性能环境之docker操作指南2（全网最全）

docker [OPTIONS] command

Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...]    

      docker daemon [ --help | ... ]    

      docker [ -h | --help | -v | --version ]    

A self-sufficient runtime for containers.    

Options:    

  --config=~/.docker              Location of client config files    

 -D, --debug=false               Enable debug mode    

 -H, --host=[]                   Daemon socket(s) to connect to    

 -h, --help=false                Print usage    

 -l, --log-level=info            Set the logging level    

 --tls=false                     Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify    

 --tlscacert=~/.docker/ca.pem    Trust certs signed only by this CA    

 --tlscert=~/.docker/cert.pem    Path to TLS certificate file    

 --tlskey=~/.docker/key.pem      Path to TLS key file    

 --tlsverify=false               Use TLS and verify the remote    

 -v, --version=false             Print version information and quit

attach

Attach to a running container
将终端依附到容器上

Usage:  docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER    

Attach to a running container    

 --help=false        Print usage    

 --no-stdin=false    Do not attach STDIN    

 --sig-proxy=true    Proxy all received signals to the process

build

Usage:  docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -    

Build an image from a Dockerfile    

 --build-arg=[]                  Set build-time variables    

 --cpu-shares=0                  CPU shares (relative weight)    

 --cgroup-parent=                Optional parent cgroup for the container    

 --cpu-period=0                  Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period    

 --cpu-quota=0                   Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota    

 --cpuset-cpus=                  CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)    

 --cpuset-mems=                  MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)    

 --disable-content-trust=true    Skip image verification    

 -f, --file=                     Name of the Dockerfile (Default is 'PATH/Dockerfile')    

 --force-rm=false                Always remove intermediate containers    

 --help=false                    Print usage    

 -m, --memory=                   Memory limit    

 --memory-swap=                  Total memory (memory + swap), '-1' to disable swap    

 --no-cache=false                Do not use cache when building the image    

 --pull=false                    Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image    

 -q, --quiet=false               Suppress the verbose output generated by the containers    

 --rm=true                       Remove intermediate containers after a successful build    

 -t, --tag=                      Repository name (and optionally a tag) for the image    

 --ulimit=[]                     Ulimit options

通过Dockerfile创建镜像。具体见以后的使用中。

commit

Usage:  docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]    

Create a new image from a container's changes    

 -a, --author=       Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith <hannibal@a-team.com>")    

 -c, --change=[]     Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image    

 --help=false        Print usage    

 -m, --message=      Commit message    

 -p, --pause=true    Pause container during commit

通过容器创建本地镜像.
可自定义tag，如docker commit dc806ee0bf86 web:v1
不指定tag的情况下默认tag为latest

root@ubuntu:~# docker commit dc806ee0bf86 test    

1e488386876e14ef3e930a98ec0bb49de1890963e2e979069f9f4d87f89f4959

cp

Usage:  docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:PATH LOCALPATH|-    

       docker cp [OPTIONS] LOCALPATH|- CONTAINER:PATH    

Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem    

Use '-' as the source to read a tar archive from stdin and extract it to a directory destination in a container.    

Use '-' as the destination to stream a tar archive of a container source to stdout.

容器和宿主机之间相互copy文件
1.将容器:/data/a.txt复制到本地当前目录

$ docker cp 87cb69be18bb:/data/a.txt ./

2.将本地文件复制到容器:/data/backup目录下

$ docker cp helpdocker.tgz 87cb69be18bb:/data/backup/

3.将本地目录复制到容器:/data/backup目录下

$ docker cp data 87cb69be18bb:/data/backup

create

Usage:  docker create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]    

Create a new container    

 -a, --attach=[]                 Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR    

 --add-host=[]                   Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)    

 --blkio-weight=0                Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000    

 --cpu-shares=0                  CPU shares (relative weight)    

 --cap-add=[]                    Add Linux capabilities    

 --cap-drop=[]                   Drop Linux capabilities    

 --cgroup-parent=                Optional parent cgroup for the container    

 --cidfile=                      Write the container ID to the file    

 --cpu-period=0                  Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period    

 --cpu-quota=0                   Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota    

 --cpuset-cpus=                  CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)    

 --cpuset-mems=                  MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)    

 --device=[]                     Add a host device to the container    

 --disable-content-trust=true    Skip image verification    

 --dns=[]                        Set custom DNS servers    

 --dns-opt=[]                    Set DNS options    

 --dns-search=[]                 Set custom DNS search domains    

 -e, --env=[]                    Set environment variables    

 --entrypoint=                   Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image    

 --env-file=[]                   Read in a file of environment variables    

 --expose=[]                     Expose a port or a range of ports    

 --group-add=[]                  Add additional groups to join    

 -h, --hostname=                 Container host name    

 --help=false                    Print usage    

 -i, --interactive=false         Keep STDIN open even if not attached    

 --ipc=                          IPC namespace to use    

 --kernel-memory=                Kernel memory limit    

 -l, --label=[]                  Set meta data on a container    

 --label-file=[]                 Read in a line delimited file of labels    

 --link=[]                       Add link to another container    

 --log-driver=                   Logging driver for container    

 --log-opt=[]                    Log driver options    

 --lxc-conf=[]                   Add custom lxc options    

 -m, --memory=                   Memory limit    

 --mac-address=                  Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)    

 --memory-reservation=           Memory soft limit    

 --memory-swap=                  Total memory (memory + swap), '-1' to disable swap    

 --memory-swappiness=-1          Tuning container memory swappiness (0 to 100)    

 --name=                         Assign a name to the container    

 --net=default                   Set the Network for the container    

 --oom-kill-disable=false        Disable OOM Killer    

 -P, --publish-all=false         Publish all exposed ports to random ports    

 -p, --publish=[]                Publish a container's port(s) to the host    

 --pid=                          PID namespace to use    

 --privileged=false              Give extended privileges to this container    

 --read-only=false               Mount the container's root filesystem as read only    

 --restart=no                    Restart policy to apply when a container exits    

 --security-opt=[]               Security Options    

 --stop-signal=SIGTERM           Signal to stop a container, SIGTERM by default    

 -t, --tty=false                 Allocate a pseudo-TTY    

 -u, --user=                     Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])    

 --ulimit=[]                     Ulimit options    

 --uts=                          UTS namespace to use    

 -v, --volume=[]                 Bind mount a volume    

 --volume-driver=                Optional volume driver for the container    

 --volumes-from=[]               Mount volumes from the specified container(s)    

 -w, --workdir=                  Working directory inside the container

创建但不启动一个容器.具体参数同docker run.

diff

Usage:  docker diff [OPTIONS] CONTAINER    

Inspect changes on a container's filesystem    

 --help=false       Print usage

查看容器内发生变化的文件。

$ docker diff 87cb69be18bb

A /data    

A /data/a.txt    

A /data/b    

A /data/backup    

A /data/backup/data    

A /data/backup/helpdocker.tgz    

C /root    

A /root/.bash_history

events

Usage:  docker events [OPTIONS]    

Get real time events from the server    

 -f, --filter=[]    Filter output based on conditions provided    

 --help=false       Print usage    

 --since=           Show all events created since timestamp    

 --until=           Stream events until this timestamp

实时输出docker服务器端的事件，包括容器的创建、启动、关闭等。

$ docker events

2016-08-26T10:42:08.001137030+08:00 87cb69be18bbe74ea9e14b16228ccc3347dcffb3e074fa303ca32deb46417105: (from ubuntu:14.04) die

exec

Usage:  docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]    

Run a command in a running container    

 -d, --detach=false         Detached mode: run command in the background    

 --help=false               Print usage    

 -i, --interactive=false    Keep STDIN open even if not attached    

 --privileged=false         Give extended privileges to the command    

 -t, --tty=false            Allocate a pseudo-TTY    

 -u, --user=                Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])

通过宿主机在正在运行的容器上执行命令。
通过宿主机在容器上创建文件

$ docker exec 87cb69be18bb touch /root/abc.txt

可通过exec命令申请一个终端，执行shell:

$ docker exec -it 87cb69be18bb /bin/bash

root@87cb69be18bb:/# ls    

abc  bin  boot  data  dev  etc  home  ifconfig  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

export

Usage:  docker export [OPTIONS] CONTAINER    

Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive    

 --help=false       Print usage    

 -o, --output=      Write to a file, instead of STDOUT

将容器的文件系统打包成tar文件
两种方式：

$ docker export 87cb69be18bb > web.tar    

$ docker export -o web.tar 87cb69be18bb

history

Usage:  docker history [OPTIONS] IMAGE    

Show the history of an image    

 -H, --human=true     Print sizes and dates in human readable format    

 --help=false         Print usage    

 --no-trunc=false     Don't truncate output    

 -q, --quiet=false    Only show numeric IDs

显示一个镜像的历史

$ docker history ubuntu:14.04    

IMAGE       CREATED                           CREATED BY         SIZE    COMMENT    

d9560c05d6bd   2 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"]             0 B                      

001bed837092   2 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c sed -i 's/^#/s*/(deb.*universe/)$/   1.895 kB                

92b3f03280cc    2 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*          0 B                      

24e6f8fb4abf     2 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c set -xe   && echo '#!/bin/sh' > /u   194.6 kB                

50ed19911a3e    2 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:4f5a660d3f5141588d   187.8 MB

images

Usage:  docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]    

List images    

 -a, --all=false      Show all images (default hides intermediate images)    

 --digests=false      Show digests    

 -f, --filter=[]      Filter output based on conditions provided    

 --help=false         Print usage    

 --no-trunc=false     Don't truncate output    

 -q, --quiet=false    Only show numeric IDs

显示所有的镜像.

import

Usage:  docker import [OPTIONS] file|URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]    

Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image    

 -c, --change=[]    Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image    

 --help=false       Print usage    

 -m, --message=     Set commit message for imported image

根据export出的tar文件创建一个镜像，和export相结合使用，这种方式容器的层结构将会丢失。

info

Usage:  docker info [OPTIONS]    

Display system-wide information    

 --help=false       Print usage

查看docker的全局信息.

# docker info

Containers: 1    

Images: 25    

Server Version: 1.9.1    

Storage Driver: aufs    

Root Dir: /var/lib/docker/aufs    

Backing Filesystem: extfs    

Dirs: 27    

Dirperm1 Supported: false    

Execution Driver: native-0.2    

Logging Driver: json-file    

Kernel Version: 3.13.0-32-generic    

Operating System: Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS    

CPUs: 1    

Total Memory: 986.8 MiB    

Name: ubuntu    

ID: ALLP:KE4W:ITY7:WUL6:QKUG:4CGB:R6IA:2UXG:227D:K6BF:EDLL:27TX    

WARNING: No swap limit support

inspect

Usage:  docker inspect [OPTIONS] CONTAINER|IMAGE [CONTAINER|IMAGE...]    

Return low-level information on a container or image    

 -f, --format=       Format the output using the given go template    

 --help=false        Print usage    

 -s, --size=false    Display total file sizes if the type is container    

 --type=             Return JSON for specified type, (e.g image or container)

用于查看容器的所有配置信息，包含容器名、环境变量、运行命令、主机配置、网络配置和数据卷配置等。

$ docker inspect nextcloud

[

   {

       "Id": "4f798fc8f1b5bcde38aa3702a02e06d996ae4608e8c369237754ae50e950f7ca",

       "Created": "2018-08-10T03:28:36.570570242Z",

       "Path": "/bin/bash",

       "Args": [],

       "State": {

           "Status": "running",

           "Running": true,

           "Paused": false,

           "Restarting": false,

           "OOMKilled": false,

           "Dead": false,

           "Pid": 19066,

           "ExitCode": 0,

           "Error": "",

           "StartedAt": "2018-08-15T01:51:36.80771433Z",

           "FinishedAt": "2018-08-15T01:51:36.267209678Z"

       },

       "Image": "sha256:c3342f6abac82e375ec5c5e64be74afee47af31e39ba480a55fd912aa45a722b",

       "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4f798fc8f1b5bcde38aa3702a02e06d996ae4608e8c369237754ae50e950f7ca/resolv.conf",

       "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4f798fc8f1b5bcde38aa3702a02e06d996ae4608e8c369237754ae50e950f7ca/hostname",

       "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4f798fc8f1b5bcde38aa3702a02e06d996ae4608e8c369237754ae50e950f7ca/hosts",

       "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4f798fc8f1b5bcde38aa3702a02e06d996ae4608e8c369237754ae50e950f7ca/4f798fc8f1b5bcde38aa3702a02e06d996ae4608e8c369237754ae50e950f7ca-json.log",

       "Name": "/nextcloud",

       "RestartCount": 2,

       "Driver": "overlay2",

       "Platform": "linux",

       "MountLabel": "",

       "ProcessLabel": "",

       "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",

       "ExecIDs": null,

kill

Usage:  docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]    

Kill a running container    

 --help=false         Print usage    

 -s, --signal=KILL    Signal to send to the container

强制终止容器.
关于stop和kill的区别:
docker stop命令给容器中的进程发送SIGTERM信号，默认行为是会导致容器退出，当然，容器内程序可以捕获该信号并自行处理，例如可以选择忽略。而dockerkill则是给容器的进程发送SIGKILL信号，该信号将会使容器必然退出。

load

Usage:  docker load [OPTIONS]    

Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN    

 --help=false       Print usage    

 -i, --input=       Read from a tar archive file, instead of STDIN

与下面的save命令相对应，将下面sava命令打包的镜像通过load命令导入。

login

Usage:  docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]    

Register or log in to a Docker registry.    

If no server is specified "https://index.docker.io/v1/" is the default.    

 -e, --email=       Email    

 --help=false       Print usage    

 -p, --password=    Password    

 -u, --username=    Username

登录到自己的Docker register，需有Docker Hub的注册账号，或者自行搭建的私有仓库。

logout

Usage:  docker logout [OPTIONS] [SERVER]    

Log out from a Docker registry.    

If no server is specified "https://index.docker.io/v1/" is the default.    

 --help=false       Print usage

从Docker register退出登录。

logs

Fetch the logs of a container    

 -f, --follow=false        Follow log output    

 --help=false              Print usage    

 --since=                  Show logs since timestamp    

 -t, --timestamps=false    Show timestamps    

 --tail=all                Number of lines to show from the end of the logs

用于查看容器的日志，它将输入(出)到容器标准输入(出)的数据，作为日志输出到docker logs命令的终端上。常用于后台型容器。
87cb69be18bb是一个数据流为输入、输出和错误和容器，如下命令则会打印该容器的所有交互日志。

```
# docker logs 87cb69be18bb    
```

来个综合点的，查询容器最新的3条日志并打上时间戳：

# docker logs -f -t --tail=3 nextcloud  

2018-08-15T01:51:23.500951699Z root@nextcloud:/#

2018-08-15T01:51:36.154541783Z root@nextcloud:/# exit

2018-08-15T01:51:36.154917668Z exit

network

Usage:  docker network [OPTIONS] COMMAND [OPTIONS]    

Commands:    

 create                   Create a network    

 connect                  Connect container to a network    

 disconnect               Disconnect container from a network    

 inspect                  Display detailed network information    

 ls                       List all networks    

 rm                       Remove a network

创建网络

Usage:  docker network create [OPTIONS] NETWORK-NAME    

Creates a new network with a name specified by the user    

 --aux-address=map[]      auxiliary ipv4 or ipv6 addresses used by Network driver    

 -d, --driver=bridge      Driver to manage the Network    

 --gateway=[]             ipv4 or ipv6 Gateway for the master subnet    

 --help=false             Print usage    

 --ip-range=[]            allocate container ip from a sub-range    

 --ipam-driver=default    IP Address Management Driver    

 -o, --opt=map[]          set driver specific options    

 --subnet=[]              subnet in CIDR format that represents a network segment

自定义网络，可指定网段、网关等参数。
创建一个my_network的网络，–ip-range：指定子网段，–subnet：指定一个网段

$ docker network create -d bridge --ip-range=192.168.1.0/24 --subnet=192.168.1.0/24 my_network

查看网络

Usage:  docker network inspect [OPTIONS] NETWORK [NETWORK...]    

Displays detailed information on a network    

$ docker network inspect my_network

[    

   {    

       "Name": "my_network",    

       "Id": "414e1dd5d71ea709be885be5c283ed8080c8ca22e9baad0dc242865dd39164fd",    

       "Scope": "local",    

       "Driver": "bridge",    

       "IPAM": {    

           "Driver": "default",    

           "Config": [    

               {    

                   "Subnet": "192.168.1.0/24",    

                   "IPRange": "192.168.1.0/24"    

               }    

           ]    

       },    

       "Containers": {},    

       "Options": {}    

   }    

]

列出网络

Usage:  docker network ls [OPTIONS]    

Lists networks    

 --no-trunc=false     Do not truncate the output    

 -q, --quiet=false    Only display numeric IDs

$ docker network ls

NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER    

90b8ebd11e4f        bridge              bridge                  

77dd4f913ba1        none                null                    

65dfd6ebddab        host                host                    

414e1dd5d71e        my_network          bridge

bridge为默认的网络，172.17.0.0/16网段
my_network 为自定义的网格

删除网络

Usage:  docker network rm [OPTIONS] NETWORK    

Deletes a network  

$ docker network rm my_network1

连接网络

Usage:  docker network connect [OPTIONS] NETWORK CONTAINER    

Connects a container to a network

将容器连接到指定的网络。

1.创建一个容器，不指定网络，默认会用bridge网络。

$ #docker run -it --name=web ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash

会看到默认有eth0：172.17.0.0/16段

root@d35ef0bda3fb:/# ifconfig    

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:ac:11:00:02      

         inet addr:172.17.0.2  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.0.0    

         inet6 addr: fe80::42:acff:fe11:2/64 Scope:Link    

         UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1    

         RX packets:5 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0    

         TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0    

         collisions:0 txqueuelen:0      

         RX bytes:418 (418.0 B)  TX bytes:508 (508.0 B)

2.将该容器连接到my_network网络
连接到的容器必须是running状态。

$ docker network connect my_network web

3.查看容器网络状态
会看到多出一个eth1：192.168.1.0/24网段

root@d35ef0bda3fb:/# ifconfig    

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:ac:11:00:02      

         inet addr:172.17.0.2  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.0.0    

         inet6 addr: fe80::42:acff:fe11:2/64 Scope:Link    

         UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1    

         RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0    

         TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0    

         collisions:0 txqueuelen:0      

         RX bytes:648 (648.0 B)  TX bytes:648 (648.0 B)    

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:c0:a8:01:02      

         inet addr:192.168.1.2  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.255.0    

         inet6 addr: fe80::42:c0ff:fea8:102/64 Scope:Link    

         UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1    

         RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0    

         TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0    

         collisions:0 txqueuelen:0      

         RX bytes:648 (648.0 B)  TX bytes:648 (648.0 B)

断开网络

Usage:  docker network disconnect [OPTIONS] NETWORK CONTAINER    

Disconnects container from a network

将容器与一个网络断开

# docker network disconnect my_network web

断开后该容器不在拥有该网络的地址。

pause

Usage:  docker pause [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]    

Pause all processes within a container    

 --help=false       Print usage

暂停容器内的所有进程。
此时，通过docker stats可以观察到此时的资源使用情况是固定不变的，通过docker logs -f也观察不到日志的进一步输出。

```
$ docker pause 87cb69be18bb    
```

容器的状态变为：Up About an hour (Paused)
docker unpause 重新启动一个容器。

port

Usage:  docker port [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [PRIVATE_PORT[/PROTO]]    

List port mappings or a specific mapping for the CONTAINER

输出容器端口与宿主机端口的映射情况

# docker port blog    

80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:80

容器blog的内部端口80映射到宿主机的80端口，这样可通过宿主机的80端口查看容器blog提供的服务

ps

Usage:  docker ps [OPTIONS]    

List containers    

 -a, --all=false       Show all containers (default shows just running)    

 --before=             Show only container created before Id or Name    

 -f, --filter=[]       Filter output based on conditions provided    

 --format=             Pretty-print containers using a Go template    

 --help=false          Print usage    

 -l, --latest=false    Show the latest created container, include non-running    

 -n=-1                 Show n last created containers, include non-running    

 --no-trunc=false      Don't truncate output    

 -q, --quiet=false     Only display numeric IDs    

 -s, --size=false      Display total file sizes    

 --since=              Show created since Id or Name, include non-running

列出所有容器，其中docker ps用于查看正在运行的容器，ps -a则用于查看所有容器。

pull

Usage:  docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]    

Pull an image or a repository from a registry    

 -a, --all-tags=false            Download all tagged images in the repository    

 --disable-content-trust=true    Skip image verification    

 --help=false                    Print usage

从registry中拉取镜像。

push

Usage:  docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]    

Pull an image or a repository from a registry    

 -a, --all-tags=false            Download all tagged images in the repository    

 --disable-content-trust=true    Skip image verification    

 --help=false                    Print usage

本地的镜像上传到registry中

rename

Usage:  docker rename [OPTIONS] OLD_NAME NEW_NAME    

Rename a container    

 --help=false       Print usage

更改容器的名字.
将容器tender_lichterman更名为web1.

# docker rename tender_lichterman web1

restart

Usage:  docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]    

Restart a container    

 --help=false       Print usage    

 -t, --time=10      Seconds to wait for stop before killing the container

重启一个容器。

rm

Usage:  docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]    

Remove one or more containers    

 -f, --force=false      Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)    

 --help=false           Print usage    

 -l, --link=false       Remove the specified link    

 -v, --volumes=false    Remove the volumes associated with the container

删除容器。
不可以删除一个运行中的容器，必须先用docker stop或docker kill使其停止。
当然可以强制删除，必须加-f参数。
如果要一次性删除所有容器，可使用 docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)，其中，-q指的是只列出容器的ID。

rmi

Usage:  docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]    

Remove one or more images    

 -f, --force=false    Force removal of the image    

 --help=false         Print usage    

 --no-prune=false     Do not delete untagged parents

删除一个或多个镜像。

save

Usage:  docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]    

Save an image(s) to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)    

 --help=false       Print usage    

 -o, --output=      Write to a file, instead of STDOUT

将镜像打包，与上面的load命令相对应.
两种方式：

# docker save webserver >webserver.tar    

# docker save -o webserver.tar webserver:v1

search

Usage:  docker search [OPTIONS] TERM    

Search the Docker Hub for images    

 --automated=false    Only show automated builds    

 --help=false         Print usage    

 --no-trunc=false     Don't truncate output    

 -s, --stars=0        Only displays with at least x stars

查找镜像。

start

Usage:  docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]    

Start one or more stopped containers    

 -a, --attach=false         Attach STDOUT/STDERR and forward signals    

 --help=false               Print usage    

 -i, --interactive=false    Attach container's STDIN  

启动一个或多个停止的镜像。

启动一个镜像并启动一个交互试的终端。

$ docker start -ia 87cb69be18bb    

root@87cb69be18bb:/# ls

stats

Usage:  docker stats [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]    

Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics    

 --help=false         Print usage    

 --no-stream=false    Disable streaming stats and only pull the first result

动态显示容器的资源消耗情况，包括：CPU、内存、网络I/O.

stop

Usage:  docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]    

Stop a running container.    

Sending SIGTERM and then SIGKILL after a grace period    

 --help=false       Print usage    

 -t, --time=10      Seconds to wait for stop before killing it

停止一个正在运行的容器。

tag

Usage:  docker tag [OPTIONS] IMAGE[:TAG] [REGISTRYHOST/][USERNAME/]NAME[:TAG]    

Tag an image into a repository    

 -f, --force=false    Force    

 --help=false         Print usage

对repository中的镜像进行重命名。tag后的镜像和原镜像拥有相同的ID。

top

Usage:  docker top [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]    

Display the running processes of a container

查看容器中正在运行的进程。

$ docker top 87cb69be18bb    

UID      PID    PPID      C        STIME     TTY     TIME            CMD    

root     512    679       0        12:59      pts/3   00:00:00        /bin/bash

unpause

Usage:  docker unpause [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]    

Unpause all processes within a container    

 --help=false       Print usage

恢复容器内暂停的进程，与pause参数相对应。

version

Usage:  docker unpause [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]    

Unpause all processes within a container    

 --help=false       Print usage

查看docker版本信息

$ docker version    

Client:    

Version:      1.9.1    

API version:  1.21    

Go version:   go1.4.3    

Git commit:   a34a1d5    

Built:        Fri Nov 20 17:56:04 UTC 2015    

OS/Arch:      linux/amd64    

Server:    

Version:      1.9.1    

API version:  1.21    

Go version:   go1.4.3    

Git commit:   a34a1d5    

Built:        Fri Nov 20 17:56:04 UTC 2015    

OS/Arch:      linux/amd64

volume

Usage:  docker volume [OPTIONS] [COMMAND]    

Manage Docker volumes    

Commands:    

 create                   Create a volume    

 inspect                  Return low-level information on a volume    

 ls                       List volumes    

 rm                       Remove a volume

管理docker数据卷.

创建数据卷

Usage:  docker volume create [OPTIONS]    

Create a volume    

 -d, --driver=local    Specify volume driver name    

 --name=           Specify volume name    

 -o, --opt=map[]       Set driver specific options

1.创建一个名为data_v的数据卷

$ docker volume create --name='data_v'

2.创建完数据卷后，其他容器即可挂载该容器。可用于数据共享。
3.创建一个容器，把名为data_v的数据卷挂载到容器的/data目录

$ docker run -it -v data_v:/data ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash

查看数据卷

Usage:  docker volume inspect [OPTIONS] VOLUME [VOLUME...]    

Return low-level information on a volume    

 -f, --format=      Format the output using the given go template

查看刚刚创建的数据卷

$ docker volume inspect data_v

[    

   {    

       "Name": "data_v",    

       "Driver": "local",    

       "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/data_v/_data"    

   }    

]

列出数据卷

Usage:  docker volume ls [OPTIONS]    

List volumes    

 -f, --filter=[]      Provide filter values (i.e. 'dangling=true')    

 -q, --quiet=false    Only display volume names  

$ docker volume ls  

DRIVER              VOLUME NAME

local               04ad14c9c5dbeecd08fe37927024b73efc809da9698eb7000c63e214e929ec15

local               067591aee8ac7ab721de3cba6896c9574703d434604e74f97ff489eecda42777

local               127dcc895206f024f9ece5d88da97db7ea0a9b689f2cf662a38f9baaba441755

local               19fc4d60583be9cda8b0d3f408e64c69efcad90dcab617655b22983588cc8a7c

local               1a1020d07eddf1d796dcef60e89f4a65cfd440c4817ea5d2d9cc608af8b3c139

删除数据卷

Usage:  docker volume rm [OPTIONS] VOLUME [VOLUME...]

$ docker volume rm data_v

wait

Usage:  docker wait [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]    

Block until a container stops, then print its exit code    

 --help=false       Print usage

捉容器停止时的退出码。
执行此命令后，该命令会“hang”在当前终端，直到容器停止，此时，会打印出容器的退出码。

未完待续……

原创文章，作者：3628473679，如若转载，请注明出处：https://blog.ytso.com/145165.html