高级功能及配置
介绍HAProxy高级配置及实用案例
基于cookie的会话保持
cookie value:为当前server指定cookie值,实现基于cookie的会话黏性,相对于基于 source 地址 hash 调度算法对客户端的粒度更精准,但同时也加大了haproxy负载,目前此模式使用较少, 已经被session共享服务器代替
注意:不支持 tcp mode,使用 http mode
配置选项
cookie name [ rewrite | insert | prefix ][ indirect ] [ nocache ][ postonly ] [ preserve ][ httponly ] [ secure ][ domain ]* [ maxidle <idle> ][ maxlife ]
name: #cookie 的key名称,用于实现持久连接
insert: #插入新的cookie,默认不插入cookie
indirect: #如果客户端已经有cookie,则不会再发送cookie信息
nocache: #当client和hapoxy之间有缓存服务器(如:CDN)时,不允许中间缓存器缓存cookie,因为这会导致很多经过同一个CDN的请求都发送到同一台后端服务器
配置示例
listen web_port
bind 10.0.0.7:80
balance roundrobin
mode http #不支持 tcp mode
log global
cookie WEBSRV insert nocache indirect
server web1 10.0.0.17:80 check inter 3000 fall 2 rise 5 cookie web1
server web2 10.0.0.27:80 check inter 3000 fall 2 rise 5 cookie web2
验证cookie信息
浏览器验证:
通过命令行验证:
[root@centos6 ~]#curl -i 10.0.0.7
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
date: Thu, 02 Apr 2020 02:26:08 GMT
server: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
last-modified: Thu, 02 Apr 2020 01:44:28 GMT
etag: "a-5a244f0fd5175"
accept-ranges: bytes
content-length: 10
content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
set-cookie: WEBSRV=web2; path=/
cache-control: private
10.0.0.27
[root@centos6 ~]#curl -i 10.0.0.7
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
date: Thu, 02 Apr 2020 02:26:15 GMT
server: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
last-modified: Thu, 02 Apr 2020 01:44:13 GMT
etag: "a-5a244f01f8adc"
accept-ranges: bytes
content-length: 10
content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
set-cookie: WEBSRV=web1; path=/
cache-control: private
10.0.0.17
[root@centos6 ~]#curl -b WEBSRV=web1 10.0.0.7
10.0.0.17
[root@centos6 ~]#curl -b WEBSRV=web2 10.0.0.7
10.0.0.27
[root@centos6 ~]#curl -vb WEBSRV=web1 10.0.0.7
* About to connect() to 10.0.0.7 port 80 (#0)
* Trying 10.0.0.7... connected
* Connected to 10.0.0.7 (10.0.0.7) port 80 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.19.7 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.7 NSS/3.27.1 zlib/1.2.3 libidn/1.18 libssh2/1.4.2
> Host: 10.0.0.7
> Accept: */*
> Cookie: WEBSRV=web1
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< date: Thu, 02 Apr 2020 02:27:54 GMT
< server: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
< last-modified: Thu, 02 Apr 2020 01:44:13 GMT
< etag: "a-5a244f01f8adc"
< accept-ranges: bytes
< content-length: 10
< content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
<
10.0.0.17
* Connection #0 to host 10.0.0.7 left intact
* Closing connection #0
[root@centos6 ~]#curl -vb WEBSRV=web2 10.0.0.7
* About to connect() to 10.0.0.7 port 80 (#0)
* Trying 10.0.0.7... connected
* Connected to 10.0.0.7 (10.0.0.7) port 80 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.19.7 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.7 NSS/3.27.1 zlib/1.2.3 libidn/1.18 libssh2/1.4.2
> Host: 10.0.0.7
> Accept: */*
> Cookie: WEBSRV=web2
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< date: Thu, 02 Apr 2020 02:27:57 GMT
< server: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
< last-modified: Thu, 02 Apr 2020 01:44:28 GMT
< etag: "a-5a244f0fd5175"
< accept-ranges: bytes
< content-length: 10
< content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
<
10.0.0.27
* Connection #0 to host 10.0.0.7 left intact
* Closing connection #0
HAProxy状态页
通过web界面,显示当前HAProxy的运行状态
官方帮助:
http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/2.1/configuration.html#4-stats%20admin
状态页配置项
stats enable #基于默认的参数启用stats page
stats hide-version #将状态页中haproxy版本隐藏
stats refresh <delay> #设定自动刷新时间间隔,默认不自动刷新
stats uri <prefix> #自定义stats page uri,默认值:/haproxy?stats
stats realm <realm> #账户认证时的提示信息,示例:stats realm HAProxy/ Statistics
stats auth <user>:<passwd> #认证时的账号和密码,可使用多次,默认:no authentication,可有多行用户
stats admin { if | unless } <cond> #启用stats page中的管理功能
启用状态页
listen stats
bind :9999
stats enable
#stats hide-version
stats uri /haproxy-status
stats realm HAPorxy/ Stats/ Page
stats auth haadmin:123456 #两个用户
stats auth admin:123456
#stats refresh 30s
stats admin if TRUE #安全原因,不建议打开
登录状态页
pid = 27134 (process #1, nbproc = 1, nbthread = 1) #pid为当前pid号,process为当前进程号,nbproc和nbthread为一共多少进程和每个进程多少个线程
uptime = 0d 0h00m04s #启动了多长时间
system limits: memmax = unlimited; ulimit-n = 200029 #系统资源限制:内存/最大打开文件数/
maxsock = 200029; maxconn = 100000; maxpipes = 0 #最大socket连接数/单进程最大连接数/最大管道数maxpipes
current conns = 2; current pipes = 0/0; conn rate = 2/sec; bit rate = 0.000 kbps #当前连接数/当前管道数/当前连接速率
Running tasks: 1/14; idle = 100 % #运行的任务/当前空闲率
active UP: #在线服务器
backup UP: #标记为backup的服务器
active UP, going down: #监测未通过正在进入down过程
backup UP, going down: #备份服务器正在进入down过程
active DOWN, going up: #down的服务器正在进入up过程
backup DOWN, going up: #备份服务器正在进入up过程
active or backup DOWN: #在线的服务器或者是backup的服务器已经转换成了down状态
not checked: #标记为不监测的服务器
active or backup DOWN for maintenance (MAINT) #active或者backup服务器人为下线的
active or backup SOFT STOPPED for maintenance #active或者backup被人为软下线(人为将weight改成0)
backend server信息
session rate(每秒的连接会话信息): | Errors(错误统计信息): |
---|---|
cur:每秒的当前会话数量 | Req:错误请求量 |
max:每秒新的最大会话数量 | conn:错误链接量 |
limit:每秒新的会话限制量 | Resp:错误响应量 |
sessions(会话信息): | Warnings(警告统计信息): |
cur:当前会话量 | Retr:重新尝试次数 |
max:最大会话量 | Redis:再次发送次数 |
limit: 限制会话量 | |
Total:总共会话量 | Server(real server信息): |
LBTot:选中一台服务器所用的总时间 | Status:后端机的状态,包括UP和DOWN |
Last:和服务器的持续连接时间 | LastChk:持续检查后端服务器的时间 |
Wght:权重 | |
Bytes(流量统计): | Act:活动链接数量 |
In:网络的字节输入总量 | Bck:备份的服务器数量 |
Out:网络的字节输出总量 | Chk:心跳检测时间 |
Dwn:后端服务器连接后都是DOWN的数量 | |
Denied(拒绝统计信息): | Dwntme:总的downtime时间 |
Req:拒绝请求量 | Thrtle:server 状态 |
Resp:拒绝回复量 |
利用状态页实现haproxy服务器的健康性检查
范例:通过curl 命令对haproxy的状态页的访问实现健康检查
[root@centos8 ~]#curl -I http://haadmin:123456@10.0.0.100:9999/haproxy-status
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
cache-control: no-cache
content-type: text/html
[root@centos8 ~]#curl -I -u haadmin:123456 http://10.0.0.100:9999/haproxy-status
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
cache-control: no-cache
content-type: text/html
[root@centos8 ~]#echo ?
0
[root@haproxy ~]#systemctl stop haproxy
[root@centos8 ~]#curl -I http://haadmin:123456@10.0.0.100:9999/haproxy-status
curl: (7) Failed to connect to 10.0.0.100 port 9999: Connection refused
[root@centos8 ~]#echo?7
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