Linux网络配置的基本方法

进入Linux界面后，右击选择open terminal：

会出现命令行窗口：

用ifconfig命令查看网络配置：

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        ether 00:0c:29:b6:bb:ac txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
        RX packets 125 bytes 7500 (7.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
        TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10
        loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 76 bytes 6908 (6.7 KiB)
        RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
        TX packets 76 bytes 6908 (6.7 KiB)
        TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:36:da:62 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
        TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

lo是本地网络，不用管，virbr0是虚拟网卡，可以删除，主要配置ens33，删除virbr0：

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig virbr0 down #关闭virbr0网卡
[root@localhost ~]# brctl delbr virbr0 #删除virbr0网卡
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable libvirtd.service  #因为虚拟网卡是libvirtd服务创建的，而该服务在Linux中没有太大用处，因此此处直接禁止开机启动
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/libvirtd.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/virtlockd.socket.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/virtlogd.socket.

配置ens33：

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ #网络配置文件路径
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens33 ifdown-isdn ifup ifup-plip ifup-tunnel
ifcfg-lo ifdown-post ifup-aliases ifup-plusb ifup-wireless
ifdown ifdown-ppp ifup-bnep ifup-post init.ipv6-global
ifdown-bnep ifdown-routes ifup-eth ifup-ppp network-functions
ifdown-eth ifdown-sit ifup-ib ifup-routes network-functions-ipv6
ifdown-ib ifdown-Team ifup-ippp ifup-sit
ifdown-ippp ifdown-TeamPort ifup-ipv6 ifup-Team
ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-tunnel ifup-isdn ifup-TeamPort
更改ifcfg-ens33（可能名字会有所不同，但基本是这个）:
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33 
TYPE=Ethernet #网络类型
BOOTPROTO=none #IP获取方式，有dhcp自动获取和静态IP（none/static）
NAME=ens33 #网络名称
UUID=d1755a41-8026-42f1-871d-9cd78fa2aa3c 
DEVICE=ens33 #驱动名称
ONBOOT=yes #设置开机启动
IPADDR=192.168.137.3 #设置静态IP地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #子网掩码
GATEWAY=192.168.137.254 #网关
DNS1=114.114.114.114 #DNS
DNS2=202.96.134.133

保存退出后重启网络服务：

[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network.service

再查看下：

[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.137.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.137.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feb6:bbac prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
        ether 00:0c:29:b6:bb:ac txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
        RX packets 898 bytes 60524 (59.1 KiB)
        RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
        TX packets 26 bytes 3920 (3.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10
        loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 100 bytes 9716 (9.4 KiB)
        RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
        TX packets 100 bytes 9716 (9.4 KiB)
        TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

可以看到IP已经变了，为保险起见，可以ping一下：

[root@localhost network-scripts]# ping 192.168.137.2
PING 192.168.137.2 (192.168.137.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.137.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.142 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.137.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.045 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.137.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.030 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.137.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.137.2: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.033 ms

至此，网络配置完成。