阿里云服务器挂载数据盘

[root@iZcmake-2.8.5]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c
Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvda1   *           1        2611    20970496   83  Linux
Disk /dev/xvdb: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 39162 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

可以看到里面有一个300GB的硬盘/dev/xvdb，但是没有其他信息，因为没有格式化。
OK，现在手动格式化这个硬盘。
fdisk /dev/xvdb
在 fdisk 程序里输入 n, 然后输入 p，在后面分区开头和结尾选择里直接回车格式化位一个分区；
然后输入 p 可看到分区信息，再输入 w 写入分区配置，然后开始显示格式化进度条，结束后就OK了。

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/xvdb: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 39162 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x976480a3
Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e   extended
p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-39162, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-39162, default 39162):
Using default value 39162
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/xvdb: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 39162 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x976480a3
Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvdb1               1       39162   314568733+  83  Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@iZcmake-2.8.5]# fdisk -l

挂载分区到目录：
[root@iZcmake-2.8.5]# mkdir -pv /data
mkdir: created directory `/data'
[root@iZcmake-2.8.5]# mount /dev/xvdb1 /data

如果这一步提示错误：
mount: you must specify the filesystem type
那是因为没有格式化分区导致的，重新格式化再mount就OK：
mkfs.ext3 /dev/xvdb1
mount /dev/xvdb1 /data
[root@iZcmake-2.8.5]#

将配置写入fstab：
vim /etc/fstab
末尾增加一行：
/dev/xvdb1  /data  ext3 defaults 1 1
然后保存退出即可。