Hadoop集群部署，就是以Cluster mode方式进行部署。本文是基于JDK1.7.0_79，hadoop2.7.5。
1.Hadoop的节点构成如下：
HDFS daemon： NameNode, SecondaryNameNode, DataNode
YARN damones： ResourceManager, NodeManager, WebAppProxy
MapReduce Job History Server
本次测试的分布式环境为：Master 1台 (test166)，Slave 1台(test167)
2.1 安装JDK及下载解压hadoop
JDK安装可参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/Dylansuns/p/6974272.html 或者简单安装：https://www.cnblogs.com/shihaiming/p/5809553.html
从官网下载Hadoop最新版2.7.5
[[email protected] ~]$ su - hadoop
[[email protected] ~]$ cd /usr/hadoop/ [[email protected] ~]$ wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.7.5/hadoop-2.7.5.tar.gz
将hadoop解压到/usr/hadoop/下
[[email protected] ~]$ tar zxvf /root/hadoop-2.7.5.tar.gz
结果：
[[email protected] ~]$ ll total 211852 drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 6 Jan 31 23:41 Desktop drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 6 Jan 31 23:41 Documents drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 6 Jan 31 23:41 Downloads drwxr-xr-x. 10 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 01:36 hadoop-2.7.5 -rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 216929574 Dec 16 12:03 hadoop-2.7.5.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 6 Jan 31 23:41 Music drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 6 Jan 31 23:41 Pictures drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 6 Jan 31 23:41 Public drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 6 Jan 31 23:41 Templates drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 6 Jan 31 23:41 Videos [[email protected]-master ~]$
2.2 在各节点上设置主机名及创建hadoop组和用户
所有节点（master,slave）
1 [[email protected] ~]# su - root 2 [[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/hosts 3 10.86.255.166 hadoop-master 4 10.86.255.167 slave1 5 注意：修改hosts中，是立即生效的，无需source或者. 。
先使用
建立hadoop用户组
新建用户，useradd -d /usr/hadoop -g hadoop -m hadoop （新建用户hadoop指定用户主目录/usr/hadoop 及所属组hadoop）
passwd hadoop 设置hadoop密码（这里设置密码为hadoop）
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd hadoop
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -d /usr/hadoop -g hadoop -m hadoop
[[email protected] ~]# passwd hadoop
2.3 在各节点上设置SSH无密码登录
最终达到目的：即在master:节点执行 ssh [email protected]，此处只需配置master访问slave1免密。
su – hadoop
进入~/.ssh目录
执行：ssh-keygen -t rsa，一路回车
生成两个文件，一个私钥，一个公钥，在master1中执行：cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys
[[email protected] ~]$ su - hadoop
[[email protected] ~]$ pwd /usr/hadoop [[email protected]-master ~]$ cd .ssh [[email protected]-master .ssh]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/usr/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /usr/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /usr/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 11:b2:23:8c:e7:32:1d:4c:2f:00:32:1a:15:43:bb:de hadoop@hadoop-master The key's randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ |=+*.. . . | |oo O . o . | |. o B + . | | = + . . | | + o S | | . + | | . E | | | | | +-----------------+ [[email protected]-master .ssh]$
[[email protected] .ssh]$ cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys
[[email protected] .ssh]$ ll
total 16
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1230 Jan 31 23:27 authorized_keys
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1675 Feb 23 19:07 id_rsa
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 402 Feb 23 19:07 id_rsa.pub
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 874 Feb 13 19:40 known_hosts
[[email protected] .ssh]$
2.3.1：本机无密钥登录
[[email protected] ~]$ pwd
/usr/hadoop
[[email protected] ~]$ chmod -R 700 .ssh
[[email protected] ~]$ cd .ssh
[[email protected] .ssh]$ chmod 600 authorized_keys
[[email protected] .ssh]$ ll
total 16
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1230 Jan 31 23:27 authorized_keys
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1679 Jan 31 23:26 id_rsa
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 410 Jan 31 23:26 id_rsa.pub
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 874 Feb 13 19:40 known_hosts
验证：
没有提示输入密码则表示本机无密钥登录成功，如果此步不成功，后续启动hdfs脚本会要求输入密码
[[email protected] ~]$ ssh hadoop@hadoop-master Last login: Fri Feb 23 18:54:59 2018 from hadoop-master [[email protected]-master ~]$
2.3.2：master与其他节点无密钥登录
( 若已有authorized_keys，则执行ssh-copy-id ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected] [email protected]ssh/authorized_key中
)
从master中把authorized_keys分发到各个结点上(会提示输入密码，输入slave1相应的密码即可)：
scp /usr/hadoop/.ssh/authorized_keys [email protected]:/home/master/.ssh
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
[email protected]'s password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: “ssh [email protected]‘” and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[[email protected] .ssh]$
然后在各个节点对authorized_keys执行(一定要执行该步，否则会报错)：chmod 600 authorized_keys
保证.ssh 700，.ssh/authorized_keys 600权限
测试如下（第一次ssh时会提示输入yes/no，输入yes即可）：
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ ssh [email protected] Last login: Fri Feb 23 18:40:10 2018 [hadoop@slave1 ~]$
[[email protected] ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to slave1 closed.
[[email protected] ~]$
2.4 设置Hadoop的环境变量
Master及slave1都需操作
[[email protected] ~]# su - root [[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/profile 末尾添加，保证任何路径下可执行hadoop命令 JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79 CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar PATH=/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
让设置生效
[[email protected] ~]# source /etc/profile 或者 [[email protected] ~]# . /etc/profile
Master设置hadoop环境
su - hadoop
1 # vi etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh 新增以下内容 2 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79 3 export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5
此时hadoop安装已完成，可执行hadoop命令，后续步骤为集群部署
[[email protected] ~]$ hadoop Usage: hadoop [--config confdir] [COMMAND | CLASSNAME] CLASSNAME run the class named CLASSNAME or where COMMAND is one of: fs run a generic filesystem user client version print the version jar <jar> run a jar file note: please use "yarn jar" to launch YARN applications, not this command. checknative [-a|-h] check native hadoop and compression libraries availability distcp <srcurl> <desturl> copy file or directories recursively archive -archiveName NAME -p <parent path> <src>* <dest> create a hadoop archive classpath prints the class path needed to get the credential interact with credential providers Hadoop jar and the required libraries daemonlog get/set the log level for each daemon trace view and modify Hadoop tracing settings Most commands print help when invoked w/o parameters. [[email protected]-master ~]$
2.5 Hadoop设定
2.5.0 开放端口50070
注：centos7版本对防火墙进行 加强,不再使用原来的iptables,启用firewall
Master节点:
su - root firewall-cmd --state 查看状态（若关闭，则先开启systemctl start firewalld） firewall-cmd --list-ports 查看已开放的端口 开启8000端口：firewall-cmd --zone=public(作用域) --add-port=8000/tcp(端口和访问类型) --permanent(永久生效) firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=50070/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8088/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=19888/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9000/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9001/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload -重启防火墙 firewall-cmd --list-ports 查看已开放的端口 systemctl stop firewalld.service停止防火墙 systemctl disable firewalld.service禁止防火墙开机启动 关闭端口：firewall-cmd --zone= public --remove-port=8000/tcp --permanent
Slave1节点：
su - root
systemctl stop firewalld.service停止防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld.service禁止防火墙开机启动
2.5.1 在Master节点的设定文件中指定Slave节点
[[email protected] hadoop]$ pwd /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/etc/hadoop [[email protected]-master hadoop]$ vi slaves slave1
2.5.2 在各节点指定HDFS文件存储的位置（默认是/tmp）
Master节点： namenode
创建目录并赋予权限
Su - root # mkdir -p /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/name # chmod -R 777 /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp # chown -R hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5
Slave节点：datanode
创建目录并赋予权限，改变所有者
Su - root # mkdir -p /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/data # chmod -R 777 /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp # chown -R hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5
2.5.3 在Master中设置配置文件(包括yarn)
su - hadoop
1 # vi etc/hadoop/core-site.xml 2 3 <configuration> 4 5 <property> 6 7 <name>fs.default.name</name> 8 9 <value>hdfs://hadoop-master:9000</value> 10 11 </property> 12 13 <property> 14 15 <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name> 16 17 <value>/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp</value> 18 19 </property> 20 21 </configuration>
1 # vi etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml 2 3 <configuration> 4 5 <property> 6 7 <name>dfs.replication</name> 8 9 <value>3</value> 10 11 </property> 12 13 <property> 14 15 <name>dfs.name.dir</name> 16 17 <value>/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/name</value> 18 19 </property> 20 21 <property> 22 23 <name>dfs.data.dir</name> 24 25 <value>/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/data</value> 26 27 </property> 28 29 30 31 </configuration>
1 #cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml 2 3 # vi etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml 4 5 <configuration> 6 7 <property> 8 9 <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name> 10 11 <value>yarn</value> 12 13 </property> 14 15 </configuration>
YARN设定
yarn的组成（Master节点： resourcemanager ，Slave节点： nodemanager）
以下仅在master操作,后面步骤会统一分发至salve1。
1 # vi etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml 2 3 <configuration> 4 5 <property> 6 7 <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name> 8 9 <value>hadoop-master</value> 10 11 </property> 12 13 <property> 14 15 <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name> 16 17 <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value> 18 19 </property> 20 21 </configuration>
2.5.4将Master的文件分发至slave1节点。
cd /usr/hadoop scp -r hadoop-2.7.5 [email protected]:/usr/hadoop
2.5.5 Master上启动job history server，Slave节点上指定
此步2.5.5可跳过
Mater:
启动jobhistory daemon
# sbin/mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver
确认
# jps
访问Job History Server的web页面
http://localhost:19888/
Slave节点：
1 # vi etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml 2 3 <property> 4 5 <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name> 6 7 <value>hadoop-master:10020</value> 8 9 </property>
2.5.6 格式化HDFS（Master）
# hadoop namenode -format
Master结果：
2.5.7 在Master上启动daemon，Slave上的服务会一起启动
启动:
[[email protected] hadoop-2.7.5]$ pwd /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5[[email protected]-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ sbin/start-all.sh This script is Deprecated. Instead use start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh Starting namenodes on [hadoop-master] hadoop-master: starting namenode, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-hadoop-master.out slave1: starting datanode, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave1.out Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0] 0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-hadoop-master.out starting yarn daemons starting resourcemanager, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-resourcemanager-hadoop-master.out slave1: starting nodemanager, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-slave1.out [[email protected]-master hadoop-2.7.5]$
确认
Master节点：
[[email protected] hadoop-2.7.5]$ jps 81209 NameNode 81516 SecondaryNameNode 82052 Jps 81744 ResourceManager
Slave节点：
[[email protected] ~]$ jps 58913 NodeManager 59358 Jps 58707 DataNode
停止（需要的时候再停止，后续步骤需running状态）:
[[email protected] hadoop-2.7.5]$ sbin/stop-all.sh This script is Deprecated. Instead use stop-dfs.sh and stop-yarn.sh Stopping namenodes on [hadoop-master] hadoop-master: stopping namenode slave1: stopping datanode Stopping secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0] 0.0.0.0: stopping secondarynamenode stopping yarn daemons stopping resourcemanager slave1: stopping nodemanager no proxyserver to stop
2.5.8 创建HDFS
# hdfs dfs -mkdir /user # hdfs dfs -mkdir /user/test22
2.5.9 拷贝input文件到HDFS目录下
# hdfs dfs -put etc/hadoop/*.sh /user/test22/input
查看
# hdfs dfs -ls /user/test22/input
2.5.10 执行hadoop job
统计单词的例子，此时的output是hdfs中的目录，hdfs dfs -ls可查看
# hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.5.jar wordcount /user/test22/input output
确认执行结果
# hdfs dfs -cat output/*
2.5.11 查看错误日志
注：日志在salve1的*.log中而不是在master或*.out中
2.6 Q&A
1. hdfs dfs -put 报错如下，解决关闭master&salve防火墙
hdfs.DFSClient: Exception in createBlockOutputStream
java.net.NoRouteToHostException: No route to host
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