交互式转化批处理工具 expect
expect 是由Don Libes基于Tcl( Tool Command Language )语言开发的,主要应用于自动化交互式操作的场景,借助 expect 处理交互的命令,可以将交互过程如:ssh登录,ftp登录等写在一个脚本上,使之自动化完成。尤其适用于需要对多台服务器执行相同操作的环境中,可以大大提高系统管理人员的工作效率
expect 语法:
expect [选项] [ -c cmds ] [ [ -[f|b] ] cmdfile ] [ args ]
常见选项:
-c:从命令行执行expect脚本,默认expect是交互地执行的
-d:可以输出输出调试信息
示例:
expect -c 'expect "/n" {send "pressed enter/n"}'
expect -d ssh.exp
expect中相关命令
- spawn 启动新的进程
- expect 从进程接收字符串
- send 用于向进程发送字符串
- interact 允许用户交互
- exp_continue 匹配多个字符串在执行动作后加此命令
expect最常用的语法(tcl语言:模式-动作)
单一分支模式语法:
[root@centos8 test]#expect expect1.1> expect "hi" {send "You said hi/n"} hahahixixi You said hi
匹配到hi后,会输出“you said hi”,并换行
多分支模式语法:
[root@centos8 test]#expect expect1.1> expect "hi" { send "You said hi/n" } "hehe" { send "Hehe yourself/n" } "bye" { send "Good bye/n" } hehe Hehe yourself expect1.2> expect "hi" { send "You said hi/n" } "hehe" { send "Hehe yourself/n" } "bye" { send "Good bye/n" } bye Good bye expect1.3> expect "hi" { send "You said hi/n" } "hehe" { send "Hehe yourself/n" } "bye" { send "Good bye/n" } hi You said hi expect1.4>
匹配hi,hello,bye任意字符串时,执行相应输出。等同如下:
expect { "hi" { send "You said hi/n"} "hehe" { send "Hehe yourself/n"} "bye" { send " Good bye/n"} }
范例1:
#!/usr/bin/expect spawn scp /etc/fstab 10.0.0.7:/data expect { "yes/no" { send "yes/n";exp_continue } "password" { send "magedu/n" } } expect eof
范例2:
#!/usr/bin/expect spawn ssh 10.0.0.7 expect { "yes/no" { send "yes/n";exp_continue } "password" { send "magedu/n" } } interact
范例3:expect 变量
#!/usr/bin/expect
set ip 10.0.0.7
set user root
set password magedu
set timeout 10
spawn ssh user@ip
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes/n";exp_continue }
"password" { send "$password/n" }
}
interact
范例4:expect 位置参数
#!/usr/bin/expect set ip [lindex argv 0] set user [lindexargv 1] set password [lindex argv 2] spawn sshuser@ip expect { "yes/no" { send "yes/n";exp_continue } "password" { send "password/n" } } interact #./ssh3.exp 192.168.8.10 root magedu
范例5:expect 执行多个命令
#!/usr/bin/expect set ip [lindex argv 0] set user [lindexargv 1] set password [lindex argv 2] set timeout 10 spawn sshuser@ip expect { "yes/no" { send "yes/n";exp_continue } "password" { send "password/n" } } expect "]#" { send "useradd haha/n" } expect "]#" { send "echo magedu |passwd --stdin haha/n" } send "exit/n" expect eof #./ssh4.exp 10.0.0.7 root magedu
范例6:shell脚本调用expect
#!/bin/bash ip=1 user=2 password=3 expect <<EOF set timeout 20 spawn sshuser@ip expect { "yes/no" { send "yes/n";exp_continue } "password" { send "password/n" } } expect "]#" { send "useradd hehe/n" } expect "]#" { send "echo magedu |passwd --stdin hehe/n" } expect "]#" { send "exit/n" } expect eof EOF #./ssh5.sh 192.168.8.10 root magedu
范例7: shell脚本利用循环调用expect在CentOS和Ubuntu上批量创建用户
#!/bin/bash # #******************************************************************** #Author: wangxiaochun #QQ: 29308620 #Date: 2020-01-06 #FileName: expect6.sh #URL: http://www.magedu.com #Description: The test script #Copyright (C): 2020 All rights reserved #******************************************************************** NET=10.0.0 user=root password=magedu for ID in 6 7 111;do ip=NET.ID expect <<EOF set timeout 20 spawn ssh user@ip expect { "yes/no" { send "yes/n";exp_continue } "password" { send "$password/n" } } expect "#" { send "useradd test/n" } expect "#" { send "exit/n" } expect eof EOF done
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