本篇内容介绍了“ ArrayList有什么用”的有关知识,在实际案例的操作过程中,不少人都会遇到这样的困境,接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧!希望大家仔细阅读,能够学有所成!
ArrayList
是一个有序列表。
public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
-
RandomAccess
标识接口,无内部方法,表示可以随机访问内部元素 -
Cloneable
标识接口,无内部方法,表示可以进行负责 -
java.io.Serializable
标识接口,无内部方法,表示支持序列化
底层数据结构是一个对象数组
transient Object[] elementData;
ArrayList对象有存储上限
private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
缩容,当buffer分配的空间容量大于实际存储的元素数量时,通过缩容释放对于的资源。
public void trimToSize() { modCount++; if (size < elementData.length) { elementData = (size == 0) ? EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA : Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size); } }
扩容,步长为原容量的 50%, 扩容后将原buffer复制到新创建的buffer中。所以ArrayList如果存在频繁扩容的情况,会引起程序性能下降。
private void grow(int minCapacity) { // overflow-conscious code int oldCapacity = elementData.length; int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1); if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0) newCapacity = minCapacity; if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity); // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win: elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity); }
插入或删除指定位置的Element,都会引起底层数据的批量复制
插入
public void add(int index, E element) { rangeCheckForAdd(index); ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, size - index); elementData[index] = element; size++; }
删除
public E remove(int index) { rangeCheck(index); modCount++; E oldValue = elementData(index); int numMoved = size - index - 1; if (numMoved > 0) System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved); elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work return oldValue; } private void fastRemove(int index) { modCount++; int numMoved = size - index - 1; if (numMoved > 0) System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved); elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work }
清空数据时,并不释放底层数组分配的空间,只是将数组中的对象持有复制成null
,方便虚拟机在GC时,直接将对象内存释放。
public void clear() { modCount++; // clear to let GC do its work // 释放句柄,告诉GC对象可以被回收,但并不是立即回收 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) elementData[i] = null; size = 0; }
在数据计算中存在集合求交集运算,在ArrayList中同样提供了该方法。
求交集
public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) { Objects.requireNonNull(c); return batchRemove(c, true); } private boolean batchRemove(Collection<?> c, boolean complement) { final Object[] elementData = this.elementData; int r = 0, w = 0; boolean modified = false; try { for (; r < size; r++) if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement) elementData[w++] = elementData[r]; } finally { // Preserve behavioral compatibility with AbstractCollection, // even if c.contains() throws. if (r != size) { System.arraycopy(elementData, r, elementData, w, size - r); w += size - r; } if (w != size) { // clear to let GC do its work for (int i = w; i < size; i++) elementData[i] = null; modCount += size - w; size = w; modified = true; } } return modified; }
ArrayList实现了Serializable接口,表示它可以被序列化,在其内部提供了jdk标准的序列化和反序列号的方法。通过序列化和发序列化方法可以发现,JDK并不是把ArrayList所有属性都写入文件,只是将size,以及数组中的每一个对象进行了序列化。
private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) throws java.io.IOException{ // Write out element count, and any hidden stuff int expectedModCount = modCount; s.defaultWriteObject(); // Write out size as capacity for behavioural compatibility with clone() s.writeInt(size); // Write out all elements in the proper order. for (int i=0; i<size; i++) { s.writeObject(elementData[i]); } if (modCount != expectedModCount) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s) throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException { elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; // Read in size, and any hidden stuff s.defaultReadObject(); // Read in capacity s.readInt(); // ignored if (size > 0) { // be like clone(), allocate array based upon size not capacity ensureCapacityInternal(size); Object[] a = elementData; // Read in all elements in the proper order. for (int i=0; i<size; i++) { a[i] = s.readObject(); } } }
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