最简单的例子
import urllib.request
with urllib.request.urlopen('http://python.org/') as response:
html = response.read()
取回一个资源并临时保存
import urllib.request
local_filename, headers = urllib.request.urlretrieve('http://python.org/')
html = open(local_filename)
使用Request对象http://www.douban.com/
import urllib.request
req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.voidspace.org.uk')
with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as response:
the_page = response.read()
使用POST方法发送数据, 数据需要先经过编码
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
url = 'http://www.someserver.com/cgi-bin/register.cgi'
values = {'name' : 'Michael Foord',
'location' : 'Northampton',
'language' : 'Python' }
data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)
data = data.encode('ascii') # data should be bytes
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data)
with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as response:
the_page = response.read()
使用GET方法发送数据, 数据需先经过编码
>>> import urllib.request
>>> import urllib.parse
>>> data = {}
>>> data['name'] = 'Somebody Here'
>>> data['location'] = 'Northampton'
>>> data['language'] = 'Python'
>>> url_values = urllib.parse.urlencode(data)
>>> print(url_values) # The order may differ from below.
name=Somebody+Here&language=Python&location=Northampton
>>> url = 'http://www.example.com/example.cgi'
>>> full_url = url + '?' + url_values
>>> data = urllib.request.urlopen(full_url)
添加HTTP header, 指定user-agent
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
url = 'http://www.someserver.com/cgi-bin/register.cgi'
user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64)'
headers = { 'User-Agent' : user_agent }
values = {'name' : 'Michael Foord',
'location' : 'Northampton',
'language' : 'Python' }
data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)
data = data.encode('ascii')
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data, headers)
with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as response:
the_page = response.read()
处理异常
>>> req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.pretend_server.org')
>>> try: urllib.request.urlopen(req)
... except urllib.error.URLError as e:
... print(e.reason)
...
(4, 'getaddrinfo failed')
>>> req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.python.org/fish.html')
>>> try:
... urllib.request.urlopen(req)
... except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
... print(e.code)
... print(e.read())
...
404
b'<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">/n/n/n<html
...
<title>Page Not Found</title>/n
...
原创文章，作者：ItWorker，如若转载，请注明出处：https://blog.ytso.com/8097.html