Android Context.getSystemService() 与 ServiceManager 的理解和使用详解手机开发

背景

这几天在天天在写Context.getSystemService()获取系统服务,例如在获取窗口服务的时候都会这样写:

WindowManager manager = (WindowManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);

突然有人问我说,就是getSystemService() 每次获取的对应的WindowManager是否是同一个,还是每次生成新的?

直接翻看了下源码,事实上还是比较简单的,以下做一下记录:

分析

直接看一下Context源码:

// Context 
public abstract Object getSystemService(@ServiceName @NonNull String name); 

Context只是一个抽象类,具体看下实现类ContextWrapper

@Override 
public Object getSystemService(String name) {
    
    return mBase.getSystemService(name); 
} 

ContextWrapper使用了代理模式,mBase是Context的具体实现。

在Activity启动的时候,ActivityThread的performLaunchActivity中会创建ContextImpl,同时会调用了Activity的attach(),将Context设置给了activity

// ActivityThread 
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
    
        // 创建了ContextImpl 
        ContextImpl appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r); 
        Activity activity = null; 
        // 反射创建了activity 
        java.lang.ClassLoader cl = appContext.getClassLoader(); 
        activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity( 
                    cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent); 
        // 创建applicaiton 
        Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation); 
         
        appContext.setOuterContext(activity); 
        // 将appContext传入 
        activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token, 
                        r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent, 
                        r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config, 
                        r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback); 
        return activity; 
    } 

ContextImpl才是Context的真正实现。

// ContextImpl 
@Override 
public Object getSystemService(String name) {
    
    return SystemServiceRegistry.getSystemService(this, name); 
} 

SystemServiceRegistry是一个负责注册系统服务的类,内部有一个静态的HashMap,静态加载了各种系统服务在里面,其中就包括了window_service。

    // ContextImpl 
private static final HashMap<Class<?>, String> SYSTEM_SERVICE_NAMES = 
new HashMap<Class<?>, String>(); 
private static final HashMap<String, ServiceFetcher<?>> SYSTEM_SERVICE_FETCHERS = 
new HashMap<String, ServiceFetcher<?>>(); 
private static int sServiceCacheSize; 
static {
 
... 
registerService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE, WindowManager.class, 
new CachedServiceFetcher<WindowManager>() {
 
@Override 
public WindowManager createService(ContextImpl ctx) {
 
return new WindowManagerImpl(ctx); 
}}); 
... 
} 
static abstract class CachedServiceFetcher<T> implements ServiceFetcher<T> {
 
private final int mCacheIndex; 
public CachedServiceFetcher() {
 
mCacheIndex = sServiceCacheSize++; 
} 
@Override 
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") 
public final T getService(ContextImpl ctx) {
 
final Object[] cache = ctx.mServiceCache; 
synchronized (cache) {
 
// Fetch or create the service. 
Object service = cache[mCacheIndex]; 
if (service == null) {
 
try {
 
service = createService(ctx); 
cache[mCacheIndex] = service; 
} catch (ServiceNotFoundException e) {
 
onServiceNotFound(e); 
} 
} 
return (T)service; 
} 
} 
public abstract T createService(ContextImpl ctx) throws ServiceNotFoundException; 
} 

可见,我们获取的window_service对应的就是静态hashmap存储的WindowManagerImpl,也就是一个进程只会创建一个WindowManagerImpl。

ServiceManager

WindowManagerImpl比较特别,我们再来看一个:

registerService(Context.POWER_SERVICE, PowerManager.class, 
new CachedServiceFetcher<PowerManager>() {
 
@Override 
public PowerManager createService(ContextImpl ctx) throws ServiceNotFoundException {
 
IBinder b = ServiceManager.getServiceOrThrow(Context.POWER_SERVICE); 
IPowerManager service = IPowerManager.Stub.asInterface(b); 
return new PowerManager(ctx.getOuterContext(), 
service, ctx.mMainThread.getHandler()); 
}}); 

其中,从ServiceManager获取对应的服务的binder

 IBinder b = ServiceManager.getServiceOrThrow(Context.POWER_SERVICE); 

ServiceManager提供获取服务的接口

// ServiceManager 
public static IBinder getServiceOrThrow(String name) throws ServiceNotFoundException {
 
final IBinder binder = getService(name); 
if (binder != null) {
 
return binder; 
} else {
 
throw new ServiceNotFoundException(name); 
} 
} 
// 通过服务名字获取binder 
public static IBinder getService(String name) {
 
try {
 
IBinder service = sCache.get(name); 
if (service != null) {
 
return service; 
} else {
 
// 重点:获取对应服务的Binder 
return Binder.allowBlocking(getIServiceManager().getService(name)); 
} 
} catch (RemoteException e) {
 
Log.e(TAG, "error in getService", e); 
} 
return null; 
} 

上面的代码很简单,其中sCache是一个hashMap,缓存了已经加载过的服务的binder,避免二次获取。

private static IServiceManager sServiceManager; 
private static HashMap<String, IBinder> sCache = new HashMap<String, IBinder>(); 

最后我们的关注点就是:

  1. IServiceManager是对应什么?

  2. getIServiceManager().getService(name)如何获取到具体的服务的binder?


先看下IServiceManager接口的定义:

public interface IServiceManager extends IInterface 
{
 
public IBinder getService(String name) throws RemoteException; 
public IBinder checkService(String name) throws RemoteException; 
public void addService(String name, IBinder service, boolean allowIsolated) 
throws RemoteException; 
public String[] listServices() throws RemoteException; 
public void setPermissionController(IPermissionController controller) 
throws RemoteException;  
} 

IServiceManager接口提供了getServiceaddServicecheckServicelistService接口,对应的就是binder机制里面的ServiceManager,负责跟Binder打交道,注册binder、获取binder等服务。

再看下getIServiceManager(),他也是一个获取binder转化成对应的服务接口的方法

private static IServiceManager getIServiceManager() {
 
if (sServiceManager != null) {
 
return sServiceManager; 
} 
// Find the service manager 
sServiceManager = ServiceManagerNative 
.asInterface(Binder.allowBlocking(BinderInternal.getContextObject())); 
return sServiceManager; 
} 

ServiceManagerNative是一个类似AIDL为我们自动生成的类的方法,他对应了服务端和客户端的实现。在我们客户端的进程中,打交道的就是ServiceManagerProxy,他是一个BpBinder。

// ServiceManagerNative 
public abstract class ServiceManagerNative extends Binder implements IServiceManager 
{
 
static public IServiceManager asInterface(IBinder obj) 
{
 
... 
IServiceManager in = 
(IServiceManager)obj.queryLocalInterface(descriptor); 
... 
return new ServiceManagerProxy(obj); 
} 
public ServiceManagerNative() 
{
 
attachInterface(this, descriptor); 
} 
public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags) 
{
 
try {
 
switch (code) {
 
case IServiceManager.GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION: {
 
data.enforceInterface(IServiceManager.descriptor); 
String name = data.readString(); 
IBinder service = getService(name); 
reply.writeStrongBinder(service); 
return true; 
} 
... 
}  
return false; 
} 
public IBinder asBinder() 
{
 
return this; 
} 
} 
class ServiceManagerProxy implements IServiceManager {
 
public ServiceManagerProxy(IBinder remote) {
 
mRemote = remote; 
} 
public IBinder asBinder() {
 
return mRemote; 
} 
public IBinder getService(String name) throws RemoteException {
 
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(); 
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain(); 
data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager.descriptor); 
data.writeString(name); 
mRemote.transact(GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0); 
IBinder binder = reply.readStrongBinder(); 
reply.recycle(); 
data.recycle(); 
return binder; 
} 
.... 
} 

很明显,ServiceManagerNative就是对应了binder服务端BBinder的实现,类似aidl帮助自动生成的Stub类。ServiceManagerProxy则对应客户端BpBinder的实现,类似对应aidl帮助自动生成的Stub.Proxy代理类。

最后的问题,BinderInternal.getContextObject()获取的是什么服务的binder?

// BinderInternal 
/** 
* Return the global "context object" of the system.  This is usually 
* an implementation of IServiceManager, which you can use to find 
* other services. 
*/ 
public static final native IBinder getContextObject(); 

getContextObject是一个native方法,根据注释,它是整个系统的Context对象,一般情况下,IServiceManager通过它去获取其他服务。

总结

由上面总结的信息可以得到

ServiceManager作用

  1. 通过BinderInternal.getContextObject()可以得到ServiceManager的binder,获取得到ServiceManager服务接口,借用ServiceManager服务接口可以去注册、获取我们需要的系统服务。

  2. ServiceManager用于系统服务的注册添加和获取,在AMS都可以看到他的身影,通过它来注册系统服务:

     // ActivityManagerService.java 
    public void setSystemProcess() {
     
    try {
     
    ServiceManager.addService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE, this, true); 
    ServiceManager.addService(ProcessStats.SERVICE_NAME, mProcessStats); 
    ServiceManager.addService("meminfo", new MemBinder(this)); 
    ServiceManager.addService("gfxinfo", new GraphicsBinder(this)); 
    ServiceManager.addService("dbinfo", new DbBinder(this)); 
    if (MONITOR_CPU_USAGE) {
     
    ServiceManager.addService("cpuinfo", new CpuBinder(this)); 
    } 
    ServiceManager.addService("permission", new PermissionController(this)); 
    ServiceManager.addService("processinfo", new ProcessInfoService(this)); 
    ... 
    } 
    

Context.bindService() 跟ServiceManager获取对应的binder方式

Context.bindService() 跟ServiceManager获取对应的binder方式是不一样的

  1. A 进程 Context.bindService()会将ServiceConnection封装成可IPC调用的IServiceConnection;

  2. 同时调用了AMS的bindService,AMS分发给了ActiveServices执行真正的任务;

  3. ActiveServices做保存IServiceConnection工作,启动ActivityThread的handleBindService()去反射生成一个新的Service;

  4. ActivityThread调用了Service的onBind()获取到了Service的binder,调用AMS的publishService(),AMS又让ActiveServices执行工作;

  5. ActiveServices将这个binder通过IServiceConnection发给A进程。完成bindService工作,整个工作流程中,并没有去调用ServiceManager加载这个binder。

  6. 至于getContextObject()如何获取到ServiceManager的BpBinder,没有继续深究
    service_manager进程是由是由init进程,通过解析init.rc文件来启动的进程。
    根据底层0号可以获取到ServiceManager的binder

关于ServiceManager可以参考
云图网

除了bindService(),其他方式获取binder

  1. bindService通过ServiceConnection获取对应的binder
  2. 借助binder接口获取binder,比如说通过bindService获取binder A,而binder A提供获取binder B的接口
  3. 通过ServiceManager的addService,但ServiceManager是hide类,这种方式是SystemService注册的方式,适合系统应用的开发

PS:

同一个进程,getSystemService() 每次获取的对应的WindowManager是同一个。

发布文章的时候,系统提示说:该文章不是原创。

才发现原来这部分网上有好多文章分析过了,看来自己不能浅显的只学习这些简单的知识点,还得继续努力,往深度发展

原创文章,作者:奋斗,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/6258.html

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