C++实现一个复数类详解编程语言

复数类的实现中包含了众多C++的基础知识，对学习C++有很大的帮助。其中，运算符重载中的“前置++、–和后置++、–”稍微难些，需注意理解它的参数设计和返回值。

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1 
#include<iostream> 
 
using namespace std; 
 
class Complex 
{ 
private: 
    double _real; 
    double _image; 
 
public://四个默认成员函数 
    //构造函数 
    Complex(double real = 0.0, double image = 0.0) 
        :_real(real), _image(image) 
    { 
 
    } 
 
    //拷贝构造函数 
    Complex(const Complex& c) 
    { 
        _real = c._real; 
        _image = c._image; 
    } 
 
    //析构函数 
    ~Complex() 
    { 
    } 
 
    //赋值运算符的重载 
    Complex operator = (const Complex& c) 
    { 
        this->_real = c._real; 
        this->_image = c._image; 
        return *this; 
    } 
 
public://复数“==”、“+”、“-”、“+=”、“-=”的情况 
    //判断相等 
    bool operator == (const Complex& d) 
    { 
        return ((_real == d._real) && (_image == d._image)); 
    } 
 
    //两个复数相加 
    Complex operator+(const Complex& d) 
    { 
        Complex tmp; 
        tmp._real = _real + d._real; 
        tmp._image = _image + d._image; 
        return tmp; 
    } 
 
    //两个复数相减 
    Complex operator-(const Complex& d) 
    { 
        Complex tmp; 
        tmp._real = _real - d._real; 
        tmp._image = _image - d._image; 
        return tmp; 
    } 
 
    //复数对象-=d 
    Complex& operator+=(const Complex& d) 
    { 
        _real += d._real; 
        _image += d._image; 
        return *this; 
    } 
 
    //复数对象-=d 
    Complex& operator-=(const Complex& d) 
    { 
        _real -= d._real; 
        _image -= d._image; 
        return *this; 
    } 
 
public://复数“前置++、--”和“后置++、--” 
    //前置++ 
    /*Complex operator++() 
    { 
        ++_real; 
        ++_image; 
        return *this; 
    }*/ 
    Complex& operator++() 
    { 
        this->_real++; 
        this->_image++; 
        return *this; 
    } 
 
    //前置-- 
    /*Complex operator--() 
    { 
        --_real; 
        --_image; 
        return *this; 
    }*/ 
    Complex& operator--() 
    { 
        this->_real--; 
        this->_image--; 
        return *this; 
    } 
 
    //后置++ 
    Complex operator++(int) 
    { 
        Complex tmp = *this; 
        _real++; 
        _image++; 
        return tmp; 
    } 
 
    //后置-- 
    Complex operator--(int) 
    { 
        Complex tmp = *this; 
        _real--; 
        _image--; 
        return tmp; 
    } 
 
    //打印复数 
    void Display() 
    { 
        cout << _real << "+" << _image << "i" << endl; 
    } 
}; 
 
//测试函数 
void Test1() 
{ 
    cout << "初始化一个复数类" << endl; 
    Complex c1(1.0, 2.0);//调用构造函数，新建复数类c1 
    c1.Display(); 
 
    Complex c2(c1);//调用拷贝构造函数，新建复数类c2 
    c2.Display(); 
    cout << endl; 
} 
 
void Test2() 
{ 
    cout << "初始化一个复数类" << endl; 
    Complex c1(1.0, 2.0);//调用构造函数，新建复数类c1 
    c1.Display(); 
 
    Complex c2(c1);//调用拷贝构造函数，新建复数类c2 
    c2.Display(); 
 
    //测试operator== 
    cout << endl << "测试operator==" << endl; 
    int ret = c1 == c2; 
    if (ret) 
    { 
        cout << "c1 == c2" << endl; 
    } 
    else 
    { 
        cout << "c1 != c2" << endl; 
    } 
 
    //测试operator+ 
    cout << endl << "测试operator+" << endl; 
    Complex c3 = c1 + c2; 
    c3.Display(); 
 
    //测试operator- 
    cout << endl << "测试operator-" << endl; 
    Complex c4 = c1 - c2; 
    c4.Display(); 
 
    //测试opertor+= 
    cout << endl << "测试operator+=" << endl; 
    c1 += c2; 
    c1.Display(); 
 
    //测试opertor-= 
    cout << endl << "测试operator-=" << endl; 
    c1.operator-= (c2); 
    c1.Display(); 
 
    cout << endl; 
} 
 
//测试前置++、--和后置++、-- 
void Test3() 
{ 
    cout << "初始化一个复数类" << endl; 
    Complex c1(1.0, 2.0); 
    c1.Display(); 
 
    //前置++ 
    cout << endl << "测试前置++" << endl; 
    Complex c2 = ++c1; 
    c2.Display(); 
 
    //前置-- 
    cout << endl << "测试前置--" << endl; 
    Complex c3 = --c1; 
    c3.Display(); 
    c1.Display(); 
 
    //后置++ 
    cout << endl << "测试后置++" << endl; 
    Complex c4 = c1++; 
    c4.Display(); 
    c1.Display(); 
 
    //后置-- 
    cout << endl << "测试后置--" << endl; 
    Complex c5 = c1--; 
    c5.Display(); 
    c1.Display(); 
 
    cout << endl; 
} 
 
int main() 
{ 
    Test1(); 
    Test2(); 
    Test3(); 
    system("pause"); 
    return 0; 
}