HDFS 命令深入浅出详解大数据

HDFS 命令深入浅出~

Usage: hadoop fs [generic options]
[-appendToFile <localsrc> … <dst>]
[-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> …]
[-checksum <src> …]
[-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH…]
[-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]… | OCTALMODE> PATH…]
[-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH…]
[-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] [-l] <localsrc> … <dst>] #常用的命令，请熟记
[-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> … <localdst>]
[-count [-q] [-h] [-v] <path> …] #常用的命令，请熟记
[-cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] <src> … <dst>]   #常用的命令，请熟记
[-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]]
[-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>]
[-df [-h] [<path> …]]
[-du [-s] [-h] <path> …]
[-expunge]
[-find <path> … <expression> …]
[-get [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> … <localdst>]
[-getfacl [-R] <path>]
[-getfattr [-R] {-n name | -d} [-e en] <path>]
[-getmerge [-nl] <src> <localdst>]
[-help [cmd …]]
[-ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> …]]   #常用的命令，请熟记
[-mkdir [-p] <path> …]   #常用的命令，请熟记
[-moveFromLocal <localsrc> … <dst>]
[-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
[-mv <src> … <dst>]
[-put [-f] [-p] [-l] <localsrc> … <dst>] #常用的命令，请熟记
[-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>]
[-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] <src> …]   #常用的命令，请熟记
[-rmdir [–ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> …]
[-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[–set <acl_spec> <path>]]
[-setfattr {-n name [-v value] | -x name} <path>]
[-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> …]
[-stat [format] <path> …]
[-tail [-f] <file>]   #常用的命令，请熟记
[-test -[defsz] <path>]
[-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> …] #常用的命令，请熟记
[-touchz <path> …] #常用的命令，请熟记
[-usage [cmd …]]

练习使用上述命令

1.[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -ls / #列出文件或目录内容

2. hadoop dfs -ls -R / 递归列出目录内容

之前使用的命令是：也显示了使用ls -R代替lsr

3.查看目录使用情况

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -df /hbase

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -df / #查看根目录使用情况

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -du /

5.显示指定路径下的目录数以及文件数，输出格式：

目录数文件数大小文件名

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -count / #加上-q參數可查看文件索引

6.HDFS上創建文件

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -touchz /user/root/test001

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -ls /user/root #hadoop dfs -ls /

7. 將HDFS上面的文件移動到目的文件夾

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -mv /user/root/test001 /user/root/test

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -ls /user/root/test

17/01/28 07:53:56 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform… using builtin-java classes where applicable
Found 2 items
-rw-r–r– 3 root supergroup 19 2017-01-07 11:31 /user/root/test/demo1
-rw-r–r– 3 root supergroup 0 2017-01-28 07:49 /user/root/test/test001

8.將HDFS上面相應路徑的文件移動到回收站

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -rm /user/root/test/test001
DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.
Instead use the hdfs command for it.

17/01/28 08:02:07 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform… using builtin-java classes where applicable
17/01/28 08:02:08 INFO fs.TrashPolicyDefault: Namenode trash configuration: Deletion interval = 0 minutes, Emptier interval = 0 minutes.
Deleted /user/root/test/test001

備注1：hadoop dfs -rmr /user/root/test/test001 #删除相应目录以及目录下的文件，加上-skipTrash则直接删除

备注2：清除回收站-expunge

9.将本地centos文件上传至hdfs文件系统目录

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -put /usr/local/filecontent/wordsTest001 /user/root/

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -ls /

17/01/28 09:35:06 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform… using builtin-java classes where applicable
Found 5 items
-rw-r–r– 3 root supergroup 120064 2017-01-07 09:54 /234967-13112015163685.jpg
drwxr-xr-x – root supergroup 0 2017-01-28 06:58 /hbase
-rw-r–r– 3 root root 20 2017-01-07 10:14 /hello2
drwxrwxrwx – root supergroup 0 2017-01-06 21:37 /tmp
drwxr-xr-x – root supergroup 0 2017-01-07 15:05 /user
[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -ls /user/root

17/01/28 09:37:12 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform… using builtin-java classes where applicable
Found 4 items
drwxr-xr-x – root supergroup 0 2017-01-05 23:58 /user/root/input
drwxr-xr-x – root supergroup 0 2017-01-06 00:02 /user/root/output
drwxr-xr-x – root supergroup 0 2017-01-28 08:02 /user/root/test
-rw-r–r– 3 root supergroup 30 2017-01-28 09:34 /user/root/wordsTest001

10.put的另一种实现方法

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs-copyFromLocal /usr/local/filecontent/wordsTest001 /user/root/test

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -ls /user/root/test

11.本地文件系统移动到HDFS上

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -moveFromLocal /usr/local/filecontent/word /user/root/test

[[email protected] ~]#hadoop dfs -ls /user/root/test

查看本地文件系统发现文件已移走

12.下载Hdfs上面的文件到本地

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -get /user/root/test/word /usr/local/filecontent/

查看结果：

補充：此時文件已存在會提醒已存在

方式2：[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -copyToLocal /user/root/test/word /usr/local/filecontent/

方式3：[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -moveToLocal /user/root/test/word /usr/local/filecontent/

#可以加-crc，表示crc文件校驗

13.将HDFS源路径下的所有文件名排序合并成一个文件输出到本地目录

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -getmerge /user/root/test/ /usr/local/result

addnl是可供選擇的項。表示指定在每個文件結尾添加換行符

14.查看Hdfs上面文本的内容

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -cat /user/root/test/word

或者：[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -text /user/root/test/word

15.在HDFS上創建目錄和文件操作

創建目錄 [[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -mkdir /user/test001

創建文件操作[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -touchz /user/test001/wordp

16.檢查Hdfs上面文件路徑

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -test -e /user/test001/wordp

注：-e檢查文件是否存在 -z檢查文件是否為0字節 -d表示是目錄，返回1，否則0

17.顯示給定路徑的文件或目錄的統計信息，%b 文件大小%n文件名 %r複製因子 %y %Y修改日期

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -stat %b%n%o%r /user/test001/wordp

17/01/28 10:47:12 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform… using builtin-java classes where applicable
0wordp1342177283

18. 顯示Hdfs上路徑中的文件最後1字節内容

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -tail -f /user/root/test/word #-f選項的内容會隨著文件内容更新而更新

19.HDFS改變文件或目錄權限chmod

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -chmod -R 777 /user/root/test/word #-R表示递归

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -ls /user/root/test/word

17/01/28 12:22:53 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform… using builtin-java classes where applicable
-rwxrwxrwx 3 root supergroup 30 2017-01-28 09:56 /user/root/test/word

20.改变HDFS上面为path所属类别。-R表示递归操作

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -chown -R root /user/test
17/01/28 12:27:28 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform… using builtin-java classes where applicable

[[email protected] ~]# hadoop dfs -ls /user/test
17/01/28 12:27:38 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform… using builtin-java classes where applicable

Found 1 items
drwxr-xr-x – root supergroup 0 2017-01-07 15:02 /user/test/demo2