前言
任何系统即使做的再大,都会有可能出现各种各样的突发状况。尽管你可以说我在软件层面上已经做到所有情况的意外处理了,但是万一硬件出问题了或者说物理层面上出了问题,恐怕就不是多写几行代码能够立刻解决的吧,说了这么多,无非就是想强调HA,系统高可用性的重要性。在YARN中,NameNode的HA方式估计很多人都已经了解了,那本篇文章就来为大家梳理梳理RM资源管理器HA方面的知识,并不是指简单的RM的HA配置,确切的说是RM的应用状态存储于恢复。
RM应用状态存储使用
RM应用状态存储是什么意思呢,我们知道,RM全称ResourceManager,好比一个大管家,他不仅要与各个节点上的ApplicationMaster进行通信,还要与NodeManager进行心跳包的传输,自然在RM上会注册进来很多的应用,每个应用由1个ApplicationMaster负责掌管整个应用周期。既然RM角色这么重要,就有必要保存一下RM的信息状态,以免RM进程异常退出导致的应用状态信息丢失,RM重启无法重跑之前的应用的现象。
保存什么应用信息
既然目标已经明确了,那么在YARN中,保存的应用信息到底是哪些数据信息呢,应用状态信息只是1个笼统的概念。下面用一张图来表示。
可以看到,这是一张分层多叉树的形状,这个图类似于MapReduce作用运行的分层执行状态图,做个简单介绍,最上面就是1个RMState的状态,这个状态中包含若干个ApplicationState的应用状态信息,每个应用状态信息中包含了很多歌应用尝试信息状态。
应用状态信息如何保存
RM应用状态信息保存的方式又哪些呢:
1.MemoryRMStateStore–信息状态保存在内存中的实现类。
2.FileSystemRMStateStore–信息状态保存在HDFS文件系统中,这个是做了持久化了。
3.NullRMStateStore–do nothing,什么都不做,就是不保存应用状态信息。
4.ZKRMStateStore–信息状态保存在Zookeeper中。
由于我分析的源码中还没有ZKRMStateStore这个类,所以只针对前3种做一个简单的介绍。上面列举的几个类都是具体实现类,那么就一定存在更加上层级的类来定义更基本的变量和方法,答案是RMStateStore类,所以继承关系就是下面这张图所表示
下面蓝色箭头所表示的意思实现类的依托对象。具体什么意思,看接下来的源码分析。首先RMStateStore类对象
- /**
- * Base class to implement storage of ResourceManager state.
- * Takes care of asynchronous notifications and interfacing with YARN objects.
- * Real store implementations need to derive from it and implement blocking
- * store and load methods to actually store and load the state.
- * 保存RM资源状态信息的基类,也是一个服务对象类
- */
- public abstract class RMStateStore extends AbstractService {
- ….
- /**
- * State of an application attempt
- * 一次应用尝试状态信息类
- */
- public static class ApplicationAttemptState {
- //应用尝试ID
- final ApplicationAttemptId attemptId;
- //主容器
- final Container masterContainer;
- //凭证信息
- final Credentials appAttemptCredentials;
- ….
- }
- /**
- * State of an application application
- * 应用状态信息类
- */
- public static class ApplicationState {
- //应用提交上下文对象
- final ApplicationSubmissionContext context;
- //应用提交时间
- final long submitTime;
- //提交者
- final String user;
- //应用尝试信息对
- Map<ApplicationAttemptId, ApplicationAttemptState> attempts =
- new HashMap<ApplicationAttemptId, ApplicationAttemptState>();
- ….
- }
- public static class RMDTSecretManagerState {
- // DTIdentifier -> renewDate
- //RM身份标识符ID对时间的映射
- Map<RMDelegationTokenIdentifier, Long> delegationTokenState =
- new HashMap<RMDelegationTokenIdentifier, Long>();
- Set<DelegationKey> masterKeyState =
- new HashSet<DelegationKey>();
- int dtSequenceNumber = 0;
- ….
- }
- /**
- * State of the ResourceManager
- * RM状态信息类
- */
- public static class RMState {
- //RM中的应用状态对图
- Map<ApplicationId, ApplicationState> appState =
- new HashMap<ApplicationId, ApplicationState>();
- RMDTSecretManagerState rmSecretManagerState = new RMDTSecretManagerState();
- ….
- }
重点关注,在此类中定义的几个应用状态类,与上面第一张进行对比。下面看下在这个父类中定义的几个应用保存相关的方法:
- /**
- * Non-Blocking API
- * ResourceManager services use this to store the application’s state
- * This does not block the dispatcher threads
- * RMAppStoredEvent will be sent on completion to notify the RMApp
- * 保存应用状态方法,触发一次保存event事件,此方法为非阻塞方法
- */
- @SuppressWarnings(“unchecked”)
- public synchronized void storeApplication(RMApp app) {
- ApplicationSubmissionContext context = app
- .getApplicationSubmissionContext();
- assert context instanceof ApplicationSubmissionContextPBImpl;
- ApplicationState appState = new ApplicationState(
- app.getSubmitTime(), context, app.getUser());
- //触发一次应用信息保存事件,由中央调度器进行事件分发处理
- dispatcher.getEventHandler().handle(new RMStateStoreAppEvent(appState));
- }
- /**
- * Blocking API
- * Derived classes must implement this method to store the state of an
- * application.
- * 保存应用状态信息的阻塞方法,由子类具体实现
- */
- protected abstract void storeApplicationState(String appId,
- ApplicationStateDataPBImpl appStateData)
- throws Exception;
保存应用状态方法分为阻塞式的方法和非阻塞式的方法,非阻塞式的方法时通过事件驱动的方式实现,阻塞式的方法由具体子类去实现。移除应用的方法有小小的不同点
- /**
- * Non-blocking API
- * ResourceManager services call this to remove an application from the state
- * store
- * This does not block the dispatcher threads
- * There is no notification of completion for this operation.
- * There is no notification of completion for this operation.
- * RM中移除应用状态信息,主要是移除里面的应用尝试信息列表
- */
- public synchronized void removeApplication(RMApp app) {
- ApplicationState appState = new ApplicationState(
- app.getSubmitTime(), app.getApplicationSubmissionContext(),
- app.getUser());
- //取出此应用中的运行尝试信息状态
- for(RMAppAttempt appAttempt : app.getAppAttempts().values()) {
- Credentials credentials = getCredentialsFromAppAttempt(appAttempt);
- ApplicationAttemptState attemptState =
- new ApplicationAttemptState(appAttempt.getAppAttemptId(),
- appAttempt.getMasterContainer(), credentials);
- appState.attempts.put(attemptState.getAttemptId(), attemptState);
- }
- //进行移除操作
- removeApplication(appState);
- }
移除应用需要把目标应用内包含的所有应用尝试信息都取出,然后进行移除操作,removeApplication操作又会又如上面的2个方法分支
- /**
- * Non-Blocking API
- */
- public synchronized void removeApplication(ApplicationState appState) {
- dispatcher.getEventHandler().handle(new RMStateStoreRemoveAppEvent(appState));
- }
- /**
- * Blocking API
- * Derived classes must implement this method to remove the state of an
- * application and its attempts
- */
- protected abstract void removeApplicationState(ApplicationState appState)
- throws Exception;
在这个类中特别介绍一下,下面这个类是干嘛的
- public static class RMDTSecretManagerState {
- // DTIdentifier -> renewDate
- //RM身份标识符ID对时间的映射
- Map<RMDelegationTokenIdentifier, Long> delegationTokenState =
- new HashMap<RMDelegationTokenIdentifier, Long>();
- Set<DelegationKey> masterKeyState =
- new HashSet<DelegationKey>();
- int dtSequenceNumber = 0;
- ….
- }
里面保存了RM身份标识位到时间的映射,RMDelegationonTokenIdentifier标识位可以用来表明此RM是旧的RM还是新启动的RM,对于应用来说。下面说说3个具体实现类。
MemoryRMStateStore
内存保存实现类,RM的应用状态信息在RMStateStore已经被抽象成了RMState类,所以在MemoryRMStateStore类中,肯定会有对应的变量
- //内存RM状态信息保存类实现
- public class MemoryRMStateStore extends RMStateStore {
- RMState state = new RMState();
- @VisibleForTesting
- public RMState getState() {
- return state;
- }
- …
刚刚开始的时候,state是一个没有任何信息内容的实例对象。然后他定义了保存应用信息对象的方法
- @Override
- public void storeApplicationState(String appId,
- ApplicationStateDataPBImpl appStateData)
- throws Exception {
- //生成新的应用状态对象实例
- ApplicationState appState = new ApplicationState(
- appStateData.getSubmitTime(),
- appStateData.getApplicationSubmissionContext(), appStateData.getUser());
- if (state.appState.containsKey(appState.getAppId())) {
- Exception e = new IOException(“App: “ + appId + ” is already stored.”);
- LOG.info(“Error storing info for app: “ + appId, e);
- throw e;
- }
- //加入state对象中
- state.appState.put(appState.getAppId(), appState);
- }
保存应用尝试状态信息方法
- @Override
- public synchronized void storeApplicationAttemptState(String attemptIdStr,
- ApplicationAttemptStateDataPBImpl attemptStateData)
- throws Exception {
- ApplicationAttemptId attemptId = ConverterUtils
- .toApplicationAttemptId(attemptIdStr);
- …
- ApplicationAttemptState attemptState =
- new ApplicationAttemptState(attemptId,
- attemptStateData.getMasterContainer(), credentials);
- ApplicationState appState = state.getApplicationState().get(
- attemptState.getAttemptId().getApplicationId());
- if (appState == null) {
- throw new YarnRuntimeException(“Application doesn’t exist”);
- }
- if (appState.attempts.containsKey(attemptState.getAttemptId())) {
- Exception e = new IOException(“Attempt: “ +
- attemptState.getAttemptId() + ” is already stored.”);
- LOG.info(“Error storing info for attempt: “ +
- attemptState.getAttemptId(), e);
- throw e;
- }
- //加入appState的运行尝试信息状态列表中
- appState.attempts.put(attemptState.getAttemptId(), attemptState);
- }
应用状态信息保存完毕之后,如何从内存中进行加载呢,这个也是我们所关心的,;loadState()方法实现了这个需求
- //相当于返回一个内存中维护的RM状态拷贝对象
- @Override
- public synchronized RMState loadState() throws Exception {
- // return a copy of the state to allow for modification of the real state
- //新建一个RMState对象,拷贝内存中维护的RMstate对象
- RMState returnState = new RMState();
- //拷贝appState
- returnState.appState.putAll(state.appState);
- returnState.rmSecretManagerState.getMasterKeyState()
- .addAll(state.rmSecretManagerState.getMasterKeyState());
- returnState.rmSecretManagerState.getTokenState().putAll(
- state.rmSecretManagerState.getTokenState());
- returnState.rmSecretManagerState.dtSequenceNumber =
- state.rmSecretManagerState.dtSequenceNumber;
- return returnState;
- }
相当于MemoryStateStore对象的RMState深拷贝。
FileSystemRMStateStore
文件系统RM应用信息状态保存类,此类做的一个核心操作就是把应用状态信息持久化到HDFS中了。
- /**
- * A simple class for storing RM state in any storage that implements a basic
- * FileSystem interface. Does not use directories so that simple key-value
- * stores can be used. The retry policy for the real filesystem client must be
- * configured separately to enable retry of filesystem operations when needed.
- * RM状态信息文件系统保存类
- */
- public class FileSystemRMStateStore extends RMStateStore {
- public static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(FileSystemRMStateStore.class);
- private static final String ROOT_DIR_NAME = “FSRMStateRoot”;
- private static final String RM_DT_SECRET_MANAGER_ROOT = “RMDTSecretManagerRoot”;
- private static final String RM_APP_ROOT = “RMAppRoot”;
- private static final String DELEGATION_KEY_PREFIX = “DelegationKey_”;
- private static final String DELEGATION_TOKEN_PREFIX = “RMDelegationToken_”;
- private static final String DELEGATION_TOKEN_SEQUENCE_NUMBER_PREFIX =
- “RMDTSequenceNumber_”;
- //文件系统对象
- protected FileSystem fs;
- //RM保存的文件路径
- private Path rootDirPath;
- private Path rmDTSecretManagerRoot;
- private Path rmAppRoot;
- private Path dtSequenceNumberPath = null;
- @VisibleForTesting
- Path fsWorkingPath;
声明了多种路径,不同对象实例有不同的路径,然后还有1个总文件系统操作对象。下面看核心的保存应用方法
- @Override
- public synchronized void storeApplicationState(String appId,
- ApplicationStateDataPBImpl appStateDataPB) throws Exception {
- Path appDirPath = getAppDir(rmAppRoot, appId);
- fs.mkdirs(appDirPath);
- //获取待写入的目录路径
- Path nodeCreatePath = getNodePath(appDirPath, appId);
- LOG.info(“Storing info for app: “ + appId + ” at: “ + nodeCreatePath);
- //获取待写入的状态数据
- byte[] appStateData = appStateDataPB.getProto().toByteArray();
- try {
- // currently throw all exceptions. May need to respond differently for HA
- // based on whether we have lost the right to write to FS
- //进行状态信息的写入
- writeFile(nodeCreatePath, appStateData);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- LOG.info(“Error storing info for app: “ + appId, e);
- throw e;
- }
- }
对应的加载RM应用状态方法
- @Override
- public synchronized RMState loadState() throws Exception {
- //新建RM状态对象
- RMState rmState = new RMState();
- //调用方法,从文件中进行恢复
- // recover DelegationTokenSecretManager
- loadRMDTSecretManagerState(rmState);
- // recover RM applications
- loadRMAppState(rmState);
- return rmState;
- }
加载应用操作
- private void loadRMAppState(RMState rmState) throws Exception {
- try {
- List<ApplicationAttemptState> attempts =
- new ArrayList<ApplicationAttemptState>();
- for (FileStatus appDir : fs.listStatus(rmAppRoot)) {
- for (FileStatus childNodeStatus : fs.listStatus(appDir.getPath())) {
- assert childNodeStatus.isFile();
- String childNodeName = childNodeStatus.getPath().getName();
- //读取文件数据信息
- byte[] childData =
- readFile(childNodeStatus.getPath(), childNodeStatus.getLen());
- //如果是应用状态信息
- if (childNodeName.startsWith(ApplicationId.appIdStrPrefix)) {
- // application
- LOG.info(“Loading application from node: “ + childNodeName);
- ApplicationId appId = ConverterUtils.toApplicationId(childNodeName);
- ApplicationStateDataPBImpl appStateData =
- new ApplicationStateDataPBImpl(
- ApplicationStateDataProto.parseFrom(childData));
- ApplicationState appState =
- new ApplicationState(appStateData.getSubmitTime(),
- appStateData.getApplicationSubmissionContext(),
- appStateData.getUser());
- // assert child node name is same as actual applicationId
- assert appId.equals(appState.context.getApplicationId());
- rmState.appState.put(appId, appState);
- } else if (childNodeName
- .startsWith(ApplicationAttemptId.appAttemptIdStrPrefix)) {
- // attempt
- //如果是应用产生信息
- LOG.info(“Loading application attempt from node: “ + childNodeName);
- ApplicationAttemptId attemptId =
- ConverterUtils.toApplicationAttemptId(childNodeName);
- ApplicationAttemptStateDataPBImpl attemptStateData =
- new ApplicationAttemptStateDataPBImpl(
- ApplicationAttemptStateDataProto.parseFrom(childData));
- Credentials credentials = null;
- if (attemptStateData.getAppAttemptTokens() != null) {
- credentials = new Credentials();
- DataInputByteBuffer dibb = new DataInputByteBuffer();
- dibb.reset(attemptStateData.getAppAttemptTokens());
- credentials.readTokenStorageStream(dibb);
- }
- ApplicationAttemptState attemptState =
- new ApplicationAttemptState(attemptId,
- attemptStateData.getMasterContainer(), credentials);
- // assert child node name is same as application attempt id
- assert attemptId.equals(attemptState.getAttemptId());
- attempts.add(attemptState);
- } else {
- LOG.info(“Unknown child node with name: “ + childNodeName);
- }
- }
- }
NullRMStateStore
空方法实现类,就是不保存状态信息操作,方法很简单,继承了方法,但不实现代码逻辑
- //空RM信息状态保存类,不实现保存方法的任何操作
- @Unstable
- public class NullRMStateStore extends RMStateStore {
- ….
- //不实现加载状态方法
- @Override
- public RMState loadState() throws Exception {
- throw new UnsupportedOperationException(“Cannot load state from null store”);
- }
- //具体保存应用方法也不实现
- @Override
- protected void storeApplicationState(String appId,
- ApplicationStateDataPBImpl appStateData) throws Exception {
- // Do nothing
- }
- @Override
- protected void storeApplicationAttemptState(String attemptId,
- ApplicationAttemptStateDataPBImpl attemptStateData) throws Exception {
- // Do nothing
- }
- @Override
- protected void removeApplicationState(ApplicationState appState)
- throws Exception {
- // Do nothing
- }
- …..
- }
那么如何使用上面这些类呢,在yarn的配置属性中,通过参数yarn.resource-manager.store.class进行类对象配置,填入类名称即可。
全部代码的分析请点击链接https://github.com/linyiqun/hadoop-yarn,后续将会继续更新YARN其他方面的代码分析。
参考文献
《Hadoop技术内部–YARN架构设计与实现原理》.董西成
原创文章,作者:ItWorker,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/9178.html