Android自动打包工具aapt详解手机开发

概念

在Android.mk中有LOCAL_AAPT_FLAGS配置项，在gradle中也有aaptOptions，那么aapt到底是干什么的呢？
aapt即Android Asset Packaging Tool（Android 打包工具），在SDK的build-tools目录下。我们可以查
看，创建， 更新ZIP格式的文档附件(zip, jar, apk)。也可将资源文件编译成二进制文件，尽管你可能没有直接使用过aapt工具，但是build scripts和IDE插件会使用这个工具打包apk文件构成一个Android 应用程序。

aapt打包流程

aapt传统的打包主要是最res和java代码的打包，aapt打包走的是单线程、流水式的任务从上到下进行打包构建。

传统的aapt打包，aapt会执行2次，第一次是生成R.java，参与javac编译，第二次是对res里面的资源文件进行编译，最后APKBuilder会把DEX文件与编译好的资源文件及DEX文件进行打包成APK，签名并安装至手机。整个流程下来，没有任何缓存，没有并发，也没有增量，每次构建都是一个全新的过程，所以每次构建时间也比较恒定，代码量，资源量越多，构建时间越慢。

aapt常用的参数

我们可以通过aapt help来查看常用的参数。

Usage: 
aapt l[ist] [-v] [-a] file.{zip,jar,apk} 
List contents of Zip-compatible archive. 
aapt d[ump] [--values] [--include-meta-data] WHAT file.{apk} [asset [asset ...]] 
strings          Print the contents of the resource table string pool in the APK. 
badging          Print the label and icon for the app declared in APK. 
permissions      Print the permissions from the APK. 
resources        Print the resource table from the APK. 
configurations   Print the configurations in the APK. 
xmltree          Print the compiled xmls in the given assets. 
xmlstrings       Print the strings of the given compiled xml assets. 
aapt p[ackage] [-d][-f][-m][-u][-v][-x][-z][-M AndroidManifest.xml] / 
[-0 extension [-0 extension ...]] [-g tolerance] [-j jarfile] / 
[--debug-mode] [--min-sdk-version VAL] [--target-sdk-version VAL] / 
[--app-version VAL] [--app-version-name TEXT] [--custom-package VAL] / 
[--rename-manifest-package PACKAGE] / 
[--rename-instrumentation-target-package PACKAGE] / 
[--utf16] [--auto-add-overlay] / 
[--max-res-version VAL] / 
[-I base-package [-I base-package ...]] / 
[-A asset-source-dir]  [-G class-list-file] [-P public-definitions-file] / 
[-S resource-sources [-S resource-sources ...]] / 
[-F apk-file] [-J R-file-dir] / 
[--product product1,product2,...] / 
[-c CONFIGS] [--preferred-density DENSITY] / 
[--split CONFIGS [--split CONFIGS]] / 
[--feature-of package [--feature-after package]] / 
[raw-files-dir [raw-files-dir] ...] / 
[--output-text-symbols DIR] 
Package the android resources.  It will read assets and resources that are 
supplied with the -M -A -S or raw-files-dir arguments.  The -J -P -F and -R 
options control which files are output. 
aapt r[emove] [-v] file.{zip,jar,apk} file1 [file2 ...] 
Delete specified files from Zip-compatible archive. 
aapt a[dd] [-v] file.{zip,jar,apk} file1 [file2 ...] 
Add specified files to Zip-compatible archive. 
aapt c[runch] [-v] -S resource-sources ... -C output-folder ... 
Do PNG preprocessing on one or several resource folders 
and store the results in the output folder. 
aapt s[ingleCrunch] [-v] -i input-file -o outputfile 
Do PNG preprocessing on a single file. 
aapt v[ersion] 
Print program version. 
Modifiers: 
-a  print Android-specific data (resources, manifest) when listing 
-c  specify which configurations to include.  The default is all 
configurations.  The value of the parameter should be a comma 
separated list of configuration values.  Locales should be specified 
as either a language or language-region pair.  Some examples: 
en 
port,en 
port,land,en_US 
-d  one or more device assets to include, separated by commas 
-f  force overwrite of existing files 
-g  specify a pixel tolerance to force images to grayscale, default 0 
-j  specify a jar or zip file containing classes to include 
-k  junk path of file(s) added 
-m  make package directories under location specified by -J 
-u  update existing packages (add new, replace older, remove deleted files) 
-v  verbose output 
-x  create extending (non-application) resource IDs 
-z  require localization of resource attributes marked with 
localization="suggested" 
-A  additional directory in which to find raw asset files 
-G  A file to output proguard options into. 
-F  specify the apk file to output 
-I  add an existing package to base include set 
-J  specify where to output R.java resource constant definitions 
-M  specify full path to AndroidManifest.xml to include in zip 
-P  specify where to output public resource definitions 
-S  directory in which to find resources.  Multiple directories will be scanned 
and the first match found (left to right) will take precedence. 
-0  specifies an additional extension for which such files will not 
be stored compressed in the .apk.  An empty string means to not 
compress any files at all. 
--debug-mode 
inserts android:debuggable="true" in to the application node of the 
manifest, making the application debuggable even on production devices. 
--include-meta-data 
when used with "dump badging" also includes meta-data tags. 
--pseudo-localize 
generate resources for pseudo-locales (en-XA and ar-XB). 
--min-sdk-version 
inserts android:minSdkVersion in to manifest.  If the version is 7 or 
higher, the default encoding for resources will be in UTF-8. 
--target-sdk-version 
inserts android:targetSdkVersion in to manifest. 
--max-res-version 
ignores versioned resource directories above the given value. 
--values 
when used with "dump resources" also includes resource values. 
--version-code 
inserts android:versionCode in to manifest. 
--version-name 
inserts android:versionName in to manifest. 
--replace-version 
If --version-code and/or --version-name are specified, these 
values will replace any value already in the manifest. By 
default, nothing is changed if the manifest already defines 
these attributes. 
--custom-package 
generates R.java into a different package. 
--extra-packages 
generate R.java for libraries. Separate libraries with ':'. 
--generate-dependencies 
generate dependency files in the same directories for R.java and resource package 
--auto-add-overlay 
Automatically add resources that are only in overlays. 
--preferred-density 
Specifies a preference for a particular density. Resources that do not 
match this density and have variants that are a closer match are removed. 
--split 
Builds a separate split APK for the configurations listed. This can 
be loaded alongside the base APK at runtime. 
--feature-of 
Builds a split APK that is a feature of the apk specified here. Resources 
in the base APK can be referenced from the the feature APK. 
--feature-after 
An app can have multiple Feature Split APKs which must be totally ordered. 
If --feature-of is specified, this flag specifies which Feature Split APK 
comes before this one. The first Feature Split APK should not define 
anything here. 
--rename-manifest-package 
Rewrite the manifest so that its package name is the package name 
given here.  Relative class names (for example .Foo) will be 
changed to absolute names with the old package so that the code 
does not need to change. 
--rename-instrumentation-target-package 
Rewrite the manifest so that all of its instrumentation 
components target the given package.  Useful when used in 
conjunction with --rename-manifest-package to fix tests against 
a package that has been renamed. 
--product 
Specifies which variant to choose for strings that have 
product variants 
--utf16 
changes default encoding for resources to UTF-16.  Only useful when API 
level is set to 7 or higher where the default encoding is UTF-8. 
--non-constant-id 
Make the resources ID non constant. This is required to make an R java class 
that does not contain the final value but is used to make reusable compiled 
libraries that need to access resources. 
--shared-lib 
Make a shared library resource package that can be loaded by an application 
at runtime to access the libraries resources. Implies --non-constant-id. 
--error-on-failed-insert 
Forces aapt to return an error if it fails to insert values into the manifest 
with --debug-mode, --min-sdk-version, --target-sdk-version --version-code 
and --version-name. 
Insertion typically fails if the manifest already defines the attribute. 
--error-on-missing-config-entry 
Forces aapt to return an error if it fails to find an entry for a configuration. 
--output-text-symbols 
Generates a text file containing the resource symbols of the R class in the 
specified folder. 
--ignore-assets 
Assets to be ignored. Default pattern is: 
!.svn:!.git:!.ds_store:!*.scc:.*:<dir>_*:!CVS:!thumbs.db:!picasa.ini:!*~ 
--skip-symbols-without-default-localization 
Prevents symbols from being generated for strings that do not have a default 
localization 
--no-version-vectors 
Do not automatically generate versioned copies of vector XML resources.

关于上面参数的具体含义大家可以自行去了解，但是有几个常用的参数是需要记住的。

aapt常用命令

1. 列出apk包的内容

aapt l[ist] [-v] [-a] file.{zip,jar,apk}
-v 以table形式列出来
-a 详细列出内容
例如：aapt l <你的apk文件>，这个命令就是查看apk内容

#### 2. 查看apk一些信息

aapt d[ump] [–values] WHAT file.{apk} [asset [asset …]]
badging Print the label and icon for the app declared in APK
permissions Print the permissions from the APK.
resources Print the resource table from the APK.
configurations Print the configurations in the APK.
xmltree Print the compiled xmls in the given assets.
xmlstrings Print the strings of the given compiled xml assets.
例如：aapt d permissions

3. 编译android资源

aapt p[ackage] [-d][-f][-m][-u][-v][-x][-z][-M AndroidManifest.xml] /
[-0 extension [-0 extension …]] [-g tolerance] [-j jarfile] /
[–debug-mode] [–min-sdk-version VAL] [–target-sdk-version VAL] /
[–app-version VAL] [–app-version-name TEXT] [–custom-package VAL] /
[–rename-manifest-package PACKAGE] /
[–rename-instrumentation-target-package PACKAGE] /
[–utf16] [–auto-add-overlay] /
[–max-res-version VAL] /
[-I base-package [-I base-package …]] /
[-A asset-source-dir] [-G class-list-file] [-P public-definitions-file] /
[-S resource-sources [-S resource-sources …]] [-F apk-file] [-J R-file-dir] /
[–product product1,product2,…] /
[raw-files-dir [raw-files-dir] …]

这个比较复杂，只解释几个关键参数。
-f 如果编译出来的文件已经存在，强制覆盖。
-m 使生成的包的目录放在-J参数指定的目录。
-J 指定生成的R.java的输出目录
-S res文件夹路径
-A assert文件夹的路径
-M AndroidManifest.xml的路径
-I 某个版本平台的android.jar的路径
-F 具体指定apk文件的输出
例如：
1). 将工程的资源编译R.java文件
aapt package -m -J

4. 打包好的apk中移除文件

aapt r[emove] [-v] file.{zip,jar,apk} file1 [file2 …]
例如：aapt r <你的apk文件> AndroidManifest.xml， 这个就是将apk中的AndroidManifest移除掉

5. 添加文件到打包好的apk中

aapt a[dd] [-v] file.{zip,jar,apk} file1 [file2 …]
例如：aapt a <你的apk文件> <要添加的文件路径>， 这个就是将文件添加到打包好的apk文件中