jedis == null) {   
return;   
}   
try {   
jedisPool.returnResource(jedis);   
} catch (Exception e) {   
LOGGER.error(e.getMessage(), e);   
}  

原创文章,作者:Maggie-Hunter,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/4316.html

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