SAP报表中TOP_OF_PAGE 和END_OF_LIST的使用详解编程语言

在SAP报表开发中，经常使用设计页眉。也就是我们提到的top of page，以及类似页脚的 end of list。

那这两部分如何实现的呢，有两种方法，一种是html方式，另一种也是我们本文要讲的使用事件和调用函数的方法。

简单来说，主要用到两个函数：REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET 和REUSE_ALV_COMMENTART_WRITE.

而涉及到的内表也是两个：

TYPE-POOLS:SLIS. 
DATA:GT_EVENT TYPE SLIS_T_EVENT, 
     GW_EVENT LIKE LINE OF GT_EVENT. 
DATA:GT_LISTHEADER TYPE SLIS_T_LISTHEADER, 
     GW_LISTHEADER LIKE LINE OF GT_LISTHEADER. 

这里GT_EVENT作用相当于创建页眉或页脚，而GT_LISTHEADER内表的作用则是存放展示在页眉页脚的内容。

简单来说：一个call function的ALV报表，我们在全局定义了上述的内表和工作区后，只需要额外添加几个FORM即可实现页眉页脚，而对原来的报表没有任何额外的影响。
如下：

首先给GT_EVENT赋值，其实这个内表只有两个字段，一个是NAME,一个是FORM。通过调用函数 REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET，系统会给GT_EVENT赋值多行name，其中name字段值为 top_of_page 和 end_of_list 的行就是我们需要的。然后我们给这两行的form字段分别赋值。

PERFORM BUILD_EVENTS. 
 
 
FORM BUILD_EVENTS. 
   CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET' 
   EXPORTING 
     I_LIST_TYPE           = 0 
   IMPORTING 
     ET_EVENTS             = GT_EVENT 
   EXCEPTIONS 
     LIST_TYPE_WRONG       = 1 
     OTHERS                = 2 
            . 
  IF SY-SUBRC <> 0. 
* Implement suitable error handling here 
  ENDIF. 
 
  READ TABLE GT_EVENT WITH KEY NAME = 'TOP_OF_PAGE' INTO GW_EVENT. 
  IF SY-SUBRC = 0. 
    MOVE 'FRM_TOP_OF_PAGE' TO GW_EVENT-FORM. 
    MODIFY GT_EVENT FROM GW_EVENT INDEX SY-TABIX. 
    ENDIF. 
 
    READ TABLE GT_EVENT WITH KEY NAME = 'END_OF_LIST' INTO GW_EVENT. 
    IF SY-SUBRC = 0. 
      GW_EVENT-FORM = 'FRM_END_OF_LIST'. 
      MODIFY GT_EVENT FROM GW_EVENT INDEX SY-TABIX. 
      ENDIF. 
ENDFORM.

完成EVENT的相关赋值后，就是listheader的赋值了，上面提到的gt_event内表中两个name行分别赋值form字段。这就是下面要写的form。

首先是top_of_page, 对应的form是 frm_top_of_page.
基本上就是给 listheader内表写值，typ 代表标题(H，字体变大)或内容(S)，key 为关键内容(加黑)，info为普通行。赋值完毕后，最后的函数调用才是关键，也是文章最开头我们提到的那个function：REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE .作用是将内容展现在页眉。

FORM FRM_TOP_OF_PAGE. 
DATA:STR1 TYPE STRING. 
 
  CLEAR:GT_LISTHEADER,GW_LISTHEADER. 
 
  GW_LISTHEADER-TYP = 'H'. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-KEY = ''. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-INFO = '测试报表抬头'. 
  APPEND GW_LISTHEADER TO GT_LISTHEADER. 
  CLEAR:GW_LISTHEADER. 
 
  DESCRIBE TABLE GT_TEST LINES STR1. 
  CONDENSE STR1 NO-GAPS. 
  CONCATENATE '报表条目数共计： '  STR1 INTO STR1. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-TYP = 'S'. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-KEY = '页眉：'. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-INFO = STR1. 
  APPEND GW_LISTHEADER TO GT_LISTHEADER. 
  CLEAR:GW_LISTHEADER. 
 
 
  CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE' 
    EXPORTING 
      IT_LIST_COMMENTARY       = GT_LISTHEADER 
*     I_LOGO                   = '' 
*     I_END_OF_LIST_GRID       = 
*     I_ALV_FORM               = 
            . 
ENDFORM.

同理，页脚展示如下：

FORM FRM_END_OF_LIST. 
DATA:STR2 TYPE STRING. 
CONCATENATE '创建者:'  SY-UNAME INTO STR2. 
  CLEAR:GT_LISTHEADER,GW_LISTHEADER. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-TYP = 'S'. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-KEY = '页尾：'. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-INFO = STR2. 
  APPEND GW_LISTHEADER TO GT_LISTHEADER. 
  CLEAR:GW_LISTHEADER,STR2. 
 
  CONCATENATE '时间：'  SY-DATUM(4) '-' SY-DATUM+4(2) '-' SY-DATUM+6(2) INTO STR2. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-TYP = 'S'. 
*  GW_LISTHEADER-KEY = 'X'. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-INFO = STR2. 
  APPEND GW_LISTHEADER TO GT_LISTHEADER. 
 
  CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE' 
    EXPORTING 
      IT_LIST_COMMENTARY       =  GT_LISTHEADER 
 
*     I_LOGO                   = 
*     I_END_OF_LIST_GRID       = 
*     I_ALV_FORM               = 
            . 
 
 
  ENDFORM.

总结：上述完毕，最后要想展现出页眉和页脚，在展示报表的函数中，一定不能忘记给参数赋值：IT_EVENTS = GT_EVENT.这里我们调用的REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY函数。

此外，REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE .这个函数我们这里提一下，我们只用到了exporting的第一行，也就是listheader内表导入。其中i_logo参数也可以使用，会展示图片。比如我们 i_logo = ‘ENJOYSAP_LOGO’ 会展现系统自带的图片。

贴出一个简单的报表小例子：
这里我们没有使用数据结构，但是GUI状态需要建立，例子中使用的名字是9000.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* 
*& Report  ZTEST 
*& 
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* 
 
 
REPORT  ZTEST. 
 
TYPE-POOLS:SLIS. 
TABLES:MARA,MARC. 
 
DATA: GT_FIELDCAT TYPE SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV, 
      GS_LAYOUT TYPE SLIS_LAYOUT_ALV, 
      GS_GRID TYPE REF TO CL_GUI_ALV_GRID. 
 
DATA:GT_EVENT TYPE SLIS_T_EVENT, 
     GW_EVENT LIKE LINE OF GT_EVENT. 
 
DATA:GT_LISTHEADER TYPE SLIS_T_LISTHEADER, 
     GW_LISTHEADER LIKE LINE OF GT_LISTHEADER. 
 
DATA:L_REPID LIKE SY-REPID."当前程序名" 
L_REPID = SY-REPID. 
 
TYPES:BEGIN OF TY_TEST, 
  MATNR TYPE MAKT-MATNR, 
  WERKS TYPE MARC-WERKS, 
  DISPO TYPE MARC-DISPO, 
  MAKTX TYPE MAKT-MAKTX, 
  END OF TY_TEST. 
DATA:GT_TEST TYPE TABLE OF TY_TEST, 
     GW_TEST TYPE TY_TEST. 
 
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK B1 WITH FRAME TITLE TEXT-001. 
  SELECT-OPTIONS : S_MATNR FOR MARA-MATNR, 
                   S_WERKS FOR MARC-WERKS. 
  SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK B1. 
 
START-OF-SELECTION. 
  PERFORM SET_LAYOUT. 
  PERFORM SET_FIELDCAT. 
  PERFORM GET_DATA. 
 
  PERFORM BUILD_EVENTS. 
 
  PERFORM SHOW_ALV. 
 
 
 
 
FORM SET_LAYOUT. 
  GS_LAYOUT-ZEBRA = 'X'. 
  GS_LAYOUT-COLWIDTH_OPTIMIZE = 'X'."设置最优宽度" 
 
 
  ENDFORM. 
 
FORM SET_FIELDCAT. 
 
DATA:GW_FIELDCAT TYPE SLIS_FIELDCAT_ALV. 
DATA: COLNUM TYPE I VALUE 1. 
 
GW_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COLNUM. 
GW_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'MATNR'. 
GW_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_S = '物料号'. 
GW_FIELDCAT-LZERO = 'X'. 
GW_FIELDCAT-KEY = 'X'. 
GW_FIELDCAT-HOTSPOT = 'X'. 
APPEND GW_FIELDCAT TO GT_FIELDCAT. 
CLEAR:GW_FIELDCAT. 
 
COLNUM = COLNUM + 1. 
GW_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COLNUM. 
GW_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'WERKS'. 
GW_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_S  = '工厂'. 
APPEND GW_FIELDCAT TO GT_FIELDCAT. 
CLEAR:GW_FIELDCAT. 
 
COLNUM = COLNUM + 1. 
GW_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COLNUM. 
GW_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'DISPO'. 
GW_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_S  = 'MRP控制'. 
APPEND GW_FIELDCAT TO GT_FIELDCAT. 
CLEAR:GW_FIELDCAT. 
 
COLNUM = COLNUM + 1. 
GW_FIELDCAT-COL_POS = COLNUM. 
GW_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME = 'MAKTX'. 
GW_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_S  = '物料描述'. 
APPEND GW_FIELDCAT TO GT_FIELDCAT. 
CLEAR:GW_FIELDCAT. 
 
 
ENDFORM. 
 
 
FORM GET_DATA. 
 SELECT 
   MARA~MATNR 
   WERKS 
   DISPO 
   MAKTX 
   INTO  TABLE GT_TEST 
   FROM MARA INNER JOIN MARC ON MARA~MATNR = MARC~MATNR 
   INNER JOIN MAKT ON MARA~MATNR = MAKT~MATNR 
   WHERE MARA~MATNR IN S_MATNR 
   AND WERKS IN S_WERKS. 
 
  ENDFORM. 
 
 
 
FORM SHOW_ALV. 
DATA:IS_VARIANT TYPE DISVARIANT."变式格式" 
IS_VARIANT-REPORT = SY-REPID. 
 
  CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY' 
   EXPORTING 
 
     I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM                = L_REPID 
     I_CALLBACK_PF_STATUS_SET          = 'FRM_STATUS ' 
     I_CALLBACK_USER_COMMAND           = 'FRM_COMMAND ' 
*     I_CALLBACK_TOP_OF_PAGE            = ' ' 
 
     IS_LAYOUT                         = GS_LAYOUT 
     IT_FIELDCAT                       = GT_FIELDCAT 
 
 
     I_SAVE                            = 'A' 
     IS_VARIANT                        = IS_VARIANT 
     IT_EVENTS                         = GT_EVENT 
    TABLES 
      T_OUTTAB                          = GT_TEST 
   EXCEPTIONS 
     PROGRAM_ERROR                     = 1 
     OTHERS                            = 2 
            . 
  IF SY-SUBRC <> 0. 
* Implement suitable error handling here 
  ENDIF. 
 
 
 
  ENDFORM. 
 
 
FORM FRM_STATUS USING RT_EXTAB TYPE SLIS_T_EXTAB. 
  set PF-STATUS '9000'. 
 
  ENDFORM. 
 
FORM FRM_COMMAND USING L_UCOMM LIKE SY-UCOMM 
      W_SELFIELD TYPE SLIS_SELFIELD. 
 
  CASE L_UCOMM. 
    WHEN '&IC1'."单击事件" 
 
    WHEN OTHERS. 
 
      ENDCASE . 
 
 ENDFORM. 
 
 
 
 
FORM BUILD_EVENTS. 
  CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET' 
   EXPORTING 
     I_LIST_TYPE           = 0 
   IMPORTING 
     ET_EVENTS             = GT_EVENT 
   EXCEPTIONS 
     LIST_TYPE_WRONG       = 1 
     OTHERS                = 2 
            . 
  IF SY-SUBRC <> 0. 
* Implement suitable error handling here 
  ENDIF. 
 
  READ TABLE GT_EVENT WITH KEY NAME = 'TOP_OF_PAGE' INTO GW_EVENT. 
  IF SY-SUBRC = 0. 
    MOVE 'FRM_TOP_OF_PAGE' TO GW_EVENT-FORM. 
    MODIFY GT_EVENT FROM GW_EVENT INDEX SY-TABIX. 
    ENDIF. 
 
    READ TABLE GT_EVENT WITH KEY NAME = 'END_OF_LIST' INTO GW_EVENT. 
    IF SY-SUBRC = 0. 
      GW_EVENT-FORM = 'FRM_END_OF_LIST'. 
      MODIFY GT_EVENT FROM GW_EVENT INDEX SY-TABIX. 
      ENDIF. 
 
      ENDFORM. 
 
 
FORM FRM_TOP_OF_PAGE. 
DATA:STR1 TYPE STRING. 
 
  CLEAR:GT_LISTHEADER,GW_LISTHEADER. 
 
  GW_LISTHEADER-TYP = 'H'. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-KEY = ''. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-INFO = '测试报表抬头'. 
  APPEND GW_LISTHEADER TO GT_LISTHEADER. 
  CLEAR:GW_LISTHEADER. 
 
  DESCRIBE TABLE GT_TEST LINES STR1. 
  CONDENSE STR1 NO-GAPS. 
  CONCATENATE '报表条目数共计： '  STR1 INTO STR1. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-TYP = 'S'. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-KEY = '页眉：'. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-INFO = STR1. 
  APPEND GW_LISTHEADER TO GT_LISTHEADER. 
  CLEAR:GW_LISTHEADER. 
 
 
  CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE' 
    EXPORTING 
      IT_LIST_COMMENTARY       = GT_LISTHEADER 
*     I_LOGO                   = '' 
*     I_END_OF_LIST_GRID       = 
*     I_ALV_FORM               = 
            . 
ENDFORM. 
 
 
FORM FRM_END_OF_LIST. 
DATA:STR2 TYPE STRING. 
CONCATENATE '创建者:'  SY-UNAME INTO STR2. 
  CLEAR:GT_LISTHEADER,GW_LISTHEADER. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-TYP = 'S'. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-KEY = '页尾：'. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-INFO = STR2. 
  APPEND GW_LISTHEADER TO GT_LISTHEADER. 
  CLEAR:GW_LISTHEADER,STR2. 
 
  CONCATENATE '时间：'  SY-DATUM(4) '-' SY-DATUM+4(2) '-' SY-DATUM+6(2) INTO STR2. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-TYP = 'S'. 
*  GW_LISTHEADER-KEY = 'X'. 
  GW_LISTHEADER-INFO = STR2. 
  APPEND GW_LISTHEADER TO GT_LISTHEADER. 
 
  CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE' 
    EXPORTING 
      IT_LIST_COMMENTARY       =  GT_LISTHEADER 
 
     I_LOGO                   = 'ENJOYSAP_LOGO' 
 
*     I_END_OF_LIST_GRID       = 
*     I_ALV_FORM               = 
            . 
 
 
  ENDFORM.