1、为数据库创建软件目录以及数据存放目录
#mysql软件目录 mkdir /software/ #mysql数据文件目录 mkdir /data/mysql
2、上传mysql-XXXXXX.tar.gz文件到mysql软件安装目录下：
cd /software/ tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql的tar.gz的安装包可以去官网下载：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/。
3、更改解压缩后的文件夹名称
mv /software/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /software/mysql
4、创建mysql用户组和mysql用户
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
5、关联myql用户到mysql用户组中
chown -R mysql:mysql /software/mysql/chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/chown -R mysql /software/mysql/chown -R mysql /data/mysql
6、更改mysql安装文件夹mysql/的权限
chmod -R 755 /software/mysql/
7、安装libaio依赖包。
由于我买的腾讯云服务器centos系统自带的有这个依赖包所以不需要安装，不过自带的依赖包会报错，后面介绍解决办法。
#查询是否暗转libaio依赖包 yum search libaio #如果没安装，可以用下面命令安装 yum install libaio
8、初始化mysql命令
cd /software/mysql/bin ./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/software/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --initialize
在执行上面命令时特别要注意一行内容：
[Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: o*s#gqh)F4Ck [email protected]: 后面跟的是mysql数据库登录的临时密码，各人安装生成的临时密码不一样 #如果初始化时报错如下： error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared objec #是因为libnuma安装的是32位，我们这里需要64位的，执行下面语句就可以解决 yum install numactl.x86_64 #执行完后重新初始化mysql命令
9、启动mysql服务
sh /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
上面启动mysql服务命令是会报错的，因为没有修改mysql的配置文件，报错内容大致如下：
./support-files/mysql.server: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found ./support-files/mysql.server: line 259: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)
10、修改Mysql配置文件
vim /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
if test -z "$basedir" then basedir=/software/mysql bindir=/software/mysql/bin if test -z "$datadir" then datadir=/data/mysql fi sbindir=/software/mysql/bin libexecdir=/software/mysql/bin else bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir" then datadir="$basedir/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec" fi
保存并退出：
cp /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
11、修改my.cnf文件
vi /etc/my.cnf
将下面内容复制替换当前的my.cnf文件中的内容：
[client] no-beep socket =/software/mysql/mysql.sock # pipe # socket=0.0 port=3306 [mysql] default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld] basedir=/software/mysql datadir=/data/mysql port=3306 pid-file=/software/mysql/mysqld.pid #skip-grant-tables skip-name-resolve socket = /software/mysql/mysql.sock character-set-server=utf8 default-storage-engine=INNODB explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true # Server Id. server-id=1 max_connections=2000 query_cache_size=0 table_open_cache=2000 tmp_table_size=246M thread_cache_size=300 #限定用于每个数据库线程的栈大小。默认设置足以满足大多数应用 thread_stack = 192k key_buffer_size=512M read_buffer_size=4M read_rnd_buffer_size=32M innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0 innodb_log_buffer_size=16M innodb_buffer_pool_size=256M innodb_log_file_size=128M innodb_thread_concurrency=128 innodb_autoextend_increment=1000 innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8 innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000 innodb_old_blocks_time=1000 innodb_open_files=300 innodb_stats_on_metadata=0 innodb_file_per_table=1 innodb_checksum_algorithm=0 back_log=80 flush_time=0 join_buffer_size=128M max_allowed_packet=1024M max_connect_errors=2000 open_files_limit=4161 query_cache_type=0 sort_buffer_size=32M table_definition_cache=1400 binlog_row_event_max_size=8K sync_master_info=10000 sync_relay_log=10000 sync_relay_log_info=10000 #批量插入数据缓存大小，可以有效提高插入效率，默认为8M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M interactive_timeout = 120 wait_timeout = 120 log-bin-trust-function-creators=1 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
# include all files from the config directory
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
保存并推出。
12、启动mysql
/etc/init.d/mysqld start #或者： systemctl restart mysqld
新版本的安装包会报错，错误内容如下：
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/SZY.err'. 2018-07-02T10:09:03.779928Z mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation directory and restart this script from there as follows: ./bin/mysqld_safe& See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html for more information ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/software/mysql/mysqld.pid).
因为新版本的mysql安全启动安装包只认/usr/local/mysql这个路径。解决办法：
方法1、建立软连接
cd /usr/local/mysql ln -s /sofware/mysql/bin/myslqd mysqld
方法2、修改mysqld_safe文件（有强迫症的同学建议这种，我用的这种）
vim /software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe #将所有的/usr/local/mysql改为/software/mysql
保存退出。（可以将这个文件拷出来再修改然后替换）
13、登录mysql
/software/mysql/bin/mysql -u root –p
14、输入临时密码。
[email protected]:后面的内容。
15、修改mysql的登录密码
>mysql set password=password('root'); >mysql grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'root'; >mysql flush privileges;
16、完成，此时mysql的登录名root 登录密码root
原创文章，作者：Maggie-Hunter，如若转载，请注明出处：https://blog.ytso.com/tech/database/3787.html