【Java】使用socket实现控制台多线程聊天室详解编程语言

刚学习了socket编程和多线程相关知识,为了巩固下知识,动手实现了一个基于BIO的socket+多线程的控制台聊天室。

github代码地址:传送门

功能介绍

首先启动server端,然后启动client端。任意一个client发送给server的消息都将会被转发给所有在线的client,实现了一个聊天室功能。

client发送exit指令可以下线,所有的client端,以及server端都会收到它的下线通知。

原理

socket 通信是基于TCP/IP 网络层上的一种传送方式,有关TCP的介绍前面有写过(TCP概述),这里不再赘述。

首先,服务端初始化ServerSocket,然后对指定的端口(这里是65000)进行绑定,接着对端口进行监听,通过调用accept方法阻塞,此时,如果客户端有一个socket连接到服务端,那么服务端通过监听和accept方法可以与客户端进行连接,就创建了一个客户端线程。

然后就是客户端的启动和连接了,在服务端socket启动之后,启动客户端连接ServerSocket,这里实现了多线程,可以同时连接多个客户端。这里多线程方面使用了线程池,线程池的作用是:

  • 线程复用,减少创建线程耗时;
  • 防止短时间内高并发,指定线程池大小,超过数量将等待,防止短时间创建大量线程导致资源耗尽,服务挂掉。

代码

客户端:

 
import java.io.*; 
import java.net.InetAddress; 
import java.net.InetSocketAddress; 
import java.net.Socket; 
import java.util.Scanner; 
 
public class TCPClient {
    
 
    Socket clientSocket = null; 
    BufferedReader reader = null; 
    private static final int PORT = 65000; 
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    
        new TCPClient(); 
        System.exit(0);  //client退出后自动结束此进程 
    } 
 
	//客户端逻辑写在构造方法中 
    public TCPClient() {
    
        clientSocket = new Socket(); 
        try {
    
            clientSocket.connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", PORT)); 
            new getInputStream().start(); 
            System.out.println("Client started!"); 
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream())); 
            String receiveStr = null; 
            while ((receiveStr = reader.readLine()) != null) {
    
                //接收服务端发来的数据 
                if (receiveStr.equals("exit")) {
    
                //如果发送exit,服务端会回传exit,这里判断回传的是不是exit。是的话就结束此线程 
                    break; 
                } 
                System.out.println(receiveStr); 
            } 
 
        } catch (IOException e) {
    
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } finally {
    
        	//exit -> 关闭客户端套接字、线程、BufferReader 
            try {
    
                if (reader != null) {
    
                    reader.close(); 
                } 
                if (clientSocket != null) {
    
                    clientSocket.close(); 
                } 
            } catch (IOException e) {
    
                e.printStackTrace(); 
            } 
        } 
    } 
 
	//客户端线程,用于向服务端写入从客户端控制台输入的数据 
    class getInputStream extends Thread {
    
        @Override 
        public void run() {
    
            BufferedReader is = null; 
            PrintWriter os = null; 
            try {
    
                is = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); 
                os = new PrintWriter(new BufferedOutputStream(clientSocket.getOutputStream())); 
                String str = null; 
                while ((str = is.readLine()) != null) {
    
                    os.println(str); 
                    os.flush(); 
                } 
 
            } catch (IOException e) {
    
                e.printStackTrace(); 
            } finally {
    
                try {
    
                    if (is != null) {
    
                        is.close(); 
                    } 
                    if (os != null) {
    
                        os.close(); 
                    } 
                } catch (IOException e) {
    
                    e.printStackTrace(); 
                } 
            } 
        } 
    } 
} 
 

服务端:

import java.io.*; 
import java.net.ServerSocket; 
import java.net.Socket; 
import java.util.ArrayList; 
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; 
import java.util.concurrent.Executors; 
 
public class TCPServer {
    
 
    static ArrayList<Socket> clients = new ArrayList<>(); 
 
	//接受客户端信息线程,每个客户端对应一个,用来获取客户端发送来的数据并广播到所有客户端 
    static class HandleMsg implements Runnable {
    
 
        Socket clientSocket; 
 
        PrintWriter os = null; 
        String msg = null; 
 
        public HandleMsg(Socket clientSocket) {
    
            this.clientSocket = clientSocket; 
        } 
        @Override 
        public void run() {
    
            clients.add(clientSocket);  //添加进客户端套接字池 
            //客户端刚连接时显示其端口、当前人数,并广播 
            msg = "欢迎【" + clientSocket.getRemoteSocketAddress() + "】加入聊天室!聊天室当前人数为:" + clients.size(); 
            sendMsg(msg); 
            BufferedReader is = null; 
            try {
    
                //从InputStream中读取客户端发来的数据 
                is = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream())); 
 
                while ((msg = is.readLine()) != null) {
    
                    if (msg.equals("exit")) {
    
                        //客户端发送exit退出 
                        msg = "【" + clientSocket.getRemoteSocketAddress() + "】下线了."; 
                        sendMsg(msg); 
                        System.out.println(msg); 
                        os = new PrintWriter(new BufferedOutputStream(clientSocket.getOutputStream())); 
                        os.println("exit"); 
                        os.flush(); 
                        break; 
                    } else {
    
                        msg = "【" + clientSocket.getRemoteSocketAddress() + "】说: " + msg; 
                        sendMsg(msg); 
                    } 
                } 
            } catch (IOException e) {
    
                e.printStackTrace(); 
            } finally {
    
                try {
    
                    if (is != null) {
    
                        is.close(); 
                    } 
                    if (os != null) {
    
                        os.close(); 
                    } 
                    clientSocket.close(); 
                    clients.remove(clientSocket); 
                } catch (IOException e) {
    
                    e.printStackTrace(); 
                } 
            } 
        } 
 
		//广播发送方法 
        void sendMsg(String msg) {
    
            for (int i = clients.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
    
                try {
    
                    os = new PrintWriter(new BufferedOutputStream(clients.get(i).getOutputStream())); 
                    os.println(msg); 
                    os.flush(); 
                } catch (IOException e) {
    
                    e.printStackTrace(); 
                } 
            } 
        } 
    } 
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    
        ServerSocket ss = null; 
        Socket clientSocket = null; 
        ExecutorService tp = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); 
        ss = new ServerSocket(65000); 
        System.out.println("Server " + ss.getLocalPort() + " started!"); 
        while (true) {
    
            try {
    
            	//阻塞,直到有客户端连接 
                clientSocket = ss.accept(); 
                System.out.println(clientSocket.getRemoteSocketAddress() + " connect!"); 
                //为客户端创建一个接收信息的线程 
                tp.execute(new HandleMsg(clientSocket)); 
            } catch (IOException e) {
    
                System.out.println(e); 
            } 
        } 
 
 
    } 
} 
 

原创文章,作者:奋斗,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/tech/pnotes/19354.html

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