spring MVC 入门程序详解编程语言

由上一篇文章的分析spring MVC主要有以下几个组成部分：dispatcherServlet、HandlerMapping、HandlerAdapter、Handler、ViewResolver、View。其中

DispatcherServlet：前端控制器，由springmvc提供

HandlerMappting：处理器映射器，由springmvc提供

HandlerAdapter：处理器适配器，由springmvc提供

Handler：处理器，需要程序员开发

ViewResolver：视图解析器，由springmvc提供

View：真正视图页面需要由程序编写

1.新建dynamic web工程，HelloSpringMVC

2.在lib目录下放入需要的jar包

3.前端控制器配置

前端控制器在web.xml中进行配置

<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<web-appxmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaeehttp://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> 
 <display-name>HelloSpringMVC</display-name> 
  
  <servlet> 
       <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> 
       <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> 
       <init-param> 
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 
                <param-value>classpath:SpringMVC-servlet.xml</param-value> 
       </init-param> 
       <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 
  </servlet> 
  <servlet-mapping> 
       <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> 
       <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> 
  </servlet-mapping> 
  
  <welcome-file-list> 
   <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> 
   <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> 
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> 
   <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> 
   <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> 
   <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> 
  </welcome-file-list> 
</web-app>

4.处理器映射器、处理器适配器、视图解析器配置

这些在springMVC-servlet中配置，在工程目录下新建config的源码文件夹，新建springMVC-servlet.xml文件

<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
  
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd 
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd 
             "> 
   
  
         <!-- 自动装配bean --> 
   <!-- 自动检测bean --> 
         <context:component-scan 
                   base-package="com.hellospringmvc" 
         ></context:component-scan> 
  
         <!-- 配置处理器映射器 --> 
         <!-- 根据bean的name进行查找Handler 将action的url配置在bean的name中 --> 
         <bean 
                   class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping"> 
                            <propertyname="mappings"> 
                                     <props> 
                                               <propkey="/helloController.action">helloController</prop> 
                                     </props> 
                            </property> 
                   </bean> 
         
         <!-- 配置处理器适配器 --> 
         <bean 
                   class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/> 
         
         <beanname="/helloController" id = "helloController" class ="com.hellospringmvc.HelloController"></bean> 
         <!-- 配置视图解析器 
                   要求将jstl的包加到classpath 
          --> 
   <beanclass="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> 
      <property name="prefix"value="/WEB-INF/" /> 
      <property name="suffix"value=".jsp" /> 
   </bean> 
  
</beans>

也可以用SimpleurlhandlerMapping作为处理器映射器，配置文件如下

<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd 
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd 
             "> 
   
  
         <!-- 自动装配bean --> 
   <!-- 自动检测bean --> 
         <context:component-scan 
                   base-package="com.hellospringmvc" 
         ></context:component-scan> 
  
         <bean id ="helloController" class ="com.hellospringmvc.HelloController"></bean> 
  
         <!-- 配置处理器映射器 --> 
         <!-- 根据bean的name进行查找Handler 将action的url配置在bean的name中 --> 
         <bean 
                   class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping"> 
                            <propertyname="mappings"> 
                                     <props> 
                                               <propkey="/helloController.action">helloController</prop> 
                                     </props> 
                            </property> 
                   </bean> 
         
         <!-- 配置处理器适配器 --> 
         <bean 
                   class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/> 
         
         
         <!-- 配置视图解析器 
                   要求将jstl的包加到classpath 
          --> 
   <beanclass="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> 
      <property name="prefix"value="/WEB-INF/" /> 
      <property name="suffix"value=".jsp" /> 
   </bean> 
  
</beans>

5.POJO编写

在src目录下新建com.hellospringmvc包，新建Item类

packagecom.hellospringmvc; 
  
importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component; 
  
public classItem { 
         private int id; 
         private String name; 
         private String detail; 
         public String getDetail() { 
                   return detail; 
         } 
         public void setDetail(String detail) { 
                   this.detail = detail; 
         } 
         private double price; 
         public int getId() { 
                   return id; 
         } 
         public void setId(int id) { 
                   this.id = id; 
         } 
         public String getName() { 
                   return name; 
         } 
         public void setName(String name) { 
                   this.name = name; 
         } 
         public double getPrice() { 
                   return price; 
         } 
         public void setPrice(double price) { 
                   this.price = price; 
         } 
}

6.Handler编写

com.hellospringmvc包下新建HelloController类

packagecom.hellospringmvc; 
  
importjava.util.ArrayList; 
importjava.util.List; 
  
importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 
importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 
  
importorg.springframework.ui.ModelMap; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 
importorg.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; 
importorg.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; 
importorg.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller; 
  
public classHelloController implements Controller{ 
  
         @Override 
         public ModelAndViewhandleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, 
                            HttpServletResponseresponse) throws Exception { 
                   
                   //商品列表 
                   List<Item> itemsList =new ArrayList<Item>(); 
                   
                   Item items_1 = new Item(); 
                   items_1.setName("联想笔记本"); 
                   items_1.setPrice(6000f); 
                   items_1.setDetail("ThinkPadT430 联想笔记本电脑！"); 
                   
                   Item items_2 = new Item(); 
                   items_2.setName("苹果手机"); 
                   items_2.setPrice(5000f); 
                   items_2.setDetail("iphone6苹果手机！"); 
                   
                   itemsList.add(items_1); 
                   itemsList.add(items_2); 
                   
                   //创建modelAndView准备填充数据、设置视图 
                   ModelAndView modelAndView =new ModelAndView(); 
                   
                   //填充数据 
                   modelAndView.addObject("itemsList",itemsList); 
                   //视图 
                   modelAndView.setViewName("helloController"); 
                   
                   return modelAndView; 
         } 
  
  
}

7.发布网站。访问http://localhost/HelloSpringMVC/helloController.action