abap处理字符串详解编程语言

1. 字符串连接
CONCATENATE dobj1 dobj2 … INTO result
[IN { BYTE | CHARACTER } MODE]
[SEPARATED BY sep].

2.字符串分隔, split 一个string的部分到一个内表或一系列的变量
SPLIT dobj AT sep INTO
{ {result1 result2 …} | {TABLE result_tab} }
[IN {BYTE|CHARACTER} MODE].

3. 字符串查找, 在一个字符串中查找模式串(FIND or SEARCH)
FIND sub_string
IN SECTION [OFFSET off] [LENGTH len] OF dobj –> 灰色部分用来缩小目的串被查找的范围
[ IN { BYTE | CHARACTER } MODE ]
[ { RESPECTING | IGNORING } CASE ]
[ MATCH OFFSET moff ] [MATCH LENGTH mlen ].

FIND ‘knows’
IN SECTION OFFSET 5 OF ‘Everybody knows this is nowhere’
MATCH OFFSET moff ” => moff = 10
MATCH LENGTH mlen. ” => mlen= 5

在字符串dobj中查找pattern
SEARCH dobj FOR pattern [IN { BYTE | CHARACTER } MODE]
[STARTING AT p1] [ENDING AT p2]
[ABBREVIATED]
[AND MARK].
if sy-subrc = 0. then SY-FDPOS = 返回pattern在dobj中的位置
About pattern:
‘pat’ – 忽略尾部空格
‘.pat.’ –不忽略尾部空格
‘*pat’ – 以pat结尾
‘pat*’ – 以pat开始
单词是指:　用 空格 , ; : ? ! () / + =分隔的字串

4. 字符串替换
REPLACE SECTION [OFFSET off] [LENGTH len]
OF dobj WITH new
[IN { BYTE | CHARACTER } MODE].

REPLACE [{FIRST OCCURRENCE}|{ALL OCCURRENCES} OF]
[SUBSTRING] sub_string
IN [SECTION [OFFSET off] [LENGTH len] OF ] dobj WITH new
[IN {BYTE|CHARACTER} MODE]
[{RESPECTING|IGNORING} CASE]
[REPLACEMENT COUNT rcnt]
[REPLACEMENT OFFSET roff]
[REPLACEMENT LENGTH rlen].
eg:
DATA: text1 TYPE string VALUE ‘xababx’.
REPLACE ‘ab’ IN text1 WITH ‘xx’. –> xxxabx

5. 去前导0 (Remove leading zero)
SHIFT dobj LEFT DELETING LEADING ‘0’.
FM : CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT

增前导0 (Add leading zero)
DATA v_s(5).
UNPACK ‘123’ to v_s. ==> v_s = ‘00123’
FM: CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_INPUT

SHIFT dobj
[{BY num PLACES} | {UP TO sub_string}]
[LEFT|RIGHT] [CIRCULAR]
SHIFT dobj
{LEFT DELETING LEADING} | {RIGHT DELETING TRAILING} pattern.
[IN {BYTE|CHARACTER} MODE].

6. 字符串的长度, 内表的行数
STRLEN( dobj) 字符串的长度
LINES( itab ) 内表的行数

7. 删字符串中的空格: CONDENSE text [NO-GAPS].

8. 大小写转换，字符变换
TRANSLATE text {TO {UPPER|LOWER} CASE} | {USING pattern}.
eg: text = `Barbcbdbarb`.
TRANSLATE text USING ‘ABBAabba’. =>’Abracadabra’

9. CONVERT
CONVERT DATE dat [TIME tim [DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME dst]]
INTO TIME STAMP time_stamp TIME ZONE tz.

CONVERT TIME STAMP time_stamp TIME ZONE tz
INTO [DATE dat] [TIME tim]
[DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME dst].

CONVERT TEXT text INTO SORTABLE CODE hex.

10. OVERLAY text1 WITH text2 [ONLY pattern].
如果不指定后面的ONLY pattern, text1中的空格会被text2中的对应字符替代
如果指定只有匹配的字符才会被替代，注意大小写敏感

11. 模式匹配
CO / CN contains only or not
CA / NA contains any or not any
CS / NS contain string or not
CP / NP contains pattern or not

NOTE:
a) . CO, NO, CA, NA比较时区分大小写，　并且尾部空格也在比较的范围之内
data: s1(10) value ‘aabb’.
if s1 co ‘ab’ ==> false
if s1 co ‘ab ‘ ==>true
CS, NS, CP, NP不区分大小写和尾部空格

b) .对于CP, NP
* = /s?
+ = /s
# 换码字符, 用于匹配 *, +这样的字符
##
#*
#+
#___ 比较结尾空格
#[a-z] 在CP, NP中强制区分大小写

c) . 比较结束后，如果结果为真，sy-fdpos将给出s2在s1中的偏移量信息

12. 特殊字符
在字符串中加入回车换行或TAB字符，在其他语言可以使用$13$10这样的ASCII码进行插入.但在ABAP中要使用sap的类CL_ABAP_CHAR_UTILITIES. 里面有字符常量:CR_LF,HORIZONTAL_TAB,NEWLINE等等.

13. 字符串位操作
DATA: v_s(10) value ‘abcd’.
v_s+0(1) = ‘b’.
v_s+2(*) = ’12’.
=> v_s = ‘bb12’.