Netstat 命令用于显示各种网络相关信息,如网络连接,路由表,接口状态 (Interface Statistics),masquerade 连接,多播成员 (Multicast Memberships) 等等,可让你得知整个Linux系统的网络情况。
命令含义
执行netstat后,其输出结果为:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 CTU100009495:scp-config 10.156.17.212:50097 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 localhost:53020 localhost:mysql ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 localhost:53022 localhost:mysql ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 CTU1000094955:ssh 10.148.76.171:49280 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 localhost:53021 localhost:mysql ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 localhost:53019 localhost:mysql ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 52 CTU1000094955:ssh 10.45.73.8:51296 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 CTU1000094955:ssh 10.45.73.8:60806 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 localhost:mysql localhost:53022 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 localhost:mysql localhost:53019 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 localhost:mysql localhost:53021 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 localhost:mysql localhost:53020 ESTABLISHED
Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 13865 /run/systemd/shutdownd
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 10457 /run/systemd/notify
unix 5 [ ] DGRAM 10474 /run/systemd/journal/socket
从整体上看,netstat的输出结果可以分为两个部分:
一个是Active Internet connections,称为有源TCP连接,其中”Recv-Q”和”Send-Q”指%0A的是接收队列和发送队列。这些数字一般都应该是0。如果不是则表示软件包正在队列中堆积。这种情况只能在非常少的情况见到。
另一个是Active UNIX domain sockets,称为有源Unix域套接口(和网络套接字一样,但是只能用于本机通信,性能可以提高一倍)。
Proto显示连接使用的协议,RefCnt表示连接到本套接口上的进程号,Types显示套接口的类型,State显示套接口当前的状态,Path表示连接到套接口的其它进程使用的路径名。
语法
netstat(选项)
选项详解
-a或–all:显示所有连线中的Socket;
-A<网络类型>或–<网络类型>:列出该网络类型连线中的相关地址;
-c或–continuous:持续列出网络状态;
-C或–cache:显示路由器配置的快取信息;
-e或–extend:显示网络其他相关信息;
-F或–fib:显示FIB;
-g或–groups:显示多重广播功能群组组员名单;
-h或–help:在线帮助;
-i或–interfaces:显示网络界面信息表单;
-l或–listening:显示监控中的服务器的Socket;
-M或–masquerade:显示伪装的网络连线;
-n或–numeric:直接使用ip地址,而不通过域名服务器;
-N或–netlink或–symbolic:显示网络硬件外围设备的符号连接名称;
-o或–timers:显示计时器;
-p或–programs:显示正在使用Socket的程序识别码和程序名称;
-r或–route:显示Routing Table;
-s或–statistice:显示网络工作信息统计表;
-t或–tcp:显示TCP传输协议的连线状况;
-u或–udp:显示UDP传输协议的连线状况;
-v或–verbose:显示指令执行过程;
-V或–version:显示版本信息;
-w或–raw:显示RAW传输协议的连线状况;
-x或–unix:此参数的效果和指定”-A unix”参数相同;
–ip或–inet:此参数的效果和指定”-A inet”参数相同。
实用命令实例
1. 列出所有端口 (包括监听和未监听的)
列出所有端口 netstat -a
# netstat -a | more
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 localhost:30037 *:* LISTEN
udp 0 0 *:bootpc *:*
Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6135 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5140 /var/run/acpid.socket
列出所有 tcp 端口 netstat -at
# netstat -at
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 localhost:30037 *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
列出所有 udp 端口 netstat -au
# netstat -au
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
udp 0 0 *:bootpc *:*
udp 0 0 *:49119 *:*
udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*
2. 列出所有处于监听状态的 Sockets
只显示监听端口 netstat -l
# netstat -l
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
udp 0 0 *:49119 *:*
只列出所有监听 tcp 端口 netstat -lt
# netstat -lt
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 localhost:30037 *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
只列出所有监听 udp 端口 netstat -lu
# netstat -lu
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
udp 0 0 *:49119 *:*
udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*
只列出所有监听 UNIX 端口 netstat -lx
# netstat -lx
Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6294 private/maildrop
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6203 public/cleanup
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6302 private/ifmail
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6306 private/bsmtp
3. 显示每个协议的统计信息
显示所有端口的统计信息 netstat -s
# netstat -s
Ip:
11150 total packets received
1 with invalid addresses
0 forwarded
0 incoming packets discarded
11149 incoming packets delivered
11635 requests sent out
Icmp:
0 ICMP messages received
0 input ICMP message failed.
Tcp:
582 active connections openings
2 failed connection attempts
25 connection resets received
Udp:
1183 packets received
4 packets to unknown port received.
.....
显示 TCP 或 UDP 端口的统计信息 netstat -st 或 -su
# netstat -st
# netstat -su
4. 在 netstat 输出中显示 PID 和进程名称 netstat -p
netstat -p 可以与其它开关一起使用,就可以添加 “PID/进程名称” 到 netstat 输出中,这样 debugging 的时候可以很方便的发现特定端口运行的程序。
# netstat -pt
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 1 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:47212 192.168.185.75:www CLOSE_WAIT 2109/firefox
tcp 0 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:52750 lax:www ESTABLISHED 2109/firefox
5. 在 netstat 输出中不显示主机,端口和用户名 (host, port or user)
当你不想让主机,端口和用户名显示,使用 netstat -n。将会使用数字代替那些名称。同样可以加速输出,因为不用进行比对查询。
# netstat -an
如果只是不想让这三个名称中的一个被显示,使用以下命令
# netsat -a --numeric-ports
# netsat -a --numeric-hosts
# netsat -a --numeric-users
6. 持续输出 netstat 信息
netstat 将每隔一秒输出网络信息。
# netstat -c
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:36130 101-101-181-225.ama:www ESTABLISHED
tcp 1 1 ramesh-laptop.loc:52564 101.11.169.230:www CLOSING
tcp 0 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:43758 server-101-101-43-2:www ESTABLISHED
tcp 1 1 ramesh-laptop.loc:42367 101.101.34.101:www CLOSING
7. 显示系统不支持的地址族 (Address Families)
netstat --verbose
在输出的末尾,会有如下的信息
netstat: no support for `AF IPX' on this system.
netstat: no support for `AF AX25' on this system.
netstat: no support for `AF X25' on this system.
netstat: no support for `AF NETROM' on this system.
8. 显示核心路由信息 netstat -r
# netstat -r
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2
link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth2
default 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2
注意: 使用 netstat -rn 显示数字格式,不查询主机名称。
9. 找出程序运行的端口
并不是所有的进程都能找到,没有权限的会不显示,使用 root 权限查看所有的信息。
# netstat -ap | grep ssh
tcp 1 0 dev-db:ssh 101.174.100.22:39213 CLOSE_WAIT -
tcp 1 0 dev-db:ssh 101.174.100.22:57643 CLOSE_WAIT -
找出运行在指定端口的进程
# netstat -an | grep ':80'
10. 显示网络接口列表
# netstat -i
Kernel Interface table
Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
eth0 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BMU
eth2 1500 0 26196 0 0 0 26883 6 0 0 BMRU
lo 16436 0 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 LRU
显示详细信息,像是 ifconfig 使用 netstat -ie:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -ie Kernel Interface table eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 10.183.118.121 netmask 255.255.254.0 broadcast 10.183.119.255 ether 28:6e:d4:89:41:ad txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 45259779 bytes 4611573744 (4.2 GiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 523101 bytes 189984046 (181.1 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback) RX packets 51439 bytes 14255642 (13.5 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 51439 bytes 14255642 (13.5 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255 ether 52:54:00:59:a6:f9 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
11. IP和TCP分析
查看连接某服务端口最多的的IP地址
[email protected]:~$ netstat -nat | grep "192.168.1.15:22" |awk '{print $5}'|awk -F: '{print $1}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -20 18 221.136.168.36 3 154.74.45.242 2 78.173.31.236 2 62.183.207.98 2 192.168.1.14 2 182.48.111.215 2 124.193.219.34 2 119.145.41.2 2 114.255.41.30 1 75.102.11.99
TCP各种状态列表
[email protected]:~$ netstat -nat |awk '{print $6}' established) Foreign LISTEN TIME_WAIT ESTABLISHED TIME_WAIT SYN_SENT
先把状态全都取出来,然后使用uniq -c统计,之后再进行排序。
[email protected]:~$ netstat -nat |awk '{print $6}'|sort|uniq -c 143 ESTABLISHED 1 FIN_WAIT1 1 Foreign 1 LAST_ACK 36 LISTEN 6 SYN_SENT 113 TIME_WAIT 1 established)
netstat -nat |awk '{print $6}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn
awk '{print $1}' access.log |sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -10
原创文章,作者:ItWorker,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/tech/aiops/1183.html