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早上刚上班,同事告诉我数据库连不上了,提示“ORA-12516”错误,我尝试通过PL/SQL Developer远程连接数据库,果然,报错了“ORA-12516:
TNS: 监听程序无法找到匹配协议栈的可用句柄”;接着我通过远程桌面登录服务器,尝试用sys用户登录数据库,报了同样的错误。奇怪,昨天下班时还好好的。
我上网查了一下,这个报错一般是由于数据库的当前会话数不足造成的,相关的参数有两个:processes和sessions。我想查一下数据库这两个参数,但是sys用户无法登陆,真是着急。后来在朋友的建议下,采取以下步骤,顺利解决了这个问题。
a.关闭listener,禁止新的连接;
b.杀掉local=no的部分或者全部进程(根据业务的重要性),杀掉几个,保证sys用户能登陆;
c.登进去看看哪个业务出问题了,杀掉出问题的用户进程;
d.检查数据库;
e.启动listener;
介绍一下我的操作环境:
操作系统:Windows Server 2008 R2
数据库:Oracle 10g
首先,通过lsnrctl stop关闭监听器,禁止新的连接,以确保第二步能够执行成功;
第二,关闭了两个连接数据库的应用程序,然后尝试用sys用户登录数据库,登录成功;
第三,查看了processes和sessions两个初始化参数值,分别为150、170,均为默认值;
点击(此处)折叠或打开
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SQL>
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SQL> show parameter processes
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NAME TYPE VALUE
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———————————— ———– ——————————
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aq_tm_processes integer 0
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db_writer_processes integer 3
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gcs_server_processes integer 0
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job_queue_processes integer 10
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log_archive_max_processes integer 2
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processes integer 150
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SQL> show parameter sessions
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NAME TYPE VALUE
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———————————— ———– ——————————
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java_max_sessionspace_size integer 0
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java_soft_sessionspace_limit integer 0
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license_max_sessions integer 0
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license_sessions_warning integer 0
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logmnr_max_persistent_sessions integer 1
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sessions integer 170
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shared_server_sessions integer
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SQL>
第四,通过select sid,serial#,program,terminal from v$session;查看当前所有会话信息,从当时的结果可以看到,有一百多条记录,已经超过了数据库的session上限;而且,除了Oracle自身的十几个会话外,其余一百多个会话都是同一个terminal。由此,找出了故障点所在(这台设备是昨晚刚刚安装的一台终端)。
第五,关闭故障设备上的应用程序,再次通过select sid,serial#,program,terminal from v$session;查看当前所有会话信息,查询结果显示只剩下二十多条会话信息,考虑到Oracle自身的十几个会话外和同时启动的几个应用程序,应该是正常的;
第六,启动listener,尝试通过其他客户端连接数据库,一切正常,到此故障解决;
接下来,我想看一下究竟是什么原因导致了这次故障,继续;
第七,查看报警日志,在日志中看到了大量的Process
m000 died报警;
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Wed Apr 29 21:27:31 2015
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ksvcreate: Process(m000) creation failed
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Wed Apr 29 21:28:32 2015
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Process m000 died, see its trace file
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Wed Apr 29 21:28:32 2015
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ksvcreate: Process(m000) creation failed
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Wed Apr 29 21:29:33 2015
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Process m000 died, see its trace file
第八,找到对应时间的trace文件,看到了“ORA-00020: maximum number of processes 150
exceeded Died
during process startup with error 20 (seq=5413)”语句,原来是连接数超过了阀值,数据库无法再建立新的连接,所以报错。
点击(此处)折叠或打开
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Dump file c://oracle//product//10.2.0//admin//hoegh//bdump//hoegh_ora_8032.trc
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Wed Apr 29 21:28:31 2015
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ORACLE V10.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production vsnsta=0
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vsnsql=14 vsnxtr=3
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Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
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With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
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Windows NT Version V6.1 Service Pack 1
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CPU : 24 – type 8664, 12 Physical Cores
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Process Affinity : 0x0000000000000000
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Memory (Avail/Total): Ph:3339M/8181M, Ph+PgF:10815M/16361M
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Instance name: hoegh
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Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
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Oracle process number: 0
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Windows thread id: 8032, image: ORACLE.EXE
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ORA-00020: maximum number of processes 150 exceeded
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Died during process startup with error 20 (seq=5413)
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OPIRIP: Uncaught error 20. Error stack:
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ORA-00020: maximum number of processes (150) exceeded
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Dump file c://oracle//product//10.2.0//admin//hoegh//bdump//hoegh_ora_8032.trc
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Thu Apr 30 00:19:05 2015
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ORACLE V10.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production vsnsta=0
-
vsnsql=14 vsnxtr=3
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Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
-
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
-
Windows NT Version V6.1 Service Pack 1
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CPU : 24 – type 8664, 12 Physical Cores
-
Process Affinity : 0x0000000000000000
-
Memory (Avail/Total): Ph:3347M/8181M, Ph+PgF:10813M/16361M
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Instance name: hoegh
-
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
-
Oracle process number: 0
-
Windows thread id: 8032, image: ORACLE.EXE
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ORA-00020: maximum number of processes 150 exceeded
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Died during process startup with error 20 (seq=5582)
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OPIRIP: Uncaught error 20. Error stack:
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ORA-00020: maximum number of processes (150) exceeded
-
Dump file c://oracle//product//10.2.0//admin//hoegh//bdump//hoegh_ora_8032.trc
-
Thu Apr 30 01:27:31 2015
-
ORACLE V10.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production vsnsta=0
-
vsnsql=14 vsnxtr=3
-
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
-
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
-
Windows NT Version V6.1 Service Pack 1
-
CPU : 24 – type 8664, 12 Physical Cores
-
Process Affinity : 0x0000000000000000
-
Memory (Avail/Total): Ph:3350M/8181M, Ph+PgF:10812M/16361M
-
Instance name: hoegh
-
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
-
Oracle process number: 0
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Windows thread id: 8032, image: ORACLE.EXE
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ORA-00020: maximum number of processes 150 exceeded
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Died during process startup with error 20 (seq=5650)
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OPIRIP: Uncaught error 20. Error stack:
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ORA-00020: maximum number of processes (150) exceeded
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Dump file c://oracle//product//10.2.0//admin//hoegh//bdump//hoegh_ora_8032.trc
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Thu Apr 30 09:54:12 2015
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ORACLE V10.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production vsnsta=0
-
vsnsql=14 vsnxtr=3
-
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
-
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
-
Windows NT Version V6.1 Service Pack 1
-
CPU : 24 – type 8664, 12 Physical Cores
-
Process Affinity : 0x0000000000000000
-
Memory (Avail/Total): Ph:3857M/8181M, Ph+PgF:11421M/16361M
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Instance name: hoegh
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Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
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Oracle process number: 0
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Windows thread id: 8032, image: ORACLE.EXE
至于为什么新增设备会产生大量连接,到现在还没有搞清楚,怀疑和操作系统有关,这台设备安装的操作系统是windows xp embeded裁剪版系统,据说在安装系统时不太顺利;在故障设备上启动应用程序,通过select sid,serial#,program,terminal from v$session;监控实时会话信息,会话数不断增多,直到触碰阀值,数据库报错,问题成功复现;
我们又找来另外一台相同配置、相同操作系统的设备进行测试,没有出现这个问题。最后,只能把这台设备重装系统。
下面总结一下ORA-12516错误的解决办法:
一、一般是由于数据库的当前会话数不满足造成的,可以视业务需要增加processes和sessions参数的大小,这二者的关系是:sessions=(1.1*processes+5);
二、如果存在类似上述案例的恶意连接,可以按照上述步骤找到问题session,直接kill相关进程。
以上就是ORA-12516故障的解决方法,小编相信有部分知识点可能是我们日常工作会见到或用到的。希望你能通过这篇文章学到更多知识。更多详情敬请关注亿速云行业资讯频道。
原创文章,作者:Maggie-Hunter,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/tech/database/203879.html